EP0524658A1 - Palette en matière plastique - Google Patents
Palette en matière plastique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0524658A1 EP0524658A1 EP92115292A EP92115292A EP0524658A1 EP 0524658 A1 EP0524658 A1 EP 0524658A1 EP 92115292 A EP92115292 A EP 92115292A EP 92115292 A EP92115292 A EP 92115292A EP 0524658 A1 EP0524658 A1 EP 0524658A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plastic pallet
- pallet
- container
- pallet according
- rails
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D25/00—Details of other kinds or types of rigid or semi-rigid containers
- B65D25/005—Side walls formed with an aperture or a movable portion arranged to allow removal or insertion of contents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
- A47B87/00—Sectional furniture, i.e. combinations of complete furniture units, e.g. assemblies of furniture units of the same kind such as linkable cabinets, tables, racks or shelf units
- A47B87/02—Sectional furniture, i.e. combinations of complete furniture units, e.g. assemblies of furniture units of the same kind such as linkable cabinets, tables, racks or shelf units stackable ; stackable and linkable
- A47B87/0284—Cabinet systems consisting of stacked-and-linked uniform casings, each being a cabinet or drawer-holder, e.g. lockers, mail/file boxing systems
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D11/00—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of plastics material
- B65D11/10—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of plastics material of polygonal cross-section and all parts being permanently connected to each other
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D11/00—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of plastics material
- B65D11/18—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of plastics material collapsible, i.e. with walls hinged together or detachably connected
- B65D11/1866—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of plastics material collapsible, i.e. with walls hinged together or detachably connected with detachable components
- B65D11/1873—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of plastics material collapsible, i.e. with walls hinged together or detachably connected with detachable components all walls are detached from each other to collapse the container
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D19/0004—Rigid pallets without side walls
- B65D19/0053—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element
- B65D19/0077—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces
- B65D19/0089—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces the base surface being made of more than one element
- B65D19/0093—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces the base surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces
- B65D19/0097—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces the base surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces and each contact surface having a discrete foot-like shape
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D71/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans or pop bottles; Bales of material
- B65D71/0088—Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck
- B65D71/0092—Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck provided with one or more rigid supports, at least one dimension of the supports corresponding to a dimension of the load, e.g. skids
- B65D71/0096—Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck provided with one or more rigid supports, at least one dimension of the supports corresponding to a dimension of the load, e.g. skids the dimensions of the supports corresponding to the periphery of the load, e.g. pallets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00009—Materials
- B65D2519/00014—Materials for the load supporting surface
- B65D2519/00034—Plastic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00009—Materials
- B65D2519/00049—Materials for the base surface
- B65D2519/00069—Plastic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00263—Overall construction of the pallet
- B65D2519/00273—Overall construction of the pallet made of more than one piece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00283—Overall construction of the load supporting surface
- B65D2519/00293—Overall construction of the load supporting surface made of more than one piece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00283—Overall construction of the load supporting surface
- B65D2519/00298—Overall construction of the load supporting surface skeleton type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
- B65D2519/00323—Overall construction of the base surface made of more than one piece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
- B65D2519/00328—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base
- B65D2519/00333—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base contact surface having a stringer-like shape
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
- B65D2519/00328—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base
- B65D2519/00338—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base contact surface having a discrete foot-like shape
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00398—Overall construction reinforcements
- B65D2519/00432—Non-integral, e.g. inserts
- B65D2519/00442—Non-integral, e.g. inserts on the base surface
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00547—Connections
- B65D2519/00552—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer
- B65D2519/00557—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00547—Connections
- B65D2519/00552—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer
- B65D2519/00557—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements
- B65D2519/00562—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements chemical connection, e.g. glued, welded, sealed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00547—Connections
- B65D2519/00552—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer
- B65D2519/00557—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements
- B65D2519/00567—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements mechanical connection, e.g. snap-fitted
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00736—Details
- B65D2519/00741—Dimensional aspects of the pallet
- B65D2519/00771—Dimensional aspects of the pallet smaller than "standard"
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00736—Details
- B65D2519/00935—Details with special means for nesting or stacking
- B65D2519/00955—Details with special means for nesting or stacking stackable
- B65D2519/0096—Details with special means for nesting or stacking stackable when empty
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
- B65D2571/00006—Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck
- B65D2571/00067—Local maintaining elements, e.g. partial packaging, shrink packaging, shrink small bands
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
- B65D2571/00006—Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck
- B65D2571/00111—Arrangements of flexible binders
Definitions
- the invention relates to a plastic pallet with bottom rails and cross members for receiving a plastic container.
- rigid foams rigid foams being understood to be a hard foam which is characterized in that it exhibits low elastic deformability with relatively high resistance to deformation, a distinction being made here between tough and brittle hard foams.
- rigid foams As a raw material for the production of rigid foams, i.a. Polystyrene and polyurethane are proposed.
- a plastic pallet produced by injection molding ranges from a large one-piece pallet to pallets made from a variety of the same parts.
- An example of a one-piece plastic pallet is described in US Patent 3,636,888 to Angelbeck.
- An example of a two-part large-capacity pallet in which two parts are connected by vibration welding is described in French Patent 2,387,850.
- Another approach is to create a series of differently shaped connected parts that are assembled to build pallets of different sizes from small to very large.
- One such pallet using snap-in parts is described in U.S. Patent 3,307,504.
- An example of a pallet with brackets for connecting each part is described in German laid-open specification 2.241.289.
- the invention has for its object to provide a pallet for a pallet system in which one or more containers can be combined into one unit in connection with the specially designed pallet.
- This design of the pallet makes it possible to combine containers with one another to form a composite and to arrange them on a pallet.
- the pallet on which the invention is based comprises a certain number of extruded floor rails with a generally rectangular cross section and a certain number of extruded cross members, which also have a generally rectangular cross section and are fastened between the floor rails.
- Each of the floor rails consists of an outer shell delimiting an inner cavity, the cavity being accommodated by an insert serves to reinforce the floor track. In the cavity of the outer shell there are channels which engage with the pins formed on the insert.
- the outer shell includes a pair of rails attached to a surface that is generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bottom rail to create feet. These rails also delimit an intermediate trapezoidal groove.
- Each of the transverse parts has a plurality of projections which are arranged at a distance from one another and are perpendicular to the longitudinal side of the transverse part. These projections are generally above a floor rail and extend away from the floor rail.
- Another embodiment on which the invention is based is a light container with a multiplicity of stackable plastic containers and a plastic pallet.
- This system includes all of the containers described above with the pallet described above.
- the protrusions provided on the transverse parts of the pallet are in engagement with the recesses of the adjacent containers.
- a band can also be inserted into the groove located under each bottom rail, leading upwards over the outer surfaces of the containers stacked on the pallet and with one another over the containers Connect the loop, keeping it in the trapezoidal grooves on the front of the top container directly above the bottom rail.
- the plastic container and pallet system according to the invention is composed of stackable plastic containers which are interlocked in a stacked state and which can also be locked in a similar manner to the pallets on which they are stacked.
- Each container includes a pair of molded end walls with protrusions along their top edge and recesses along their bottom edge. Thus, if one container is stacked on top of another, the recesses in the bottom edge of the upper container are in engagement with the projections of the lower container.
- the pallet is provided at certain intervals with mounting protrusions which engage the recesses in the bottom of each container.
- Each protrusion along the top edge of the molded end wall of the containers includes a band groove that is aligned with the band groove under each bottom rail of the pallet when the containers are stacked on the pallet.
- the containers are made entirely of a special plastic material and are joined to form a unit by vibration welding.
- a side wall of the container can be removed to create an office storage system with these containers on the pallet.
- An advantageous method for attaching the lid to each container is also provided.
- the pallet consists of two basic components, namely a number of floor rails with a number of transverse parts attached to them at an angle of 90 ° and at a distance from one another.
- Each of these cross sections consists of a honeycomb-shaped construction and is connected by vibration welding or rivet welding (stake welded).
- FIG. 1 shows a plastic container 11 which comprises a pair of end walls 12 preferably molded from structural foam, such as polypropylene foam.
- the end walls 12 usually form a frame made of a pair of wide upper and lower parallel side edges 13 and 14, each of which is connected to a pair of generally parallel narrow side edges 15 and 16.
- a longitudinal wall 18 connects to the end walls 12.
- This longitudinal wall 18 consists of plastic, such as high-impact styrene of the polypropols, and is preferably produced by the extrusion process.
- the longitudinal wall 18 comprises a plurality of reinforcing ribs 19 extending in the longitudinal direction of the container 11 and parallel to the side lips 21.
- the extension forms beyond each of the edges of the wall 18 the lip 21 by 90 o inwardly to the side of the container 11 ears 132 (Fig.4).
- An advantageous embodiment of the extruded longitudinal wall 18 comprises a pair between two reinforcing ribs 19 and parallel links 22.
- the wall 18 is bent 90 o on one side.
- the longitudinal wall 18 is bent into the U-shape described above under the action of moderate heat and moderate pressure on the articulations 22 in order to achieve permanent deformation of the longitudinal wall 18.
- the ears 132 are also bent inwards.
- the end walls 12 and longitudinal wall 18 can be assembled by several known methods including gluing and vibration welding.
- the preferred method is vibration welding.
- the end wall 12 engages in the end of the longitudinal wall 18, the reinforcing ribs 23 abutting the narrow side edges 15 and 16 and the bottom side edge 14 of the end side 12. A detailed description of the structure of these parts can be found in the description of FIGS. 5a and 5b.
- the end walls 12 are provided with a central opening 24 into which the insert 25 is inserted.
- the insert 25 is generally flat and rectangular and is provided with imprints which serve to indicate the origin of the packaged goods through the opening 24.
- the stake also exists made of a plastic material, such as high-impact styrene or polypropolene, and is preferably produced using the extrusion process.
- the insert 25 is fastened in the rectangular recess 26 on the inside of the end walls 12 with the aid of a suitable adhesive, cement or by vibration welding. Vibration welding is the preferred method for attaching the insert 25.
- the insert 25 is provided with holes for easy ventilation of the container 11.
- the longitudinal wall 18 also has a plurality of elongated holes 27 for ventilation of the container 11.
- a plastic cover 28 serves to close the upper longitudinal wall 18.
- the cover 28 is provided with a resilient groove 29 which, as shown in FIG. 2, for releasably gripping or clamping the upper side lip 21 of the longitudinal wall panels along the side lips of the cover 28 is arranged.
- the resilient groove 29 according to this construction engages around 225 o of the lip 21. This is done by enclosing a snap lip 30 within the U-shaped groove 29 in order to meet the lower outer edge of the lip 21. This construction also stabilizes the top edge of each side of the container 11 when the lid 28 snaps into place.
- finger engagement holes 31 are provided halfway near the side edges of the lid 28.
- the cover 28 also has reinforcing lips 19 running parallel to one another over the entire width of the cover 28. Also are along the upper side edge of each end wall 12, upper and lower pins 32 and 34 are provided in pairs, which engage the cover projections 35 when the resilient grooves 29 engage the side lips 21 (FIGS. 3a, 3b, 5a and 5b ).
- FIG. 3 a shows the cover 28 that is assembled and locked with the longitudinal wall 18. In this position, three of the projections 35 of the cover are aligned with the upper pins 32. To remove the cover 28, the resilient grooves 29 have to be released from the side lip 21 and the cover 28 has to be moved in one direction until the cover projections 35, as shown in FIG. 3b, release the upper pins 32 of the end wall 12. It should be mentioned here that in this position one of the resilient grooves 29 extends beyond one side of the side wall 18, while the other resilient groove 29 is located above the interior of the container 11 created by the side wall 18. In this position, the lid 28 can be lifted vertically from the container 11. To close the container 11, proceed in the reverse order.
- 5a and 5b show a cover groove 36 created by the upper and lower pins 32 and 34.
- a support along the end walls 12 is provided with the aid of the cover projections 35 arranged between the upper and lower pins 32 and 34 the downward pressure created.
- the lower pins 34 could be replaced by a single lower pin extending over a substantial portion of the upper side edge 13 of each end wall 12. This would support each of the tab protrusions 35 and not just those held by the upper pins 32.
- the end walls 12 are each provided with a pair of upwardly directed stacking projections 38 at the ends opposite the upper edge 13.
- the stacking projections 38 meet the stacking recesses 39, which are located at the ends opposite the lower wide edges 14, in order to prevent the vertically stacked containers 11 from shifting towards one another.
- Each stacking projection 38 is also provided with a band groove 40, through which the stacked containers 11 can be held together with the pallet to form a transportable composite. This feature is described in more detail after the introduction of the pallet construction.
- the lid 28 includes a plurality of elongated passages 27 to promote ventilation of the container 11. The lid is preferably made by the extrusion process.
- FIG. 5a describes the inner surface of the end wall 12 with recesses 26 and 134, lower pins 41 and device rails 44.
- FIG. 5b shows the insert 25 mounted in the recess 26, with its lower edge butting against the device rails 44.
- the insert 25 is preferably assembled by vibration welding.
- the insert 25 When the insert 25 is mounted, it can be seen that its upper edge contributes to the limitation of the cover channel 36 between the upper and lower pins 32 and 34.
- Its side edges together with the edge rails 45 create a mounting groove 43 which, together with the mounting groove 42 formed by the device rails 44 and the lower pins 41, delimit the engagement area in which the end of the longitudinal wall 18 is connected to the end wall 12.
- the lower pins 41 and edge rails 45 provide additional support for the longitudinal wall 18 against the forces acting from the interior of the container 11.
- the recesses 134 hold the ears 132 of the longitudinal wall 18.
- the reinforcing ribs 19 are preferably integrated into the extruded plastic part and the extruded plate is cut to the side to the desired length and to form ears 132. Openings are punched in to create ventilation holes 27.
- the plastic container 11 In the folded state, the plastic container 11 consists of a series of relatively flat parts that can be transported in a small space.
- the containers are advantageously assembled ready for use only in the field or in the packaging building by unfolding the side plates of the longitudinal wall 18 and welding the end walls 12 against the end edges of the longitudinal wall 18.
- the plastic container 11 can easily be returned to the production process by grinding the plastic parts and reusing the plastic material as an extruder load for the extrusion of the longitudinal wall 18, the cover 28 and the insert 25. Due to the extrusion of the cover 28, the longitudinal wall 18 and the insert 25, the manufacturing costs for the plastic container 11 are significantly lower than in known paper, wood or plastic molded containers. Since the entire container 11 is made of plastic, it can be used both as a transport and as an exhibition container that meets all FDE guidelines, since the material does not absorb any juice from the fruits or vegetables in the container and thereby mold in or on Container prevented while it is in the grocer's food area.
- FIG. 6 shows another form of a plastic container 11 '.
- the container 11 ' is the same container 11 according to FIG. 1.
- the only exception is the longitudinal wall consisting of two parts 18' and 18 ''.
- the longitudinal wall 18 ' consists of the rear wall 46, the bottom part 47 and the front lip part 48.
- the front lip 48 extends on the bottom part 47 along its side edge and forms part of the front wall of the container 11'.
- the remaining part of the front wall forms the wall 18 ′′.
- top Edge includes wall 18 "a resilient groove 50 which, when closed over lid 28 ', engages lip 51 in a manner similar to that shown in FIG. 2.
- the rear edge of the lid 28 engages the top edge of the rear wall 46 in the same manner as that shown in FIG. 2 for the container 11 of FIG. 1.
- the container 11 ' can be closed in the closed state by connecting the locking hole 52 to the finger engagement hole 31 with a metal or plastic closure or with a lock with a long locking strap.
- the container 11 ' also differs from the container 11 of FIG. 1 in that no passages are provided and the insert 25 has an opening at one end of the container in which an identification card 53 can be attached.
- the wall 18 ′′ is also made narrower to expose the edge rails 45 along the inner surfaces of the end walls 12.
- FIG. 7a and b, 8a and b, and 9 show a further embodiment of the container 11 ''.
- the container 11 ′′ essentially corresponds to the container 11 of FIG. 1, with the exception that no ventilation passages are provided and an access hole 136 has been punched into one of the side walls 18 ′′. Access hole 136 is less than the full width or height of the side wall into which it was punched.
- Access hole 136 is closed with the aid of a hatch cover 138.
- the hatch cover 138 is extruded from the same material as the wall 18 '' and then cut to form protrusions 146.
- the hatch cover 138 is cut to a width which is smaller than the internal distance between end walls 12.
- the container 11 ′′ is closed by sliding the hatch cover 138 between the inner surface of the wall 18 ′′ and “L” clips 142 ( made of the same material), which are welded to the inner surface of the inserts 25 in both end walls 12.
- the projections of hatch cover 138 extend through slots 144 in the bottom of wall 18 ''. If the hatch cover 138 is in the position provided for it, the cover 28 snaps over the lip 21, as shown in FIG.
- the locking strap of the lock can be passed through the finger hole 31 of the cover 28 and the locking holes 140 and 140 'in the wall 18 and hatch cover 138.
- FIGS. 10a, b and c show a pallet 100 for receiving six containers in one plane of the type shown in FIGS. 1, 6 or 7a and b, three of which are stacked one above the other and two one behind the other.
- the pallet 100 consists of two basic units; Bottom rails 102 and cross members 104. Depending on the length of each of these units, a pallet 100 can be used to hold the containers 11 or 11 'assemble individually, two or three pieces in width and individually or two pieces in depth (see Fig. 12).
- floor rails 102 consist of two parts, an outer rectangular part 116 with feet 118 and an inner, essentially diamond-shaped insert 114.
- the retraction of the feet 118 at the lower end of the outer rectangular part 116 forms that Band groove 112, which will be described in more detail later.
- Both the insert 114 and the external part 116 are extruded, for example, from high-impact styrene or polypropylene and then cut to the desired length.
- the bottom rail 102 is assembled by inserting the insert 114 into the outer part 116 with the pins 120 held by the channels 122 and this structure is connected by vibration welding.
- each of the transverse parts 104 also comprises projections 108 which are at a certain distance from one another and which engage with the stack recesses 39 for receiving the first layer of containers 11 or 11 'stacked on the pallet 100.
- the cross members 104 when extruded, include a short, vertical one upstanding mandrel along an edge. This mandrel is cut to form assembly projections 108 of appropriate size and distance and the cross member 104 to the desired length.
- the material for the cross members 104 preferably consists of, for example, high-impact styrene or plypropolene and, as shown in FIG. 10c, is extruded in a honeycomb pattern.
- the final assembly of the pallet 100 takes place by placing the transverse parts 104 on the floor rails 102 perpendicular to the floor rails located under the engaging projections 108.
- the pallet 100 can then be connected by vibration welding or rivet welding (stake welding) with the aid of the access holes 106 which extend through the transverse parts 104 into the floor rails 102.
- rivet welding the welding device creates a thermocompression connection between the lower plate of the cross member 104 and the upper plate of the bottom rail 102.
- the pallet 100 Due to the nature of the pallet 100 made of high-impact styrene or polypropols and the use of a honeycomb pattern inside the bottom rail 102 and the cross member 104, the low weight of the pallet with high stability is achieved, which, like the containers 11, can be built up in the field. Like the container 11, the pallet 100 can easily be reused by grinding the plastic parts and reusing the plastic material as an extruder load and returning it to the production process.
- FIG. 13 shows a pallet 100 assembled with 30 containers 11 mounted thereon.
- the containers 11 are fastened on the pallet 100 with the aid of pallet straps 124, which are located under each bottom rail 102 in band grooves 112, upward over the end walls 12 of the containers 11 extend through the band grooves 40 of the upper container 11, reaching over the upper container 11, and are returned to the back of the stack.
- the tapes can be made of a rigid, non-stretch plastic material and can be made using known methods, e.g. can be connected by thermal connection or stapling.
- 14 shows a similar stacking system with a pallet 100 and 32 containers 11 'or 11' '. This system is also connected using straps 124 in the same manner as described in FIG. 13. 14 also shows removable space dividers 128 within the container 11 'to increase storage flexibility.
- Each of these units comprises a pallet 100 with four wheels 126 and a certain number of containers 11 'arranged thereon.
- the container pallet system on which this description is based offers numerous advantages. These advantages can be seen not only in the stability of all parts forming the system, but also in the fact that they are only a third of the weight of conventional ones Apply crate and pallet systems.
- the wide temperature range that they can withstand without damage is of exceptional interest.
- Styrene or polypropylene are materials that can withstand a wide range of temperatures, from the freezer to temperatures that are significantly higher than those found in very hot climates. The units can be steam cleaned before they are used again. Bacteria do not multiply with this type of plastic, so that the food does not have to be removed before being displayed on the counter.
- the whole system prevents the containers from slipping and moving during transport, since all walls 12 of the containers 11, 11 'and 11' 'have been shaped into precision shapes and the individual containers have a higher degree of uniformity have cardboard or wooden containers currently in use.
- the stacking technology creates a boundary on all sides between the containers 11 stacked one above the other. This provides for better ventilation during transport in and around the contents of the containers.
- the increased air movement reduces the risk of spoilage of sensitive foods in the containers and thus increases the retailer's profits. Transport costs are also reduced, since the total weight of the containers and pallets built together is significantly lower and therefore benefits everyone involved.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pallets (AREA)
- Stackable Containers (AREA)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP92115292A EP0524658B1 (fr) | 1988-08-30 | 1988-08-30 | Palette en matière plastique |
HK98107176A HK1007998A1 (en) | 1988-08-30 | 1998-06-27 | Plastic pallet |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP92115292A EP0524658B1 (fr) | 1988-08-30 | 1988-08-30 | Palette en matière plastique |
EP88114115A EP0356543B1 (fr) | 1988-08-30 | 1988-08-30 | Système de récipient et de palette en plastique |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88114115.4 Division | 1988-08-30 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0524658A1 true EP0524658A1 (fr) | 1993-01-27 |
EP0524658B1 EP0524658B1 (fr) | 1996-11-13 |
Family
ID=8199240
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88114115A Expired - Lifetime EP0356543B1 (fr) | 1988-08-30 | 1988-08-30 | Système de récipient et de palette en plastique |
EP92115292A Expired - Lifetime EP0524658B1 (fr) | 1988-08-30 | 1988-08-30 | Palette en matière plastique |
EP92115293A Expired - Lifetime EP0524659B1 (fr) | 1988-08-30 | 1988-08-30 | Récipient en matière plastique et système de palette |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88114115A Expired - Lifetime EP0356543B1 (fr) | 1988-08-30 | 1988-08-30 | Système de récipient et de palette en plastique |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92115293A Expired - Lifetime EP0524659B1 (fr) | 1988-08-30 | 1988-08-30 | Récipient en matière plastique et système de palette |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (3) | EP0356543B1 (fr) |
AT (3) | ATE144956T1 (fr) |
DE (3) | DE3884392D1 (fr) |
ES (3) | ES2048180T3 (fr) |
GR (2) | GR3022478T3 (fr) |
HK (3) | HK1007999A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0609611A2 (fr) * | 1993-02-05 | 1994-08-10 | Michael D. Stolzman | Ripeur en plastique et procédé de fabrication |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB8909396D0 (en) * | 1989-04-25 | 1989-06-14 | Cairway Ltd | An end panel |
DE4115893A1 (de) * | 1991-05-15 | 1992-11-19 | Schoeller Plast Ag | Mehrwegverpackung |
US5325975A (en) * | 1991-06-14 | 1994-07-05 | United States Surgical Corporation | Suture display cabinet |
FR2840287B1 (fr) * | 2002-05-31 | 2004-11-12 | Knauf Snc | Palette de grandes dimensions en matiere plastique expansee |
DE102012105641A1 (de) * | 2012-06-27 | 2014-01-02 | Nipro Sterile Glass Germany AG | Vorrichtung zum Aufbewahren und/oder Transportieren einer Mehrzahl von Verpackungsbehältern |
DE202017100104U1 (de) | 2016-01-11 | 2017-02-08 | Surplus Systems Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Transportsicherung |
DE202016008349U1 (de) | 2016-01-11 | 2017-08-17 | G/B/C General Business Consulting Gmbh | Randteil für eine Kiste |
DE102016100321B4 (de) | 2016-01-11 | 2017-07-20 | Surplussystems Gmbh | Randteil für eine Kiste |
GB201603517D0 (en) | 2016-02-29 | 2016-04-13 | Ocado Innovation Ltd | Improved goods delivery system |
US11591130B1 (en) | 2020-05-21 | 2023-02-28 | Michael Avila | Stackable and foldable box |
GB202103606D0 (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-04-28 | Crateight Ltd | Container |
RU206762U1 (ru) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-09-28 | Тимофей Александрович Кондренков | Ящик |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2990058A (en) * | 1959-03-17 | 1961-06-27 | Saint Gobain Corp | Unitized shipment package |
FR1322667A (fr) * | 1962-05-21 | 1963-03-29 | Pied de support pour l'expédition de colis | |
DE2365344A1 (de) * | 1973-03-09 | 1974-09-12 | Freya Plastic Delbrouck F | Kufenausbildung einer kunststoffpalette |
US3878796A (en) * | 1973-12-05 | 1975-04-22 | Econopal Inc | Plastic pallet assembly |
EP0152323A1 (fr) * | 1984-02-03 | 1985-08-21 | S.I.F.A.R. S.A., Société dite: | Chariot-palette pour le stockage et le transport de plateaux de groupement contenant des emballages |
EP0251439A2 (fr) * | 1986-05-02 | 1988-01-07 | Houston Rehrig | Chariot de transport en plastique |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT321809B (de) * | 1971-06-04 | 1975-04-25 | Freya Plastic Delbrouck F | Stapelbare Obst- oder Gemüsesteige |
DE2717880A1 (de) * | 1977-04-22 | 1978-10-26 | Mark O Uitz | Kunststoffbehaelter |
-
1988
- 1988-08-30 DE DE88114115T patent/DE3884392D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-08-30 DE DE3855667T patent/DE3855667D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-08-30 ES ES88114115T patent/ES2048180T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-08-30 EP EP88114115A patent/EP0356543B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-08-30 EP EP92115292A patent/EP0524658B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-08-30 ES ES92115293T patent/ES2097247T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-08-30 ES ES92115292T patent/ES2097844T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-08-30 AT AT92115293T patent/ATE144956T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-08-30 AT AT88114115T patent/ATE94827T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-08-30 EP EP92115293A patent/EP0524659B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-08-30 DE DE3855654T patent/DE3855654D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-08-30 AT AT92115292T patent/ATE145186T1/de active
-
1997
- 1997-02-05 GR GR970400180T patent/GR3022478T3/el unknown
- 1997-02-12 GR GR970400228T patent/GR3022540T3/el unknown
-
1998
- 1998-06-27 HK HK98107177A patent/HK1007999A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-06-27 HK HK98107176A patent/HK1007998A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-06-27 HK HK98107174A patent/HK1007997A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2990058A (en) * | 1959-03-17 | 1961-06-27 | Saint Gobain Corp | Unitized shipment package |
FR1322667A (fr) * | 1962-05-21 | 1963-03-29 | Pied de support pour l'expédition de colis | |
DE2365344A1 (de) * | 1973-03-09 | 1974-09-12 | Freya Plastic Delbrouck F | Kufenausbildung einer kunststoffpalette |
US3878796A (en) * | 1973-12-05 | 1975-04-22 | Econopal Inc | Plastic pallet assembly |
EP0152323A1 (fr) * | 1984-02-03 | 1985-08-21 | S.I.F.A.R. S.A., Société dite: | Chariot-palette pour le stockage et le transport de plateaux de groupement contenant des emballages |
EP0251439A2 (fr) * | 1986-05-02 | 1988-01-07 | Houston Rehrig | Chariot de transport en plastique |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0609611A2 (fr) * | 1993-02-05 | 1994-08-10 | Michael D. Stolzman | Ripeur en plastique et procédé de fabrication |
EP0609611A3 (fr) * | 1993-02-05 | 1995-06-28 | Michael D Stolzman | Ripeur en plastique et procédé de fabrication. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2048180T3 (es) | 1994-03-16 |
DE3884392D1 (de) | 1993-10-28 |
HK1007998A1 (en) | 1999-04-30 |
HK1007999A1 (en) | 1999-04-30 |
GR3022540T3 (en) | 1997-05-31 |
DE3855667D1 (de) | 1996-12-19 |
EP0524658B1 (fr) | 1996-11-13 |
ATE144956T1 (de) | 1996-11-15 |
DE3855654D1 (de) | 1996-12-12 |
EP0524659B1 (fr) | 1996-11-06 |
ES2097247T3 (es) | 1997-04-01 |
ATE94827T1 (de) | 1993-10-15 |
ES2097844T3 (es) | 1997-04-16 |
EP0524659A1 (fr) | 1993-01-27 |
EP0356543B1 (fr) | 1993-09-22 |
EP0356543A1 (fr) | 1990-03-07 |
HK1007997A1 (en) | 1999-04-30 |
ATE145186T1 (de) | 1996-11-15 |
GR3022478T3 (en) | 1997-05-31 |
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