EP0940234B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von keramischen Fliesen - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von keramischen Fliesen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0940234B1
EP0940234B1 EP99200471A EP99200471A EP0940234B1 EP 0940234 B1 EP0940234 B1 EP 0940234B1 EP 99200471 A EP99200471 A EP 99200471A EP 99200471 A EP99200471 A EP 99200471A EP 0940234 B1 EP0940234 B1 EP 0940234B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
die plate
mould
tile
belt
lower element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99200471A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0940234A2 (de
EP0940234A3 (de
Inventor
Sergio Miotto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sertam Srl
Original Assignee
Sertam Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sertam Srl filed Critical Sertam Srl
Publication of EP0940234A2 publication Critical patent/EP0940234A2/de
Publication of EP0940234A3 publication Critical patent/EP0940234A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0940234B1 publication Critical patent/EP0940234B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
    • B28B13/0215—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo
    • B28B13/023—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo by using a feed box transferring the moulding material from a hopper to the moulding cavities
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/04—Discharging the shaped articles
    • B28B13/06—Removing the shaped articles from moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B5/00—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping
    • B28B5/02—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping on conveyors of the endless-belt or chain type
    • B28B5/021—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping on conveyors of the endless-belt or chain type the shaped articles being of definite length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/36—Linings or coatings, e.g. removable, absorbent linings, permanent anti-stick coatings; Linings becoming a non-permanent layer of the moulded article

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a new and original method, machine and plant for forming ceramic tiles.
  • the WO 96/15888 A discloses a method for compacting powders starting from a layer of powders formed on a belt conveyor, isolating a portion of said layer inside a die plate having a cavity upperwardly and downwardly open, and compacting said portion of powder inside the mould cavity defined by the die plate and the underlying belt of the conveyor. This document further discloses also a machine for carrying out the method.
  • Compaction is made at a first pressure and must be subjected to a final compaction of about 250-400 kg./cm 2 .
  • the method of the invention comprises the following operations:
  • the invention also comprises a plant for implementing the aforesaid method, comprising:
  • a forming machine suitable both for forming decorated tiles by the aforesaid method and for forming tiles not by said method.
  • Said machine comprises a fixed lower base having a horizontal bearing surface acting as a reaction base during pressing, a vertically movable member, and an upper die carried by the movable member to define the upper surface of the mould forming cavity.
  • the machine is characterised by comprising a flat lower element of sufficiently compression-resistant material resting on the bearing surface and movable on it to act as the lower surface of the mould cavity, and further comprising a mould die plate positioned above said flat element to define the side walls of the mould cavity and movable vertically between a lower position in contact with the flat lower element and an upper position in which it is raised from the flat element to enable the formed tiles to pass below it.
  • said flat lower element is moved horizontally in combination with the raising of the die plate, to remove the formed tile.
  • the plant and machine of the invention are of particularly simple and economical construction. They are also intrinsically suitable for operation at a very high rate. The plant is also particularly short and compact in plan view.
  • Figure 1 is a general schematic side view of the entire plant
  • Figure 2 is a section through the downstream part of Figure 1, taken on the plane II-II.
  • Figure 3 is a section on the plane III-III of Figure 1.
  • Figures 4A, 4B, 4C represent three different operating stages, shown in section on the plane IV-IV of Figure 2.
  • the plant of the invention comprises a conveyor 10 with its conveyor belt 11 of material sufficiently rigid against compression.
  • the belt 11 is an endless relatively thin steel belt passing about at least two end rollers, to define the belt of a belt conveyor.
  • the belt 11 is provided with two sets of regularly distributed holes 12 extending along the two longitudinal edges of the belt, to engage corresponding teeth provided on the four end rollers 13 about which the belt passes.
  • the holes 12 and the corresponding teeth on the rollers 13 totally prevent belt slippage on the rollers, to hence achieve perfect synchronization between the movement of the belt and the operation of the other machines which operate on it.
  • the conveyor 10 has a horizontal upper branch working on a horizontal bearing surface which in its upstream part is defined by a support means 14 having an upper surface on which the belt 11 bears.
  • a plurality (three in the embodiment shown in the figures) of decorating machines 20A, 208 and 20C, each arranged to spread a succession of decorative layers 21 on the upper surface of the belt.
  • the machines 20A, 20B and 20C (shown only schematically in the figures) are identical to the usual known machines for spreading a layer of decorative material on tiles.
  • they are silk-screen machines arranged to spread a layer of silk-screen ink by means of a flat or cylindrical screen. According to the invention, these machines operate by each depositing a succession of respective layers of decorative material on the surface of the underlying belt 11.
  • a complex decoration is to be formed on the tile, consisting of a compound decorative layer 21 formed from different superposed layers, that layer which is to form the upper layer on the tile is firstly deposited, then on this (while on the belt 11) are deposited the other layers, from the upper to the lower in turn, ie the layers are deposited on the belt 11 in the reverse order to that followed in the traditional method, in which firstly the lower layer is deposited, then the upper layers are deposited on this in turn.
  • the most upstream-positioned machine 20A deposits on the belt 11 that decorative layer which is to form the most outer layer on the tile
  • the machine 20B positioned downstream of the first deposits on each layer deposited by the preceding machine that decorative layer which is to form the intermediate layer on the tile
  • the most downstream machine 20C deposits on those layers deposited by the preceding machines that decorative layer which is to form the lower layer on the tile.
  • the decorating machines are coordinated with each other and with the movement of the belt 11, in such a manner as to form said decorative layers on each other with precision.
  • a machine 30 for forming tiles by pressing in a mould comprising a fixed lower base 31 acting as the reaction base during pressing and having a horizontal bearing surface on which the conveyor belt 11 bears during its travel.
  • the machine 30 also comprises a usual upper die 32 which defines the upper surface of the mould forming cavity and is carried by a vertically movable member 33 guided by lateral vertical columns 34.
  • the member 33 is operated by suitable known means (for example a large hydraulic cylinder-piston unit, not shown in the figures) able to provide the necessary thrust for pressing the tile within the mould die plate.
  • the machine 30 also comprises a usual die plate 35 defining the lateral walls of the mould cavity.
  • the text will refer to the formation of a single tile per pressing operation.
  • the mould can be of multiple type, ie able to form several tiles simultaneously with one pressing operation.
  • the upper die 32 will be of multiple type comprising several dies, and likewise the die plate 35 will comprise several cavities.
  • the decorative layers deposited by the machines 20A, 20B and 20C will be multiple layers (as shown in the figures).
  • the die plate 35 is movable vertically between a lower position in contact with the upper surface of the conveyor belt 11 and an upper position in which it is raised from the belt 11 to enable those tiles which have just been formed to pass below it.
  • the die plate 35 is driven for example by four vertical cylinder-piston units 36, of which the casings are fixed to the sides of the base 32 and the rods are fixed to the die plate itself.
  • the tile-forming material is loaded into the mould cavity by usual loading means, for example by a traditional loading carriage 41 provided with a grid for homogeneous material distribution and moving with reciprocating movement along a fixed horizontal travel surface 45.
  • the carriage 41 is driven by a motor 42 with a crank 43, and is fed by a usual loading hopper 44.
  • the travel surface 45 is positioned in line with and adjacent to the upper surface of the die plate 35 when this rests on the belt 11.
  • the surface 45 is defined by the upper surface of a thin fixed horizontal panel 46 positioned transversely above the belt 11 in the region immediately upstream of the machine 30, and spaced from the belt and from the decorative layers lying on it.
  • the described plant implements the following method.
  • the conveyor belt 11 is driven with intermittent motion.
  • the machines 20A, 20B and 20C firstly deposit a succession of single or compound decorative layers.
  • the layers are orientated downwards, as already stated, with that layer to appear as the upper layer on the tile being positioned below the others, and so on for the other layers.
  • the decorative layers are deposited directly onto the upper surface of the conveyor belt 11.
  • the belt upper surface can be coated with a non-adhesion material, such as a fluoroethylene (TEFLON R ).
  • Said decorative layers can be deposited on the belt 11 while this is in movement if the machines 20A, 20B and 20C operate with a cylindrical screen, otherwise if the machines operate with a flat screen the belt 11 must be at rest.
  • Each single or compound decorative layer 21 (see Figure 2) is then carried by the belt 11 to below the die plate 35 of the machine 30, where it stops. During this stoppage a tile (possibly multiple) is formed.
  • the upper die 32 is lowered into the die plate cavity and the material is pressed onto the belt 11 together with the decorative layer, with the pressure necessary to obtain a tile 9 with the required degree of compaction (see Figure 4A).
  • the result is a tile 9 (possibly multiple) already provided with the decorative layer, and with its exposed face orientated downwards. This exposed face is shaped by the upper surface of the belt 11.
  • the die plate 35 and the upper die 32 are raised into their initial position to enable the tile which has just been formed to pass below the die plate.
  • the die plate is firstly raised while the die 32 remains at rest, to press the tile 9 against the belt 11 (see Figure 48), with the result that the tile is urged and guided out of the die plate 35.
  • the die plate 35 is then further withdrawn from the belt 11, and the belt 11 is driven one step forwards to move the just formed tile 9 out of the machine 30 (see Figure 4C).
  • the machine of the invention is particularly suitable for implementing the described method by which decorated tiles (unfired) are formed.
  • the machine is also suitable for other methods, for example for forming undecorated tiles.
  • the machine can comprise a different flat element of a sufficiently compression-resistant material which rests on the bearing surface of the lower base 31 and is movable along it, to act as the lower surface of the mould cavity (as a substitute for the belt 11).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Maschine zur Herstellung von Keramikfliesen durch Pressen in einer Pressform, die eine fixierte untere Basis (31), die während dem Pressen als eine Reaktionsbasis wirkt und eine horizontale Trägerfläche aufweist, ein vertikal bewegbares Bauteil (33) und eine von dem bewegbaren Bauteil (33) getragene obere Matrize (32) aufweist, um die obere Fläche des Formgebungshohlraumes der Pressform festzulegen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    sie folgendes aufweist:
    ein von der Reaktionsträgerbasis (31) getragenes, flaches unteres Element (11) aus genügend druckfestem Werkstoff, welches auf derselben bewegbar ist, um als die untere Fläche des Pressformhohlraumes zu wirken, eine unten offene Pressformmatrizenplatte (35), die oberhalb und in Berührung mit dem flachen Element positionierbar ist, um die Seitenwände des Pressformhohlraumes festzulegen, Ladeeinrichtungen (41) zum direkten Laden des Fliesenherstellungswerkstoffes in den Pressformhohlraum, während die Pressformmatrizenplatte auf dem flachen unteren Element (11) ruht, wobei die Pressformmatrizenplatte (35) zwischen einer unteren Position in Berührung mit dem flachen unteren Element (11) und einer oberen Position, in der sie von dem flachen Element (11) angehoben ist, vertikal bewegbar ist, damit die hergestellten Fliesen unter ihr hindurchgehen können, wobei das flache untere Element (11) nach jedem Pressvorgang in Kombination mit dem Anheben der Matrizenplatte (35) horizontal bewegt wird, um die hergestellte Fliese von dem unter der oberen Matrize liegenden Bereich zu entfernen, wobei sie weiterhin mindestens eine an dem stromaufwärts liegenden Ende des flachen unteren Elementes (11) positionierte Dekorationseinrichtung (20A,20B,20C) zum Auftragen einer Folge dekorativer Schichten auf der oberen Fläche desselben aufweist.
  2. Maschine zur Herstellung von Keramikfliesen nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das flache untere Element durch ein relativ dünnes Endlosband (11) gebildet ist, welches über mindestens zwei Endrollen läuft, so dass es das Band einer Bandfördervorrichtung festlegt.
  3. Maschine zur Herstellung von Keramikfliesen nach Anspruch 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das Band (11) mit mindestens einem Satz regelmäßig verteilter Löcher (12) versehen ist, die sich an einer der Längskanten des Bandes entlang erstrecken, um in entsprechenden Zähnen auf den Rollen (13) in Eingriff zu gehen.
  4. Maschine zur Herstellung von Keramikfliesen nach Anspruch 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die obere Fläche des Bandes (11) mit einem Antihaftmaterial beschichtet ist.
  5. Maschine zur Herstellung von Keramikfliesen nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    es sich bei den Ladeeinrichtungen um einen mit einem Gitter für homogene Werkstoffverteilung versehenen Ladeschlitten (41) handelt, der sich mit einer Hin- und Herbewegung auf einer fixierten horizontalen Bewegungsfläche (45) entlangbewegt.
  6. Verfahren zur Herstellung von dekorierten Fliesen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    es die folgenden Vorgänge umfasst:
    - Ablagerung einer Folge nach unten ausgerichteter dekorativer Schichten auf Abschnitten eines flachen unteren Elementes (11), welches stromaufwärts des Bereiches positioniert ist, in dem die Abschnitte eine Matrizenplatte
    - Bereitstellung eines Pressformhohlraumes mit einer unten offenen Pressformmatrizenplatte (35), die auf dem von einer Trägerfläche (31) getragenen, aus genügend druckfestem Werkstoff bestehenden, flachen unteren Element (11) ruht, und schrittweise darauf bewegbar ist;
    - Ablagerung von Fliesenherstellungswerkstoff in dem Pressformhohlraum;
    - Ausübung eines Pressvorgangs auf den Fliesenherstellungswerkstoff;
    - Anheben der Matrizenplatte (35) und Bewegen des flachen unteren Elementes um einen weiteren Schritt, um die Fliese von dem unter der Matrizenplatte (35) liegenden Bereich zu entfernen;
    - Antreiben des flachen unteren Elementes (11), so dass ein Abschnitt des flachen unteren Elementes (11) entsprechend einem Vorrückschritt gleichzeitig unter die unten offene Pressformmatrizenplatte (35) gebracht wird;
    - Absenken der unten offenen Pressformmatrizenplatte (35) in Berührung mit dem flachen Element, um den Pressformhohlraum für den nächsten Vorgang festzulegen.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    zur Herstellung komplexer Dekorationen auf der Fliese mehrere übereinanderliegende Schichten abgelagert werden, wobei eine Schicht zuerst auf dem flachen unteren Element (11) abgelagert wird, dann auf dieser Schicht die dekorativen Schichten in absteigender Folge abgelagert werden, die darunter auf der Fliese liegen sollen.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    zum Herausziehen der Fliese von der Matrizenplatte die Matrizenplatte (35) zuerst angehoben wird, während die Matrize mit einem Auflagepressdruck auf der Fliese verbleibt, die dadurch aus der Matrizenplatte (35) herausgedrängt und -geführt wird.
EP99200471A 1998-03-02 1999-02-18 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von keramischen Fliesen Expired - Lifetime EP0940234B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITRE980022 1998-03-02
IT1998RE000022A IT1303926B1 (it) 1998-03-02 1998-03-02 Metodo e mezzi per la formatura di piastrelle ceramiche.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0940234A2 EP0940234A2 (de) 1999-09-08
EP0940234A3 EP0940234A3 (de) 2000-03-29
EP0940234B1 true EP0940234B1 (de) 2004-04-28

Family

ID=11399186

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99200471A Expired - Lifetime EP0940234B1 (de) 1998-03-02 1999-02-18 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von keramischen Fliesen

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0940234B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE265297T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69916688T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2216433T3 (de)
IT (1) IT1303926B1 (de)
PT (1) PT940234E (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111873166A (zh) * 2020-08-14 2020-11-03 池国奇 一种自动化的空心板制作设备

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2217941B1 (es) * 2002-11-12 2005-11-01 Ceramica Piera, S.L. Maquina para la fabricacion de ladrillos.
ITUD20120204A1 (it) * 2012-11-30 2014-05-31 G M F S R L Macchina per la produzione di mattonelle cementizie
CN108858685A (zh) * 2018-09-18 2018-11-23 湖南中利福机械有限公司 一种免托板出砖装置及静压砌块成型机
CN108995017A (zh) * 2018-09-18 2018-12-14 湖南中利福机械有限公司 一种免托板静压砌块成型机
CN110091416A (zh) * 2019-02-21 2019-08-06 广东科达洁能股份有限公司 一种大规格压砖模具及压砖方法
CN110712271A (zh) * 2019-10-11 2020-01-21 佛山市恒力泰机械有限公司 一种超大规格陶瓷板智能成型成套装备及成型工艺
CN111592370A (zh) * 2020-06-03 2020-08-28 朱振朋 一种高强度多孔陶瓷材料的制备工艺
CN113210553B (zh) * 2021-06-02 2023-04-25 中冶建工集团有限公司 预应力多孔锚具加工设备及工艺
CN113305999B (zh) * 2021-06-09 2022-04-12 福建群峰机械有限公司 制砖设备及制砖工艺

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US3274309A (en) * 1965-06-01 1966-09-20 Schreieck Walter Method for producing building elements and especially building stones of sintered material or the like
DE2242168A1 (de) * 1972-08-26 1974-03-07 Krupp Gmbh Vorrichtung zur herstellung von formpresslingen
DE2244449A1 (de) * 1972-09-11 1974-04-25 Helmut Fache Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von keramischen platten
DE7504296U (de) * 1975-02-13 1975-06-19 Schneider W Füllvorrichtung für Steinformmaschinen
FR2688162B1 (fr) * 1992-03-04 1995-06-16 Demler Sa Procede pour fabriquer des elements en beton moule sous pression et appareil pour la mise en óoeuvre de ce procede.
IT1269274B (it) * 1994-11-22 1997-03-26 Carlo Antonio Camorani Metodo per la formatura di piastrelle ceramiche ed impianto relativo
IT1287505B1 (it) * 1996-11-22 1998-08-06 Algeri Maris Metodo e mezzi per la pressatura di piastrelle ceramiche.

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111873166A (zh) * 2020-08-14 2020-11-03 池国奇 一种自动化的空心板制作设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE265297T1 (de) 2004-05-15
IT1303926B1 (it) 2001-03-01
EP0940234A2 (de) 1999-09-08
DE69916688T2 (de) 2004-09-23
ES2216433T3 (es) 2004-10-16
PT940234E (pt) 2004-09-30
DE69916688D1 (de) 2004-06-03
EP0940234A3 (de) 2000-03-29
ITRE980022A1 (it) 1999-09-02

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