EP0543052A1 - Anlage zum Herstellen von biologisch abbaubaren und biologisch nicht abbaubaren Produkten und das entsprechende Verfahren - Google Patents

Anlage zum Herstellen von biologisch abbaubaren und biologisch nicht abbaubaren Produkten und das entsprechende Verfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0543052A1
EP0543052A1 EP91119949A EP91119949A EP0543052A1 EP 0543052 A1 EP0543052 A1 EP 0543052A1 EP 91119949 A EP91119949 A EP 91119949A EP 91119949 A EP91119949 A EP 91119949A EP 0543052 A1 EP0543052 A1 EP 0543052A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cellulose
assembly
biodegradable
adhesives
plant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91119949A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Roberto Meroni
Mirko Marchiori
Luciano Casasola
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cerit Sarl
Original Assignee
Cerit Sarl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cerit Sarl filed Critical Cerit Sarl
Priority to EP91119949A priority Critical patent/EP0543052A1/de
Publication of EP0543052A1 publication Critical patent/EP0543052A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/10—Moulding of mats
    • B27N3/14—Distributing or orienting the particles or fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/007—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres and at least partly composed of recycled material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/06—Making particle boards or fibreboards, with preformed covering layers, the particles or fibres being compressed with the layers to a board in one single pressing operation

Definitions

  • This invention concerns a plant to make biodegradable and non-biodegradable products and concerns also a method to make such products.
  • the invention concerns a plant and relative method to make continuously products which are biodegradable and not biodegradable and can be continuously recycled, starting with material having a cellulose base.
  • the raw materials used are by-products of the processing of cellulose-based materials, such as the processing of paper, cardboard, etc., or are paper, cardboard and any cellulose-based materials coming from the separated collection of solid urban and/or industrial wastes.
  • the method of the invention enables products to be made of any shape and size which can be employed in various usage fields.
  • biodegradable products can be employed advantageously in the packaging field
  • non-biodegradable products are used advantageously in the form of panels, partitions, tiles, sound-proofing panels and bearing structures in the building field and in furnishing, in the fabrication of furniture, for instance.
  • the invention concerns also a product made with the above method and plant.
  • GB-A-2,162,556 discloses a method to fabricate a continuous sheet, starting with wood chips; this continuous sheet is used to control erosion of the soil and is possibly reinforced by applying a sheet to one of its outer surfaces.
  • US-A-3,932,319 concerns the production of a material which contains in various proportions at least a mixture of a biodegradable product, a biodegradable thermoplastic polymer containing at least two alkyl groups and various other substances including plastic additives, inert fillers and mixtures of the same. This document, however, does not disclose the method used to make this product.
  • US-A-3,878,994 concerns the recovery, shredding, separation and screening, cleaning, wetting and possible compacting of pieces of recovered wood, but this method does not lead to the production of a material having variable characteristics; the outcome of this processing is still a mass of pieces of wood prepared for successive use.
  • US-A-3,741,863 discloses a method to fabricate a panel of fibres by using cellulose products recovered from wastes. This method covers a series of processings including the crushing and drying of the wastes, the separation, screening and subsequent heating of the cellulose wastes until they have been sterilised, the individual separation of the fibres and the addition of resins to bond the fibres into a mat, which is heated and pressed thereafter to form a compact panel of fibres.
  • the heating temperature in this method should be higher than 170°C to enable the cellulose starting material to be reduced to its individual initial fibres.
  • EP-A-0081147 discloses the construction of chipboard panels possibly decorated on their outside but makes no reference to a recovered material or recovery process.
  • the purpose of this invention is to provide a plant and connected method to make biodegradable and non-biodegradable products which can be recycled continuously by employing, as a raw material, the waste materials of the processing of paper, cardboard and, more generally, materials based on cellulose, such as paper and cardboard coming from the separated collection of solid urban and/or industrial wastes.
  • the products made with the method according to the invention may have very different mechanical properties (density, hardness, compression strength, tensile strength, etc.) and aesthetic properties (sizes, thickness, shape, colour, coatings, type of surface, etc.) according to the use for which the end product made with this method is intended.
  • the product made with the method according to the invention can be employed in a great variety of fields depending on its composition (percentage and type of adhesive; percentage and type of the cellulose-based material), on the operational conditions (temperature, pressure, humidity, duration of the various steps, etc.) and on the shape and size of the particles employed.
  • the product made can be employed for packaging instead of corrugated cardboard or for the production of corner-protective elements, for building work as sound-proofing panels, partitions, tiles, etc. and in the furnishing field to constitute bearing structures or base panels, shelving, etc.
  • the product can possess widely varying forms such as sheets, plates, tiles, panels, structural sections of any shape, etc. or any other form.
  • the cellulose components of the product can also be mixed with additional substances, whether biodegradable or not, so as to impart special properties, such as strength or other properties, to the final product.
  • Special protective or ornamental properties can also be imparted to the products thus made by subjecting the products to auxiliary processes of finishing and/or external treatment.
  • the heating-pressing step is carried out by rolling a continuous carpet through a series of smooth, heated rolls, thus enabling a wound roll of cellulose-based material to be produced continuously.
  • the method according to the invention enables processing to be carried on continuously and an output to be achieved which is greater than the discontinuous cycle necessary when using a press.
  • the cellulose-based material undergoes an initial shredding step which reduces it into chips substantially formed as long or short strips, which undergo a parallelisation step during formation of the carpet.
  • Two or more pieces of carpet with parallelised fibres thus obtained can be advantageously rotated to lie at 90°, for instance, to each other and be superimposed on each other and pressed to form a multilayer panel possessing greater strength properties.
  • Another variant arranges that the steps of applying a resin and forming a carpet can be replaced by an extrusion step always followed by a pressing step to make a similar product.
  • auxiliary processing steps such as a possible coating of the product thus made with protective or ornamental finishing films or else the introduction of reinforcing substances during an initial step of mixing the by-products or also in a final pressing step.
  • a multiprofiled V-shaped plate can be produced in the pressing step and, being subsequently cut and trimmed, will provide as a final product an element to protect edges during packaging.
  • the basic processing parameters such as the temperature and pressure in the product-formation steps, the shape and sizes of the chips, the percentage and type of the adhesive, the percentage and type of the cellulose-based material, the orientation or not of the chips, can vary to suit the properties of the material employed and of the product to be made.
  • Fig.1 is a block diagram of a possible method 10 to make biodegradable and non-biodegradable products according to the invention.
  • the method 10 according to the invention comprises substantially the following steps:-
  • the cellulose-based material thus stored 11-12 undergoes, instead of the crushing steps 13-18, a shredding step 94 to produce chips shaped substantially as strips.
  • the paste undergoes a parallelisation step 95 in which the strip-like chips are arrayed in order substantially lengthwise.
  • the end product thus made possesses varying strength properties according to the orientation of the strips and enables a more or less strong end product to be obtained.
  • the fabrication method 10 according to the invention is continuous and the steps 32 to 35 are by-passed; the heating-pressing step 36 is replaced by a rolling step 96 through a rolling stand 99 equipped with a series of heated contrarotating rolls 100.
  • the product made according to this vaiant is, for instance, a continuous sheet which, when cooled 37 and trimmed lengthwise 38, is wound into a roll 97.
  • Fig.2 shows a diagram of a possible plant to carry out the cycle of processing by-products based on cellulose so as to obtain products of a desired shape for various methods of use.
  • cellulose-based material held in appropriate containers 42 is withdrawn and possibly mixed suitably.
  • the cellulose material then undergoes a step of coarse crushing 13, for instance by passing through a hammer mill 43, before undergoing a first screening in a screening station 44 to free the material of non-cellulose foreign substances 45, which are collected and discharged.
  • the crushing step 13 is carried out by a shredding machine 98, which breaks down the starting material into chips shaped substantially as long or short strips.
  • the crushed material passes into a pre-drier 46, for instance a drum-type pre-drier, which reduces the humidity to a desired value.
  • a pre-drier 46 for instance a drum-type pre-drier, which reduces the humidity to a desired value.
  • the material On leaving the pre-drier 46 the material is fed into a second screening means 47 before entering a second hammer mill 48, which reduces its piece size still further.
  • the material is then fed through a riddle 49, which separates the fraction of a desired granule size from the removable and normally powdered fraction, which will then be reused as described hereinafter.
  • the streams 51 having the desired granular size and leaving the various collection silos 52 are mixed in a mixer 55 before being fed into a drier 56, in which the material is brought to the required level of temperature and humidity.
  • the material thus dried undergoes a metering operation, for instance by means of a weighing balance 57, to measure the required quantity of material which is to undergo the subsequent processing steps.
  • the material thus metered undergoes a final screening step in a separator means 58 before being fed to an adhesive feeder assembly 59, which has the task of amalgamating the cellulose material with adhesives 60 in a substantially liquid state.
  • adhesives 60 when solidified, have the purpose of imparting the necessary mechanical strength to the finished product.
  • the adhesive feeder assembly 59 normally feeds resinous substances or glues 60 such as dextrin, starch, inorganic glues, silicates, carbonates, or natural products such as casein, or else non-biodegradable resins such as phenolic resins, urea resins, etc.
  • resinous substances or glues 60 such as dextrin, starch, inorganic glues, silicates, carbonates, or natural products such as casein, or else non-biodegradable resins such as phenolic resins, urea resins, etc.
  • These adhesives 60 can be employed by themselves alone or in mixtures, depending on the characteristics of the product to be made and on its density in particular.
  • the adhesive substances will be of a biodegradable or non-polluting type or non-biodegradable type according to the end usage for which the finished product is intended. For instance, if the finished product is to be used for packaging, biodegradable adhesives will be employed advantageously, whereas adhesives of a non-biodegradable type will be used advantageously for building work and in the construction of furniture.
  • the percentage of adhesives will be between 5% and 20% of the final product, and the adhesives will contain between about 15% and 50% of dry content.
  • the adhesives 60 are generally made ready in a preparing station 61, which includes substantially mixers, whether heated or not, in which the adhesives 60 receive additions of suitable solvents and/or water to provide the desired mixture.
  • the conformation of the preparing station 61 can change according to the many types of adhesives or resins to be prepared for the type of product to be made.
  • the adhesives 60 are fed to a homogenising and metering assembly 62 and then to a resining assembly 59, where the operation of amalgamation with the cellulose material takes place.
  • the resining assembly 59 comprises a first discharge 64 of the amalgamated material so as to feed the material to a forming assembly 65, which in this case consists of a lower conveyor belt 66 cooperating with an upper accompanying conveyor belt 67.
  • amalgamated material leaves the forming assembly 65 in the form of a continuous carpet 68, which is thick or thin according to requirements and is fed forwards to cooperate with an assembly 69 which shears pieces 76 to the desired size.
  • the pieces 76 sheared to size can be given a special shape by making them cooperate with a pre-forming assembly 70.
  • the pre-forming assembly 70 obtains angled elements for packaging purposes, such as a multi-profiled plate 71.
  • the multi-profiled plate 71 contains within it a continuous reinforcement, such as a band 72 or net or another suitable element of a biodegradable or non-biodegradable type, depending on the end use of the product, the reinforcement being suitably fed to increase the consistency of the assembly.
  • a continuous reinforcement such as a band 72 or net or another suitable element of a biodegradable or non-biodegradable type, depending on the end use of the product, the reinforcement being suitably fed to increase the consistency of the assembly.
  • the resining assembly 59 comprises a second discharge 73 of the amalgamated material downstream of the feed of the reinforcement 72.
  • a protective and/or decorative finishing film 74 is laid on at least one face of the multi-profiled plate 71.
  • the powdery material 75 can undergo equally well an independent resining operation by itself.
  • the powdery material 75 can then be spread on the multi-profiled plate 71 even in conjunction with the presence of the protective finishing film 74.
  • the sheared pieces 76, or the multi-profiled plate 71 in this example, are transferred to a feeder conveyor 77 which has the purpose of delivering the pieces 76 to a press 78, where the final hot-forming of the pieces 76 or multi-profiled plate 71 takes place.
  • the press 78 is suitably heated, by electrical resistors 79 in this case, to make possible the full cross-linking of the resin adhesive and to assist elimination of the water and solvents in the pieces 76 or multi-profiled plate 71.
  • the working temperature within the press can vary considerably, from 50° to 170° for instance, according to the characteristics of the particular type of glue or resin. In any event, the temperature normally does not exceed 170° so as to avoid degradation of the cellulose material.
  • the heating temperature should be such as to ensure polymerisation and cross-linking of the adhesives 60.
  • the temperature cycle of the pressing step will be such as to enable the starch to be baked and the water used as a solvent of the starch to be evaporated.
  • the heating temperature is about 150°, while the specific pressure of the press is less than 45 kgs/sq.cm.
  • the working pressures too can vary according to the desired density of the end product 82; for the final properties of the product depend on its density, as we said earlier.
  • the shape of the plate 71 can be varied as desired by merely replacing the mould and countermould of the press 78 and the pre-forming assembly 70 as necessary.
  • the pressed and shaped plate 71 leaves the press 78 and is cooled on a cooling bench 80, for instance by cold air jets, before being trimmed in a trimming station 81; in this case the multi-profiled plate 71 is slit lengthwise and crosswise in the trimming station 81 so as to form angle elements 82 of desired sizes.
  • the offcuts 63 from the trimming station 81 can be put back into the cycle advantageously by being fed to the hammer mill 43, while the angle products 82 are discharged and possibly packaged and stored on pallets.
  • Fig.3 shows a diagram of a plant to produce rolls 91 of cellulose material having a differentiated strength and employed for packaging.
  • the carpet 68 leaving the resining assembly 59 is fed to the forming assembly 65 consisting of the lower and upper conveyor belt 66-67.
  • the protective and/or decorative finishing film 74 coming from wound rolls 83 of film is applied to both faces of the carpet 68, which then undergoes a pressing and embossing step by being passed between two opposed rolls 84, which comprise on their outer surface a plurality of projections 85 in coordinated positions.
  • the embossed sheet 86 thus produced is then fed into a drying oven 87, which uses advantageously hot air and includes in this example switch rolls 88 and a plurality of drying drums 89 with which the embossed sheet 86 cooperates.
  • the embossed sheet 86 thus dried is cooled, by means of cold air jets on the cooling bench 80 for instance, and is then trimmed lengthwise by a trimming machine 90 and wound in rolls 91.
  • Fig.7 shows a section of the embossed sheet 86 thus produced, in which can be seen zones of greater density 92 and projections 93 of lesser density, which can be deformed to a greater extent and protect the object packaged.
  • the pair of the contrarotating embossing rolls 84 is replaced or preceded by a rolling stand 99 consisting of a series of heated, contrarotating, smooth rolls 100 having the purpose of forming a continuous sheet of cellulose materials coated on both faces by a protective and/or decorative finishing film 74 (see Fig.8).

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
EP91119949A 1991-11-22 1991-11-22 Anlage zum Herstellen von biologisch abbaubaren und biologisch nicht abbaubaren Produkten und das entsprechende Verfahren Withdrawn EP0543052A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP91119949A EP0543052A1 (de) 1991-11-22 1991-11-22 Anlage zum Herstellen von biologisch abbaubaren und biologisch nicht abbaubaren Produkten und das entsprechende Verfahren

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP91119949A EP0543052A1 (de) 1991-11-22 1991-11-22 Anlage zum Herstellen von biologisch abbaubaren und biologisch nicht abbaubaren Produkten und das entsprechende Verfahren

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EP0543052A1 true EP0543052A1 (de) 1993-05-26

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EP91119949A Withdrawn EP0543052A1 (de) 1991-11-22 1991-11-22 Anlage zum Herstellen von biologisch abbaubaren und biologisch nicht abbaubaren Produkten und das entsprechende Verfahren

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0735096A2 (de) * 1995-03-29 1996-10-02 Showa Highpolymer Co., Ltd. Massen auf Basis von Harnstoffharzen
WO2003022540A1 (de) * 2001-08-16 2003-03-20 Alexander Maksimow Verfahren zur herstellung im wesentlichen biologisch abbaubarer gegenstände
EP2915640A1 (de) * 2014-03-05 2015-09-09 Kronotec AG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer OSB-Platte
CN110405894A (zh) * 2019-06-20 2019-11-05 黄仕强 废旧纺织品,稻草秸秆加工新型板材和各种壳体的方法
CN114179187A (zh) * 2020-09-15 2022-03-15 精工爱普生株式会社 复合体、成形体以及成形体的制造方法
WO2024008383A1 (en) * 2022-07-08 2024-01-11 Pulpac AB Method for transporting a cellulose blank structure via a buffering module and buffering module

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2208236A (en) * 1936-12-16 1940-07-16 Johns Manville Method of making sheet products
US3741863A (en) * 1971-08-27 1973-06-26 Rust Eng Co Method of recycling waste cellulosic materials
US4364984A (en) * 1981-01-23 1982-12-21 Bison-Werke, Bahre & Greten Gmbh & Co., Kg Surfaced oriented strand board
EP0152837A2 (de) * 1984-02-03 1985-08-28 Casimir Kast GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren und Anlage zum Herstellen von Fasermatten als Ausgangsmaterial für Pressformteile
EP0252867A1 (de) * 1986-06-06 1988-01-13 Enigma N.V. Verfahren zur Verleimung von wasserdurchdringbaren Zelluloseteilchen
EP0318192A2 (de) * 1987-11-25 1989-05-31 Dow Corning Corporation Alkoxysilane enthaltende Emulsionsklebstoffe auf Polyvinylacetatbasis
WO1989011384A1 (en) * 1988-05-19 1989-11-30 Sven Fredriksson A sound absorbent and heat insulating fiber slab
EP0409525A2 (de) * 1989-07-21 1991-01-23 Fortifiber Corporation Apparat und Verfahren zum Herstellen von Pressplatten aus polymerbeschichtetem Papier mit Hilfe der Relativbewegung von gegenüberliegenden Bändern

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2208236A (en) * 1936-12-16 1940-07-16 Johns Manville Method of making sheet products
US3741863A (en) * 1971-08-27 1973-06-26 Rust Eng Co Method of recycling waste cellulosic materials
US4364984A (en) * 1981-01-23 1982-12-21 Bison-Werke, Bahre & Greten Gmbh & Co., Kg Surfaced oriented strand board
EP0152837A2 (de) * 1984-02-03 1985-08-28 Casimir Kast GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren und Anlage zum Herstellen von Fasermatten als Ausgangsmaterial für Pressformteile
EP0252867A1 (de) * 1986-06-06 1988-01-13 Enigma N.V. Verfahren zur Verleimung von wasserdurchdringbaren Zelluloseteilchen
EP0318192A2 (de) * 1987-11-25 1989-05-31 Dow Corning Corporation Alkoxysilane enthaltende Emulsionsklebstoffe auf Polyvinylacetatbasis
WO1989011384A1 (en) * 1988-05-19 1989-11-30 Sven Fredriksson A sound absorbent and heat insulating fiber slab
EP0409525A2 (de) * 1989-07-21 1991-01-23 Fortifiber Corporation Apparat und Verfahren zum Herstellen von Pressplatten aus polymerbeschichtetem Papier mit Hilfe der Relativbewegung von gegenüberliegenden Bändern

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0735096A2 (de) * 1995-03-29 1996-10-02 Showa Highpolymer Co., Ltd. Massen auf Basis von Harnstoffharzen
EP0735096A3 (de) * 1995-03-29 1999-01-20 Showa Highpolymer Co., Ltd. Massen auf Basis von Harnstoffharzen
WO2003022540A1 (de) * 2001-08-16 2003-03-20 Alexander Maksimow Verfahren zur herstellung im wesentlichen biologisch abbaubarer gegenstände
EP2915640A1 (de) * 2014-03-05 2015-09-09 Kronotec AG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer OSB-Platte
RU2668328C2 (ru) * 2014-03-05 2018-09-28 СВИСС КРОНО Тек АГ Способ изготовления ориентировано-стружечной плиты
CN110405894A (zh) * 2019-06-20 2019-11-05 黄仕强 废旧纺织品,稻草秸秆加工新型板材和各种壳体的方法
CN114179187A (zh) * 2020-09-15 2022-03-15 精工爱普生株式会社 复合体、成形体以及成形体的制造方法
CN114179187B (zh) * 2020-09-15 2023-01-10 精工爱普生株式会社 复合体、成形体以及成形体的制造方法
WO2024008383A1 (en) * 2022-07-08 2024-01-11 Pulpac AB Method for transporting a cellulose blank structure via a buffering module and buffering module

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