EP0558835B1 - Biologisch abbaubare Schmieröle und funktionelle Flüssigkeiten - Google Patents

Biologisch abbaubare Schmieröle und funktionelle Flüssigkeiten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0558835B1
EP0558835B1 EP92300777A EP92300777A EP0558835B1 EP 0558835 B1 EP0558835 B1 EP 0558835B1 EP 92300777 A EP92300777 A EP 92300777A EP 92300777 A EP92300777 A EP 92300777A EP 0558835 B1 EP0558835 B1 EP 0558835B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oil
oils
composition according
biodegradable
substantially biodegradable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP92300777A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0558835A1 (de
Inventor
Charles Platteau
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BP Corp North America Inc
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BP Corp North America Inc
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Priority to ES92300777T priority Critical patent/ES2158843T3/es
Priority to EP92300777A priority patent/EP0558835B1/de
Priority to DE69231820T priority patent/DE69231820T2/de
Publication of EP0558835A1 publication Critical patent/EP0558835A1/de
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
    • C10N2040/28—Rotary engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/32—Wires, ropes or cables lubricants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/34—Lubricating-sealants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/36—Release agents or mold release agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/38—Conveyors or chain belts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/40—Generators or electric motors in oil or gas winning field
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/42—Flashing oils or marking oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/44—Super vacuum or supercritical use
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/50—Medical uses

Definitions

  • formulated mineral oil lubricants and functional fluids can be harmful to the environment, since in most cases they are not acceptably biodegradable. Yet, in many cases, only hydrocarbonaceous fluids were deemed to possess the requisite combination of properties for the purposes at hand and to meet the economic parameters involved in the production and usage of such products.
  • synthetic ester oils and natural oils such as rapeseed oil possess shortcomings with respect to such properties as oxidative stability (especially at elevated use temperatures), hydrolytic stability, filterability, and demulsibility.
  • This invention involves, inter alia, the truly surprising discovery that certain unhydrogenated oligomers of 1-alkene hydrocarbons are substantially biodegradable upon exposure to microbiological agents of types widely available in the environment.
  • lubricating oils and functional fluids are released into the environment, accidentally or otherwise, the provision and the use of lubricants and functional fluids containing such unhydrogenated 1-olefin hydrocarbon oligomers can contribute materially to environmental protection. And moreover, such provision and such usage can be achieved without devastating consequences insofar as requisite performance properties and economic considerations are concerned.
  • the improvement which comprises providing for use as the lubricating oil or functional fluid a substantially biodegradable lubricating oil or functional fluid at least 10 percent by volume of which is composed of at least one substantially biodegradable unhydrogenated liquid hydrocarbon of lubricating viscosity containing at least 90% of dimer, and or co-dimer formed by oligomerization using a water- or alcohol-promoted Friedel-Crafts catalyst of a linear 1-alkene hydrocarbon having 6 to 20 carbon atoms in the molecule together with at least one oleaginous biodegradable material.
  • the improvement in such operation comprises using or utilizing as the lubricating oil or functional fluid in such operation a substantially biodegradable lubricating oil or functional fluid at least 10 percent by volume of which is composed of at least one substantially biodegradable unhydrogenated liquid hydrocarbon of lubricating viscosity containing at least 90% of dimer, and or co-dimer formed by oligomerization using a water- or alcohol-promoted Friedel-Crafts catalyst of a linear 1-alkene hydrocarbon having 6 to 20 carbon atoms in the molecule.
  • substantially biodegradable in this specification and in the appended claims is meant that the oleaginous liquid in question has a biodegradability when tested and reported in accordance with test method CEC L-33-T-82 above 20%, preferably at least 30%, and more preferably at least 40%, and most preferably at least 50%.
  • functional fluid as used in the specification and claims includes solvents and/or carrier fluids (e.g., for agricultural sprays or formulations) as well as hydraulic fluids, quenching oils, cutting oils, machining oils, transformer oils, and the like.
  • FIG. 1 For embodiments of this invention, include a substantially biodegradable lubricating oil or functional fluid composition which comprises at least 10% by volume of at least one substantially biodegradable unhydrogenated liquid hydrocarbon of the type described above, together with the oleaginous material.
  • the substantially biodegradable lubricating oil or functional fluid composition of the type described above may come in contact with at least one microbiological agent capable of causing biodegradation of at least a substantial portion of the substantially biodegradable unhydrogenated liquid hydrocarbon of which such lubricating oil or functional fluid composition is comprised.
  • such microbiological agent can be in the earth or in a body of water.
  • the advantages of this invention are the surprising substantial biodegradability of the unhydrogenated 1-olefin oligomeric lubricants and functional fluids utilized in accordance with this invention, together with the combination of desirable properties which they possess.
  • the substantially biodegradable unhydrogenated poly- ⁇ -olefin lubricants and functional fluids of this invention possess in general better low temperature properties than comparable mineral oils.
  • the substantially biodegradable lubricants and functional fluids of this invention generally possess better hydrolytic stability (e.g., in the ASTM hydrolytic stability test D 2619), superior filterability (e.g., in a wet filtration test), and better demulsibilty (e.g., in the ASTM demulsibility test D 1401).
  • unhydrogenated 1-alkene hydrocarbon liquid oligomers meet the substantially biodegradable requirements of this invention as above specified.
  • recourse should be had to the simple expedient of subjecting the prospective unhydrogenated 1-alkene liquid oligomer to the CEC L-33-T-82 test procedure in the manner therein specified to determine the % biodegradability of the oligomer under consideration.
  • unhydrogenated liquid oligomers of linear 1-alkenes containing at least 50% dimer, trimer, and/or tetramer formed using a water or alcohol promoted Friedel-Crafts catalyst tend to possess the requisite biodegradability to be classified as substantially biodegradable.
  • the 1-alkenes used to form such oligomers should contain from 6 to 20 carbon and preferably from 8 to 16 carbon atoms in the molecule.
  • such 1-alkenes should be linear (i.e., substantially free of branching and cyclization).
  • oligomeric 1-alkene hydrocarbons are known and reported in the literature. See for example U. S. Pat. Nos. 3,763,244; 3,780,128; 4,172,855; and 4,218,330, omitting, of course the teachings therein concerning hydrogenation of the oligomers.
  • unhydrogenated oligomers of this type contain residual ethylenic unsaturation.
  • Preferred oligomers are formed by use of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst (especially boron trifluoride promoted with water or a C 1-20 alkanol) using oligomerization procedures such as are described in the foregoing U. S. patents.
  • catalyst systems which may also be used to form oligomers of 1-alkene hydrocarbons, which provide lubricants and functional fluids which may be substantially biodegradable, include Ziegler catalysts such as ethyl aluminum sesquichloride with titanium tetrachloride, aluminum alkyl catalysts, chromium oxide catalysts on silica or alumina supports and a system in which a boron trifluoride catalyst oligomerization is followed by treatment with an organic peroxide.
  • Ziegler catalysts such as ethyl aluminum sesquichloride with titanium tetrachloride, aluminum alkyl catalysts, chromium oxide catalysts on silica or alumina supports and a system in which a boron trifluoride catalyst oligomerization is followed by treatment with an organic peroxide.
  • blends of one or more sufficiently biodegradable liquid unhydrogenated 1-alkene oligomers are used in combination with other oleaginous materials which are themselves sufficiently biodegradable such that the resultant blend meets the biodegradability requirement of this invention, and provided further that the resultant blend possesses the requisite compatibility, stability and performance criteria for the use for which the blend is designed, formulated, and provided.
  • Illustrative non-oligomeric oils and fluids of lubricating viscosity which can be used in formulating substantially biodegradable lubricating oil and/or functional fluid blends pursuant to this invention, include synthetic esters such as mixed C 9 and C 11 dialkylphthalates (e.g., ICI Emkarate 911P ester oil), trimethylol propane trioleate, di-(isotridecyl)-adipate (e.g., BASF Glissofluid A13), pentaerythritol tetraheptanoate and the like; substantially biodegradable liquid hydrogenated 1-alkene oligomers such as ETHYLFLO 162, 164 and 166 poly-alpha-olefin oils and blends thereof (Ethyl Corporation; Ethyl S.A.; Ethyl Canada Limited); and liquid natural fatty oils and esters such as castor oil, olive oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sesame oil, cottons
  • mineral oils in blends with one or more substantially biodegradable linear 1-alkene hydrocarbon oligomers, and such blends may in turn contain one or more other base oils (synthetic ester, polyalkylene glycol, hydrogenated poly-alpha-olefin oil, natural fatty oil or ester, etc.), provided that the overall blend is itself substantially biodegradable.
  • base oils synthetic ester, polyalkylene glycol, hydrogenated poly-alpha-olefin oil, natural fatty oil or ester, etc.
  • the amount of mineral oil which can be present in the foregoing blends will depend in large measure upon the structural and molecular characteristics of the mineral oil, such as the amount of methyl-branched and cyclic species present, configurations which resist biodegradation. Accordingly in any given situation recourse should be had to the CEC L-33-T-72 test procedure to insure that the proposed amount of the proposed mineral oil in the proposed overall blend does not prevent the overall blend from being substantially biodegradable.
  • this invention provides in accordance with preferred embodiments thereof, novel compositions which facilitate the detection of leakage and other excessive releases of lubricant and/or functional fluid to the environment.
  • novel compositions which facilitate the detection of leakage and other excessive releases of lubricant and/or functional fluid to the environment.
  • the lubricant or functional fluid composition is not biodegradable, early detection of such leakage or excessive release thereof to the environment enables prompt remedial action to be taken to arrest further leakage or excessive release to the environment.
  • substantially biodegradable lubricating oil or functional fluid compositions which comprise a major proportion of an oleaginous fluid containing a small visually-perceptible chromophoric quantity of an oil-soluble chromophoric substance.
  • Such oleaginous fluid comprises by volume at least 10 percent, preferably at least 25 percent, more preferably at least 50 percent, still more preferably at least 75 percent, and most preferably 90 percent or more of at least one substantially biodegradable unhydrogenated liquid hydrocarbon of lubricating viscosity formed by oligomerization of 1-alkene hydrocarbon having 6 to 20 carbon atoms in the molecule, and hydrogenation of oligomer so formed.
  • the chromophoric substance employed has a maximum absorption wavelength within the range of 300 to 650 millimicrons (0.30 to 0.65 ⁇ m).
  • Typical, but preferred, chromophoric substances have maximum absorption wavelengths respectively of 400, 420, 515, 518, and 640 millimicrons (0.40, 0.42, 0.515, 0.518 and 0.64 ⁇ m).
  • a particularly preferred chromaphoric substance is comprised of a mixture of two chromophoric compounds, one having a maximum absorption wavelength of about 420 millimicrons (0.42 ⁇ m) and the other a maximum absorption wavelength of about 640 millimicrons (0.64 ⁇ m), whereby the product has a green coloration.
  • Chromophoric lubricant and functional fluid base oil compositions are formed by blending with the synthetic lubricating oils as described in Examples 1 and 2, 0.01% of a methyl derivative of azobenzene-4-azo-2-naphthol having a maximum absorption wavelength of 518 millimicrons (0.518 ⁇ m) and an approximate pour point of -26°C (C.I. Solvent Red 164). Leakage or spillage of these substantially biodegradable lubricant compositions is readily perceived by the naked eye.
  • Chromophoric lubricant and functional fluid base oil compositions are formed by blending with the synthetic lubricating oils as described in Examples 1 and 2, 0.02% of a mixture of p-diethylaminoazobenzene having a maximum absorption wavelength of 420 millimicrons (0.42 ⁇ m) and 1,4-diisopropylaminoanthraquinone having a maximum absorption wavelength of 640 millimicrons (0.64 ⁇ m) and an approximate pour point of -46°C. Leakage or spillage of these substantially biodegradable lubricant compositions is readily perceived visually.
  • Chromophoric lubricant and functional fluid base oil compositions are formed by blending with the synthetic lubricating oils as described in Examples 1 and 2, 0.025% of benzene-azo-2-naphthol having a maximum absorption wavelength of 400 millimicrons (0.40 ⁇ m) and an approximate pour point of -23°C. Leakage or spillage of these substantially biodegradable lubricant compositions is readily perceived visually.
  • Chromophoric substantially biodegradable base oil compositions are formed by dissolving the combination of Hoechst Fat Blue B at a concentration equivalent to 0.04g/400mL and Hoechst Fat Yellow 3 G at a concentration equivalent to 0.10 g/400mL into the fluid compositions described in Examples 1 and 2.
  • base oils When in contact with microbiological agents in the natural environment (soil or water) such base oils are substantially biodegraded into innocuous materials.
  • the substantially biodegradable lubricants and functional fluids of this invention can be employed in a wide variety of applications.
  • they can be employed as base oils for crankcase lubricants, automotive gear lubricants, transmission oils, hydraulic oils, paper mill oils, compressor oils, outboard motor lubricants (2-cycle oils), chain saw lubricants, carriers for herbicides and plant growth regulants, and for other similar uses.
  • the substantially biodegradable base oils of this invention are released into the environment, accidentally or otherwise, and come in contact with microbiological agents in the natural environment, the oils are substantially biodegraded and thus such oils are much less offensive to the environment than substantially non-biodegradable base oils.
  • Well known additives which may be included in the compositions of this invention include the zinc dialkyl (C 3 -C 10 ), dicycloalkyl (C 5 -C 20 ), and/or diaryl (C 6 -C 20 ) dithiophosphate wear inhibitors, generally present in amounts of about 0.5 to 5 weight percent.
  • Useful detergents include the oil-soluble normal basic or overbased metal, e.g., calcium, magnesium,.
  • Gasoline engine crankcase lubricants typically contain, for example, from 0.5 to 5 weight percent of one or more detergent additives.
  • Diesel engine crankcase oils may contain substantially higher levels of detergent additives.
  • Preferred detergents are the calcium and magnesium normal or overbased phenates, sulfurized phenates or sulfonates.
  • Pour point depressants which may be present in amounts of from 0.01 to 2 weight percent include wax alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons, olefin polymers and copolymers, and acrylate and methacrylate polymers and copolymers.
  • Viscosity index improvers the concentrations of which may vary in the lubricants from 0.2 to 15 weight percent, (preferably from about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent) depending on the viscosity grade required, include hydrocarbon polymers grafted with, for example, nitrogen-containing monomers, olefin polymers such as polybutene, ethylene-propylene copolymers, unhydrogenated polymers and copolymers and terpolymers of styrene with isoprene and/or butadiene, polymers of alkyl acrylates or alkyl methacrylates, copolymers of alkyl methacrylates with N-vinyl pyrrolidone or dimethylaminoalkyl methacrylate, post-grafted polymers of ethylene-propylene with an active monomer such as maleic anhydride which may be further reacted with an alcohol or an alkylene polyamine, styrene/maleic anhydride polymers post-treated with alcohols and
  • Antiwear activity can be provided by about 0.01 to 2 weight percent in the oil of the aforementioned metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates and the corresponding precursor esters, phosphosulfurized pinenes, sulfurized olefins and hydrocarbons, sulfurized fatty esters and alkyl polysulphides.
  • Preferred are the zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates which are salts of dihydrocarbyl esters of dithiophosphoric acids.
  • additives include effective amounts of friction modifiers or fuel economy additives such as the alkyl phosphonates as disclosed in U.S. 4,356,097, aliphatic hydrocarbyl substituted succinimides as disclosed in EPO 0020037, dimer acid esters, as disclosed in U.S. 4,105,571, oleamide, etc., which are present in the oil in amounts of 0.1 to 5 weight percent.
  • fuel economy additives such as the alkyl phosphonates as disclosed in U.S. 4,356,097, aliphatic hydrocarbyl substituted succinimides as disclosed in EPO 0020037, dimer acid esters, as disclosed in U.S. 4,105,571, oleamide, etc.
  • Glycerol oleates are another example of fuel economy additives and these are usually present in very small amounts, such as 0.05 to 0.2 weight percent based on the weight of the formulated oil.
  • Antioxidants or thermal stabilizers which may be used include hindered phenols, methylene-bridged polyphenols, aromatic amine antioxidants, sulfurized phenols, alkyl phenothiazines, substituted triazines and ureas, and copper compounds such as copper naphthenate and copper oleate, among others. Phenolic antioxidants are preferred.
  • Detergents and dispersants can also be used in the compositions of this invention, again subject to the proviso that the material used not interfere with the substantial biodegradability of the overall composition.
  • Typical dispersants include the reaction products of hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agents such as alkenyl- or alkyl- substituted succinic acid or anhydride with amines, phenols, alcohols, aminoalcohols, or basic inorganic materials.
  • Polyisobutenyl succinimides of alkylene polyamines are preferred dispersants of this type.
  • Mannich reaction products are another type of useful ashless dispersant.
  • Dispersants of this type are described for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,459,112; 2,962,442; 2,984,550; 3,036,003; 3,166,516; 3,236,770; 3,355,270; 3,368,972; 3,413,347; 3,442,808; 3,448,047; 3,454,497; 3,459,661; 3,461,172; 3,493,520; 3,539,633; 3,558,743; 3,586,629; 3,591,598; 3,600,372; 3,634,515; 3,649,229; 3,697,574; 3,725,277; 3,725,480; 3,726,882; and 3,980,569.
  • Polymeric dispersants such as interpolymers of decyl methacrylate, vinyl decyl ether and high molecular weight olefins with monomers containing polar substituents, e.g., aminoalkyl acrylates or acrylamides, and poly(oxyethylene) acrylates.
  • polar substituents e.g., aminoalkyl acrylates or acrylamides
  • poly(oxyethylene) acrylates Typical materials of this general type are described, for example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,329,658; 3,449,250; 3,519,565; 3,666,730; 3,687,849; and 3,702,300.
  • Extreme pressure agents which also have corrosioninhibiting and oxidation-inhibiting properties can also be used. These include chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorinated wax; organic sulphides and polysulphides such as benzyl disulphide, bis(chlorobenzyl)disulphide, dibutyl tetrasulphide, sulfurized methyl ester of oleic acid, sulfurized alkylphenol, sulfurized dipentene, and sulfurized terpene; phosphosulfurized hydrocarbons such as the reaction product of a phosphorus sulphide with turpentine or methyl oleate, phosphorus esters including principally dihydrocarbon and trihydrocarbon phosphites such as dibutyl phosphite, diheptyl phosphite, dicyclohexyl phosphite, pentylphenyl phosphite, dipentylphenyl phosphite, tridec
  • Zinc dialkylphosphorodithioates are a well known example.
  • Tackiness additives such as HITEC® 151 Additive (Ethyl Corporation; Ethyl S.A.; Ethyl Canada Limited) are also useful.
  • Other well known components such as rust inhibitors, wax modifiers, foam inhibitors, copper passivators, sulfur scavengers, seal swell agents, color stabilizers, and like materials can be included in the compositions of this invention, provided of course that they are compatible with the base lubricant and the other component or components being employed.

Claims (7)

  1. Im wesentlichen bioabbaubare Schmieröl- oder funktionelle Fluid-Zusammensetzung, welche mindestens 10 Vol.-% von mindestens einem im wesentlichen bioabbaubaren unhydrierten flüssigen Kohlenwasserstoff von schmierfähiger Viskosität, enthaltend mindestens 90 % Dimer oder Co-Dimer und gebildet durch Oligomerisieren, unter Verwendung eines Wasser- oder Alkohol-beschleunigten Friedel-Crafts-Katalysators, eines linearen l-Alken-Kohlenwasserstoffs mit 6 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen im Molekül, zusammen mit mindestens einem bioabbaubaren ölartigen Material umfaßt.
  2. Zusammensetzung gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei der mindestens eine im wesentlichen bioabbaubare flüssige Kohlenwasserstoff eine kleine visuell wahrnehmbare chromophore Menge mindestens einer in Öl löslichen chromophoren Substanz enthält.
  3. Zusammensetzung gemäß Anspruch 2, wobei die mindestens eine in Öl lösliche chromophore Substanz eine Maximum-Absorptionswellenlänge innerhalb des Bereichs von 300 bis 700 Millimikron (0,3 bis 0,7 µm) aufweist.
  4. Zusammensetzung gemäß Anspruch 3, wobei die mindestens eine in Öl lösliche chromophore Substanz eine Kombination von zwei derartigen Substanzen umfaßt, von denen die eine eine Maximum-Absorptionswellenlänge von etwa 420 Millimikron (0,42 µm) und die andere eine Maximum-Absorptionswellenlänge von etwa 640 Millimikron (0,64 µm) besitzt, wodurch das Produkt eine grüne Färbung aufweist.
  5. Zusammensetzung gemäß mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das ölartige Material ein nicht-oligomeres Öl oder Fluid ist.
  6. Zusammensetzung gemäß Anspruch 5, wobei das nicht-oligomere Öl oder Fluid ein synthetischer Ester oder ein natürliches Fettöl oder -ester ist.
  7. Zusammensetzung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das ölartige Material ein Mineralöl ist.
EP92300777A 1992-01-30 1992-01-30 Biologisch abbaubare Schmieröle und funktionelle Flüssigkeiten Expired - Lifetime EP0558835B1 (de)

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DE69231820D1 (de) 2001-06-13
DE69231820T2 (de) 2001-08-23
EP0558835A1 (de) 1993-09-08

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