EP0519385B1 - Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Abstandhalters für Bewehrungen und Abstandhalter - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Abstandhalters für Bewehrungen und Abstandhalter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0519385B1
EP0519385B1 EP92110096A EP92110096A EP0519385B1 EP 0519385 B1 EP0519385 B1 EP 0519385B1 EP 92110096 A EP92110096 A EP 92110096A EP 92110096 A EP92110096 A EP 92110096A EP 0519385 B1 EP0519385 B1 EP 0519385B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spacer
concrete
hardened
particles
plastics material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92110096A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0519385A1 (de
Inventor
Siegfried Dreizler
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0519385A1 publication Critical patent/EP0519385A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0519385B1 publication Critical patent/EP0519385B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/16—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups
    • E04C5/161—Protective caps for the ends of reinforcing bars
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/16—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups
    • E04C5/20—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups of material other than metal or with only additional metal parts, e.g. concrete or plastics spacers with metal binding wires
    • E04C5/201—Spacer blocks with embedded separate holding wire or clips
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24372—Particulate matter
    • Y10T428/24421—Silicon containing
    • Y10T428/2443—Sand, clay, or crushed rock or slate

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a spacer for reinforcement, with a body made of polymer concrete, in which a body is first formed from a hardenable plastic mass with additives in the form of mineral grains, then the plastic mass is cured, the grains being formed in this way Plastic matrix are integrated so that a body with a closed, smooth surface formed by hardened plastic material is formed.
  • the invention further relates to a spacer for reinforcement, with a body made of polymer concrete, the polymer concrete consisting of a hardened plastic material, in which additives in the form of mineral grains are integrated.
  • the spacers not only ensure precise positioning of the reinforcement within the formwork and therefore in the finished concrete component, but also ensure that the reinforcement is at a certain minimum distance from the outside of the concrete component to be created, i.e. the reinforcement is covered with a certain layer of concrete. This "necessary coverage" must be at least 2 cm for buildings. The spacer is thus integrated into the hardened concrete mass of the component.
  • the interface transition area between the outside of the spacer and the hardened concrete mass surrounding it represents a region susceptible to corrosion. Since a spacer with its formwork-side edge lies directly against the formwork, but is otherwise enclosed by the hardened concrete mass, is a transition zone that can be recognized from the outside of the component between spacer and the hardened concrete mass lying against it, which is particularly exposed to environmental influences.
  • the interface transition area therefore represents a critical area since the two adjacent solid phases, ie spacers on the one hand and hardened concrete mass on the other hand, have different mechanical and chemical properties, for example different expansion coefficients.
  • the fluctuating temperatures to which a component is exposed gradually create capillary or hair gaps between the surface of the spacer and the concrete surrounding it.
  • spacers to produce from the same concrete material as the concrete material which is to subsequently enclose the spacer, it was nevertheless found that, due to the different processing methods, capillary gaps nevertheless arise between the interface transition regions.
  • the spacer is prefabricated, i.e.
  • Such spacers made of concrete are known from DE-A-1 484 140.
  • larger boundary surfaces of the concrete body can be roughened in a manner known per se in order to achieve better adhesion in the concrete.
  • Post-treatment measures for concrete components are described in the document "Concrete Practice", Concrete and Cement Association, Slough 1975, pages 42-43, in order to carry out surface finishing operations, for example on exposed concrete components such as washed concrete, which bring about the desired surface structure.
  • Such finishing operations can be mechanical abrasion, abrasion by sandblasting, chemical ablation.
  • Polymer concrete is understood to mean a material made of concrete in which, in order to improve the properties of use, the hydraulic binder has been completely or partially replaced by materials based on synthetic resins.
  • Polymer concrete is thus a mixture of a synthetic resin such as epoxy resin, polyurethane resin or polyester resin, which is mixed with fillers in the form of grains, in particular with mineral fillers, such as quartz sand, quartz powder, dolomite or other stone powder. Appropriate catalysts and accelerators are added to the synthetic resin, so that if this mass is in casting molds is poured in, correspondingly shaped spacers are formed after the material has hardened.
  • holding elements can be integrated into the hardening plastic mass, by means of which the spacers can be clipped or pushed onto reinforcing bars of the reinforcements.
  • the spacer serves as an end cap for a reinforcement bar, ie it ensures the correct distance between one end of a reinforcement bar and a corresponding outer wall, the spacer usually has a blind hole into which the reinforcement bar can be inserted. In this case, no further holding elements are necessary.
  • the mixing ratios between aggregates and synthetic resin are chosen so that the resulting body of the spacer has a very high compressive strength and breaking strength, and also has such a coefficient of thermal expansion that comes as close as possible to that of concrete. So that the tensile impact materials are evenly distributed in the body, such a consistency of the plastic resin composition is chosen that the granular additives do not sink during the hardening due to gravity, but float in the hardening synthetic resin composition.
  • the resulting spacers then have a closed, smooth surface made of hardened plastic material.
  • the object is achieved in a method in that so much plastic material is subsequently removed from the surface of the cured body that countless grains protrude from the cured plastic material, thereby creating countless connection points for concrete.
  • the object is achieved with a spacer in that the previously closed surface of the body is subsequently treated by removing plastic material in such a way that countless grains of the aggregates protrude from the surface of the hardened plastic material, which represent countless connection points for concrete.
  • This particularly intimate chemical / physical bond in the transition area between the outside of the spacer body and the hardening concrete mass surrounding it ensures a permanent tight connection in this interface area, in which no moisture can penetrate for decades. Due to this intimate chemical / physical connection between the surface of the spacer and the hardened concrete mass surrounding it, external mechanical stresses can be absorbed much better and can be better distributed due to the large surface area in the interface area between the spacer and the surrounding concrete. As a result, stresses which arise due to different temperature coefficients in thermal expansions can be better dissipated without a capillary or hair gap forming between these materials in the border area.
  • the entire interface transition area due to the numerous direct chemical connection points via the protruding grains, provides such a way of moisture penetrating from the outside high flow resistance that even a capillary action is not sufficient, that moisture can penetrate to a large extent.
  • the intimate chemical / physical Composite can be understood as a kind of "labyrinth seal" that prevents the ingress of moisture.
  • a method removes the surface of the spacer in such a way that craters are formed between the protruding grains by broken grains.
  • This measure has the advantage that the cement paste of the concrete mass can penetrate into this crater when the spacer is embedded, thereby creating a particularly intimate bond.
  • the removal of the plastic material from the surface is carried out by a mechanical process.
  • the removal is accomplished by sandblasting the outside of the body of the spacers.
  • This measure has the advantage that the removal can be accomplished by structurally simple and economical means.
  • the removal of plastic material from the surface of the bodies of the spacers is accomplished by chemically detaching hardened plastic material, in particular by etching the outside.
  • This measure has the advantage that this process can be carried out very easily, for example by immersing or spraying the body with such a solvent that dissolves the hardened plastic material.
  • the etching is carried out in such a way that an amount of plastic material is detached such that some grains break out.
  • This measure has the advantage that, as mentioned above in connection with the mechanical treatment, the craters of the broken-out or failed grains result in additional locations which enable a particularly intimate bond with the concrete mass.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a spacer 10 according to the invention.
  • the spacer 10 has a body 12, from which a holding element 14 protrudes.
  • the holding element 14 consists of a bent wire made of spring steel.
  • the body 12 is constructed from polymer concrete 16.
  • the polymer concrete 16 consists of a hardened plastic material 18, in which grains 20 are contained in the form of quartz powder.
  • the plastic material 18 was formed by curing a synthetic resin (epoxy or polyester), as is commercially available, for example, under the name "ALPOLIT UP 303". Furthermore, the filler in the form of a quartz flour with a grain size distribution in the range from 20 »m to 1 mm is contained in the double proportion by weight (in other exemplary embodiments up to 5 times the proportion by weight) like the synthetic resin. The grains can be rounded and / or have broken surfaces. In addition, hardener and accelerator are included. The starting materials, as is well known in the art, mixed together, and poured into a mold that corresponds to the negative shape of the body 12. The holding element 14 is inserted into the hardening mass.
  • a synthetic resin epoxy or polyester
  • ALPOLIT UP 303 the filler in the form of a quartz flour with a grain size distribution in the range from 20 »m to 1 mm is contained in the double proportion by weight (in other exemplary embodiments up to 5 times the proportion by weight) like the synthetic resin.
  • the grains can
  • a body 12 with a smooth, closed surface is first produced, which is then treated by removing hardened plastic material 18 as described in more detail below in connection with FIGS. 4 and 5, whereby grains are exposed.
  • the resulting body 12 as shown in FIG. 1 has a surface from which grains 20 protrude.
  • a rear side 22 of the body 12 is provided with a groove 24, which is used to place a reinforcement 28 on a reinforcement bar 26.
  • the holding element 14 is shaped such that a reinforcing rod 26 inserted into the groove 24 is held by the holding element 14.
  • the cold element 14 rests on a transverse reinforcing bar 30, so that a spacer 10 clipped onto the reinforcing bar 26 cannot slide downward (in the illustration of FIG. 1) along the reinforcing bar 30.
  • the spacer 10 bears against a formwork-side edge 32 on an inside of a formwork, not shown here, and ensures the appropriate distance between the inside of the formwork and the reinforcement 28.
  • the formwork-side edge 30 is replaced by two Projections 34, 34 'are formed.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further spacer 40 according to the invention, whose body 42 also consists of polymer concrete 46, which has the same composition as described above in connection with FIG. 1.
  • the body 42 has a cylindrical section 52 which merges at a lower end (in the illustration in FIG. 2) into a conical support foot 54.
  • a cone tip 56 of the conical support foot 54 represents the formwork-side contact point of the spacer 40.
  • a blind hole 58 open at the top on the side opposite the conical support leg 54, into which a plastic sleeve 60 open at the top is inserted.
  • the plastic sleeve 60 or the blind hole 58 serve to receive one end of a reinforcing bar 62.
  • the spacer 40 thus ensures the appropriate distance or the appropriate overlap between a lower end of a reinforcing bar 62, for example in a wall of a concrete pipe.
  • the spacer 40 is also produced by first pouring the body 42 into a suitable shape and then treating the outside thereof by means of a sandblasting process in such a way that grains 50 are exposed.
  • 3a shows a practical application of spacers, namely a concrete wall 66, in which a reinforcement 68 is received, which is enclosed by concrete 67.
  • 3a shows a vertical reinforcement bar 70 as well as several horizontal reinforcement bars 72, 72 ',... Of the reinforcement 68 in the sectional view of FIG. 3a.
  • a spacer 80 can be seen, the body 82 of which is constructed essentially like the spacer 40 described in connection with FIG. 2, the lower end of which, however, is designed as a hemisphere 84.
  • the spacer 80 also consists of polymer concrete 86 and has a corresponding blind hole 88 for receiving the reinforcing bar 70.
  • FIG. 3a A further spacer 90 can be seen in FIG. 3a, which is similar in function and design to the spacer 10 described in FIG. 1.
  • the spacer 90 has on its rear side 92 two projecting holding elements 94 and 95.
  • the formwork-side edge 98 opposite the rear side 92 is designed as a run-on slope 100.
  • the spacer 90 is clipped onto the reinforcing bar 70 via the holding element 94 and clipped onto the reinforcing bar 72 ′ via the holding element 96.
  • FIG. 3b an area delimited in FIG. 3a at the lower end with a broken line is shown on an enlarged scale.
  • Fig. 3b a circular area is left out, which is shown in Fig. 3c on an even larger scale.
  • Fig. 3b on the left half, that is to the left of the dash-dotted vertical line, the body of the spacer 80 'is shown as it is produced in a mold by the aforementioned method, i.e. with a closed, smooth surface 102.
  • the quartz grains 110 cannot be seen from the outside, even those which are immediately below the surface 102.
  • the spacer 80 'with a smooth surface 102 integrated into the concrete wall 66 contains the risk that a capillary gap 106 will form over time between its entire smooth surface 102 and the concrete 67 surrounding it, over which moisture, such as this, from the outside is represented by an arrow 107, can penetrate between surface 102 and correspondingly opposite concrete surface. Liquid can penetrate through the gradually widening capillary gap 106 to the upper end of the spacer 80 'and then come into contact with the reinforcing bar 70 (see FIG. 3a) and cause corrosion there.
  • Fig. 3b the spacer 80 is shown on the right side, i.e. with a treated surface 112 according to the invention, in which grains 110 protrude from the hardened plastic material 108.
  • Quartz grains 110, 110 ', 110' ' are embedded in the hardened plastic material 108, but do not penetrate to the outside.
  • the consistency of the synthetic resin is selected in the manufacture of the spacer 80 'so that the grains float in it, or at most sink under the influence of gravity, so that a smooth, closed surface 102 made of hardened plastic material 108 has therefore formed on the outside of the spacer 80' is.
  • the smooth surface 102 is then subjected to a treatment; in the exemplary embodiment shown, it is subjected to a mechanical treatment, namely a sandblasting treatment.
  • the rough surface 112 is formed on the one hand by the fact that plastic material 108 has been removed by the sandblast. This is due to the brittleness of the plastic material 108 in the form of small fragments.
  • the resulting surface of the spacer 80 is correspondingly uneven or rough and enables an intimate connection with the cement paste of the concrete mass in which the spacer 80 is to be embedded.
  • the sandblasting treatment Ensure that so much of the plastic material 108 is removed that partial regions of the grains 110, 110 'protrude above the surface 112. There are thus “bare” areas of the bodies 110, 110 ′ which are no longer covered by plastic material 108.
  • the grain 110 ′′ protruding from the plastic material 108 is a broken grain, the protruding portion of which widens like a trumpet.
  • the cement paste of the liquid concrete mass can penetrate into the undercut areas, as is indicated by an arrow 119. After hardening, this creates an intimate interlocking between the spacer and the hardened concrete mass.
  • the roughness of the surface 112 is thus composed of rough surface areas of the plastic material 108 and of projecting "bare" areas of grains 110, 110 ′′.
  • the roughness of the surface area of the plastic material 108 is composed of break-out points of removed plastic material and craters 118, in which broken-out grains 110 'were contained.
  • a chemical connection to the hardening cement paste of the concrete mass is possible through the above bare areas of the grains, ie these grains made of quartz are chemically integrated into the silicate matrix.
  • connection points with the hardened cement paste starting from the surface of the spacer 80, are created, which ensure that these connection points there are no longer any interface transition areas between two heterogeneous bodies in the actual sense, so that the risk of formation of capillary or hair gaps in these areas is completely eliminated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
EP92110096A 1991-06-19 1992-06-16 Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Abstandhalters für Bewehrungen und Abstandhalter Expired - Lifetime EP0519385B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4120215A DE4120215C2 (de) 1991-06-19 1991-06-19 Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Abstandhalters für Bewehrungen und Abstandhalter
DE4120215 1991-06-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0519385A1 EP0519385A1 (de) 1992-12-23
EP0519385B1 true EP0519385B1 (de) 1995-08-30

Family

ID=6434286

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92110096A Expired - Lifetime EP0519385B1 (de) 1991-06-19 1992-06-16 Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Abstandhalters für Bewehrungen und Abstandhalter

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5410850A (cs)
EP (1) EP0519385B1 (cs)
AT (1) ATE127191T1 (cs)
CA (1) CA2071606C (cs)
CZ (1) CZ188092A3 (cs)
DE (2) DE4120215C2 (cs)
ES (1) ES2076619T3 (cs)
HU (1) HUT63800A (cs)
SK (1) SK188092A3 (cs)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015105589A1 (de) 2015-03-06 2016-09-08 Bag Bauartikel Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Betonabstandhalterkörpers

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5664390A (en) * 1995-11-27 1997-09-09 Sorkin; Felix L. Bolster for use in construction
US5924458A (en) * 1996-11-12 1999-07-20 Kaines; John L. Self-locking stirrup mat
US5832690A (en) * 1997-04-01 1998-11-10 Kaines; John L. Spacer for double cage concrete reinforcement wire grids
JP3469786B2 (ja) * 1998-02-16 2003-11-25 住友大阪セメント株式会社 高強度ポーラスコンクリート構造物およびその製造方法
US6247501B1 (en) 2000-09-29 2001-06-19 John L. Kaines Clip-on stirrup mat
NL1030451C2 (nl) * 2005-11-17 2007-05-21 Molenaar Betonindustrie B V Afstandhouder in het bijzonder voor toepassing bij betonconstructies.
US20090277127A1 (en) * 2008-05-08 2009-11-12 Single Eagle, Inc. Decorative aggregate concrete surface preparation process
US9975272B1 (en) * 2009-04-28 2018-05-22 Natural Stone Wall Solutions Stone wall construction method
US10364569B2 (en) * 2014-01-23 2019-07-30 Harvel K. Crumley Guide device for retaining ties in masonry walls
DE102016113190B4 (de) 2016-07-18 2019-07-25 Bag Bauartikel Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Betonabstandhaltern
ES2610796B1 (es) * 2016-11-11 2017-10-24 Baupanel System S.L Procedimiento para hormigonar forjados y cubiertas de paneles estructurales de hormigón armado con núcleo de poliestireno expandido

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DE3710971A1 (de) * 1987-04-01 1988-10-20 Manfred Dipl Ing Loesch Verbund-bauelement sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zu seiner herstellung
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"Concrete Practice", Concrete and Cement Association, Slough, 1975 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015105589A1 (de) 2015-03-06 2016-09-08 Bag Bauartikel Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Betonabstandhalterkörpers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CZ188092A3 (en) 1993-06-16
DE4120215C2 (de) 1996-04-11
SK188092A3 (en) 1996-09-04
HU9202061D0 (en) 1992-10-28
ATE127191T1 (de) 1995-09-15
ES2076619T3 (es) 1995-11-01
CA2071606A1 (en) 1992-12-20
CA2071606C (en) 1997-12-23
DE4120215A1 (de) 1992-12-24
US5410850A (en) 1995-05-02
HUT63800A (en) 1993-10-28
DE59203436D1 (de) 1995-10-05
EP0519385A1 (de) 1992-12-23

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