EP0527699B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour nettoyer et sécher des objets, en particulier des textiles - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour nettoyer et sécher des objets, en particulier des textiles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0527699B1
EP0527699B1 EP92810520A EP92810520A EP0527699B1 EP 0527699 B1 EP0527699 B1 EP 0527699B1 EP 92810520 A EP92810520 A EP 92810520A EP 92810520 A EP92810520 A EP 92810520A EP 0527699 B1 EP0527699 B1 EP 0527699B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
solvent
machine
cleaning
drum
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92810520A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0527699A1 (fr
Inventor
Ulrich Schaal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
REWATEC AG REINIGUNGS- und WASCHTECHNIK
Rewatec AG
Original Assignee
REWATEC AG REINIGUNGS- und WASCHTECHNIK
Rewatec AG
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Publication date
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Application filed by REWATEC AG REINIGUNGS- und WASCHTECHNIK, Rewatec AG filed Critical REWATEC AG REINIGUNGS- und WASCHTECHNIK
Publication of EP0527699A1 publication Critical patent/EP0527699A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0527699B1 publication Critical patent/EP0527699B1/fr
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F43/00—Dry-cleaning apparatus or methods using volatile solvents

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for cleaning and drying items to be treated, in particular textiles with a solvent in a cleaning machine.
  • the invention relates to a cleaning machine for material to be treated, for example textiles, for carrying out the method according to claim 1, with a rotatable, motor-driven drum for receiving the material to be treated.
  • a cleaning machine for material to be treated for example textiles
  • a rotatable, motor-driven drum for receiving the material to be treated.
  • chlorinated hydrocarbons are usually used as solvents and cleaning agents.
  • solvents work well, are non-flammable and therefore not explosive. It has turned out to be a disadvantage that such solvents in the volatilized state undesirably weaken or destroy the ozone layer located at great heights or are harmful to health. It is therefore desirable to refrain from using such a type of solvent or at least to restrict its use as far as possible. In some cases, official restrictions and bans have already been issued.
  • FR-A-321 542 (Barbe) from 1902, petrol or petrol is used as the cleaning liquid.
  • the process used here does not offer explosion protection.
  • the use of petrol and other non-halogenated or isoparaffinic hydrocarbons in certain saturated steam areas is potentially explosive. Gas-air mixtures are only explosive in a certain saturation range. If the mixture is too lean or too rich, there is no explosion.
  • the items of clothing to be cleaned are first treated with hot air in a dedusting device I and then brought into the washing and disinfecting device A. After the usual cleaning process with petrol, steam is let into the machine and afterwards (puis: p. 1, line 42) negative pressure is generated in the machine. Since this Barbe process heats up for the time being and only then creates a negative pressure, a very explosive gas and air mixture forms inside the machine. If a spark arises at this time, for example, when metallic clothing buttons or metal clothes buckles rub against each other or against the metallic drum wall, this is sufficient to cause an explosion with devastating consequences.
  • warm air with adjustable temperature is supplied from the heater B to the machine via a valve R. The mixture is then condensed in a condenser F outside the machine.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and a cleaning machine for cleaning and drying items to be treated, in particular textiles for dry cleaning, which is suitable for the use of flammable and thus explosive solvents.
  • the solvent concentration after the cleaning process is finished becomes too rich as a result of the generation of the negative pressure for an explosion to take place.
  • the cleaning machine according to the invention is characterized in that the housing surrounding the drum has a cambered door at least on one side, in which a fan and heating and cooling units are installed on the inside and means are available for the circulation of the air gas mixture between the perforated drum and the heating and cooling units.
  • the lowering of the pressure lowers the boiling point of the solvent, which means that the energy consumption is comparatively low.
  • the pressure reduction also enables rapid drying at elevated temperatures with a high recovery rate without the air-solvent mixture getting into the explosion area.
  • a lifting cylinder 30 connected to the wedge 32 is rigidly connected to the housing 8 by means of screws 46 via an elongated intermediate piece with a support 48.
  • a piston 31 which is fastened to the wedge 32 by means of a thread 36 via a lifting rod 34.
  • the wedge 32 cooperates with its inclined surface 36 with a stop 38 of the door 7.
  • the wedge angle ⁇ is chosen to be so small that self-locking occurs, ie that the wedge cannot loosen itself if the actuating force of the cylinder should fail due to a fault.
  • the angle ⁇ is preferably about 7 °.
  • This lifting unit is double-acting in that pressure medium can be supplied through one inlet line 33 for moving the piston 31 in one direction and pressure medium can be supplied through another inlet line 35 for movement in the other direction.
  • the print medium is controlled by a central, usually computerized control device.
  • Fig. 2 shows the water and solvent cycle.
  • the cooling water passes through a water connection 115 via a valve 109 to the cooling unit 5.
  • the drainage takes place via the water drainage line 117.
  • a further water supply line 116 takes place via a valve 111 to the combined heating-cooling unit 2 instead with an outlet via line 107.
  • this unit can be supplied to this unit 2 by a steam connection 118.
  • the outflow takes place via line 117.
  • a further steam line 119 leads via a valve 106 to a steam space distiller 114.
  • the condensate is discharged via line 110.
  • the water that flows through the cooling coil 104 of the tank 200 is fed to a water cutter 121 and then to a condenser 103.
  • the drainage takes place via the water drainage line 117.
  • the cleaning machine is designed to be explosion-proof, so that even in the unlikely event of an explosion inside the housing, no damage will occur or explosive gases will escape into the atmosphere.
  • the explosion pressure depends on the respective outlet pressure and - depending on the explosive substance used - is a maximum of 6-8 times the outlet pressure. Since the outlet pressure inside the drum is reduced due to the negative pressure generated, an explosion pressure would also be correspondingly lower.
  • a flammable and explosive hydrocarbon liquid preferably an isoparaffin
  • is used as the solvent for cleaning the material to be treated for example mixtures of aliphatic and naphthenic hydrocarbons in the range of C11-C12 or isoparaffinic hydrocarbons.
  • the solvent is then added to drum 1.
  • the cleaning process takes place by rotating the drum 1 at normal pressure and normal temperature, that is to say at a temperature substantially below the flash point of the solvent.
  • the solvent runs off and spins.
  • the liquid solvent enters the vessel 20.
  • the evacuation of the drum 1 is started in order to fall below the upper explosion limit at temperatures below the flash point or to reduce the outlet pressure in the event of a hypothetical explosion many times over .
  • the heating register 2 is now switched on.
  • the fan 3 When the negative pressure has reached a value of preferably about 230 mbar, the fan 3 is switched on. In the drying process now beginning, the remaining air-solvent mixture is circulated and heated in the evacuated drum 1. The fan 3 blows the mixture into the interior of the perforated drum 1 and, after flowing through the ring channel 17, passes behind the heating and cooling units in the form of a circuit back to the fan 3 is, this cooling unit 5 is activated. The return flow of the condensate is monitored and when practically all the solvent has evaporated from the material to be treated 4, the heat supply is interrupted and the heating unit 2 is converted into a cooling element by supplying cooling water. As a result, the remaining solvent vapors condense in a short time.
  • the air which still contains a solvent residue, passes from the collecting container 20 into the cooled vacuum pump 24, in which residual solvent condensation takes place.
  • the air which is practically free of solvent, leaves the vacuum pump 24 through the outlet opening 26. Thereafter, any solvent drops present are separated in a demister 201.
  • the evacuated drum can be dried safely above the flash point.
  • the negative pressure lowers the boiling point of the solvent by about 50 °.
  • Flammable liquids are known to be explosive only in a certain mixture range. No explosion can take place below and above this - depending on the composition - range.
  • the subsequent pressure drop in the drum causes the boiling point of the solvent is reduced by at least 50 ° C and there is a much higher solvent concentration inside the drum than at normal pressure and thus the explosion limit is exceeded.
  • this negative pressure means that in the hypothetical case of an explosion, the explosion pressure can only be many times lower than that of normal pressure.
  • the system can withstand this pressure due to its design.
  • this negative pressure favors the evaporation of the solvent from the material to be treated, since the reduction in pressure and the resulting lowering of the boiling point significantly increase the saturation limit.
  • the solvent is removed from the material to be treated much more thoroughly than would be the case at comparable temperatures under normal pressure.
  • the heated air-solvent mixture is too rich for an explosion.
  • the system is equipped with sensors which monitor temperature, vacuum and thus indirectly the formation of explosive mixture concentrations.

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé pour nettoyer et sécher du produit à traiter, notamment des textiles, par un solvant dans une machine de nettoyage, la machine étant chargée du produit à traiter (4) et la porte de chargement (7) étant fermée, avec addition d'un solvant combustible et explosif à une pression normale et à une température normale à l'intérieur de la machine, mise en oeuvre de l'opération de nettoyage et ensuite évacuation du solvant liquide, chauffage et mise sous vide de l'intérieur de la machine pour faire évaporer le solvant résiduel du produit à traiter, puis refroidissement et condensation du mélange d'air et de solvant et, après l'opération de séchage, mise de l'intérieur de la machine à la pression normale et décharge de la machine, caractérisé par le fait que le la mise sous vide de l'intérieur de la machine s'effectue avant le chauffage du mélange d'air et de solvant dans la machine, en obtenant, lors de l'évaporation du solvant résiduel du produit à traiter, tout en maintenant la dépression, une teneur en solvant, qui est trop riche pour l'explosion et ensuite, pendant la période de refroidissement, le mélange d'air et de solvant est refroidi dans la machine à une température inférieure au point d'inflammation avant que l'intérieur de la machine ne soit ramené à la pression normale.
  2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise comme solvant de l'hydrogène non halogéné, notamment des mélanges d'hydrocarbures naphténiques et aliphatiques ou des hydrocarbures isoparaffiniques.
  3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que pendant la phase de mise en dépression, le mélange d'air et desolvant est chauffé à l'intérieur de la machine à une température supérieure au point d'inflammation du solvant.
  4. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que pendant la phase de dépression, une pression absolue égale au maximum à 500 mbar et de préférence égale à environ 230 mbar est produite et que la condensation du mélange de l'air de solvant s'effectue pendant la phase de refroidissement, au moins partiellement à l'extérieur de la machine.
  5. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait qu'avant l'addition du solvant dans la machine, on exécute un contrôle d'étanchéité en dépression.
  6. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait qu'on produit une dépression telle que le point d'ébullition du solvant est abaissé d'au moins 40°C, et de préférence d'environ 50°C.
  7. Machine de nettoyage pour du produit à traiter, notamment des textiles, pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé suivant la revendication 1, comportant un tambour rotatif (1) entraîné par un moteur et qui sert à recevoir le produit à traiter (4), caractérisée par le fait que l'enveloppe (8), qui entoure le tambour (1), a au moins d'un côté une porte bombée (7), dans laquelle un ventilateur (3) ainsi que des unités de chauffage et de refroidissement (2,5) sont montés sur la face intérieure, et que sont prévus des moyens (16,17, 19) pour faire circuler le mélange de gaz et d'air entre le tambour perforé (1) et les unités de chauffage et de refroidissement (2,5).
  8. Machine de nettoyage suivant la revendication 7, caractérisée par le fait que le ventilateur (3) est disposé au milieu de la porte (7), que le tambour (1), à face latérale perforée et monté en porte à faux, comporte une ouverture de chargement qui est à l'opposé du ventilateur (3) et qu'un espace annulaire (17) est présent entre la face extérieure du tambour (1) et l'enveloppe (8) entourant ce tambour et que les unités de chauffage et de refroidissement (2,5) sont réalisées respectivement sous la forme de serpentins, entre lesquels existe une liaison de passage (19), qui communique avec l'espace annulaire (17) et qui s'étend en direction du côté arrière du ventilateur (3).
  9. Machine de nettoyage suivant la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisée par le fait que l'enveloppe (8) est réalisé de manière à être protégé contre un danger d'explosion.
  10. Machine de nettoyage suivant l'une des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisée par le fait qu'une bague d'étanchéité élastique (40) est insérée entre l'enveloppe (8) et la porte (7) et que la porte (7) coopère avec plusieurs coins (32) pouvant être actionnés par voie pneumatique ou hydraulique, l'angle (a) des coins étant choisi suffisamment faible pour qu'il se produise un autoblocage.
EP92810520A 1991-08-08 1992-07-08 Procédé et dispositif pour nettoyer et sécher des objets, en particulier des textiles Expired - Lifetime EP0527699B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH234691 1991-08-08
CH2346/91 1991-08-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0527699A1 EP0527699A1 (fr) 1993-02-17
EP0527699B1 true EP0527699B1 (fr) 1995-03-08

Family

ID=4231653

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92810520A Expired - Lifetime EP0527699B1 (fr) 1991-08-08 1992-07-08 Procédé et dispositif pour nettoyer et sécher des objets, en particulier des textiles

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (2) US5301379A (fr)
EP (1) EP0527699B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59201588D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2071474T3 (fr)

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IT1269091B (it) * 1994-03-31 1997-03-21 Renzacci Spa Metodo per il lavaggio a secco di biancheria con solvente idrocarburico non alogenato
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US5802884A (en) * 1996-11-01 1998-09-08 Cavalli; Giuseppe Machine for washing and degreasing with solvents or for drying textile products or the like
US5806204A (en) * 1997-06-13 1998-09-15 Mmats, Inc. Material dryer using vacuum drying and vapor condensation
US5942007A (en) * 1997-08-22 1999-08-24 Greenearth Cleaning, Llp Dry cleaning method and solvent
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US6397421B1 (en) 1999-09-24 2002-06-04 Micell Technologies Methods and apparatus for conserving vapor and collecting liquid carbon dioxide for carbon dioxide dry cleaning
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KR100825253B1 (ko) * 2007-07-10 2008-04-25 이진식 유기용매 사용기기의 폭발방지장치
KR101366274B1 (ko) * 2007-08-03 2014-02-20 엘지전자 주식회사 의류처리장치 및 팬어셈블리
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0527699A1 (fr) 1993-02-17
DE59201588D1 (de) 1995-04-13
US5357771A (en) 1994-10-25
ES2071474T3 (es) 1995-06-16
US5301379A (en) 1994-04-12

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