EP0513022B1 - Appareil chauffant a usage personnel - Google Patents

Appareil chauffant a usage personnel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0513022B1
EP0513022B1 EP91901739A EP91901739A EP0513022B1 EP 0513022 B1 EP0513022 B1 EP 0513022B1 EP 91901739 A EP91901739 A EP 91901739A EP 91901739 A EP91901739 A EP 91901739A EP 0513022 B1 EP0513022 B1 EP 0513022B1
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Prior art keywords
appliance
coating
mass
catalyst
micrometers
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0513022A1 (fr
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Ahmet Cem Dr. Firatli
Friedrich Dr. Henninger
Norbert Schaefer
Jiri Dr. Sobota
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Braun GmbH
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Braun GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/12—Radiant burners
    • F23D14/18—Radiant burners using catalysis for flameless combustion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D1/00—Curling-tongs, i.e. tongs for use when hot; Curling-irons, i.e. irons for use when hot; Accessories therefor
    • A45D1/02—Curling-tongs, i.e. tongs for use when hot; Curling-irons, i.e. irons for use when hot; Accessories therefor with means for internal heating, e.g. by liquid fuel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heatable device for personal use, in particular a hair care device, with a device for flameless combustion of a fuel / air mixture and with an associated activation device for initiating flameless combustion, the device (18) having a stable support body (28 ) with the mass m T and the density s T , the support body (28) is provided with a coating (35), a specific surface O B (according to BET) and the mass m B and the coating (35) is a catalytically active Material (36) of mass m K carries or contains.
  • Such a device is already known from US-A-4,524,094, wherein a self-supporting catalytic device for receiving air-gas mixtures for flame-free catalytic combustion is provided, with a structure of yarns, threads or strands that are loosely matted or twisted inorganic fibers are formed and braided uniformly and loosely into a cylindrical sleeve.
  • a catalytic coating is applied to the outer surface of the braided threads as well as within the interstices or stitches, the braiding tension being set in such a way that a low pressure drop is maintained, which corresponds to both the mechanical strength of the sleeve for self-supporting formation and a sufficient catalytic area the braiding should take into account.
  • the device for flameless combustion consists of catalytically coated quartz wool which, for reasons of mechanical stability and a sufficiently precise positionability, is arranged between two coil springs which serve to hold the quartz wool.
  • the catalytically active quartz wool is used for the flameless combustion of a supplied fuel / air mixture, the heat of combustion being used to heat a device for personal use, for example to heat a gas-operated curling iron.
  • the catalytic combustion of the fuel / air mixture only begins when the catalytically active material has reached a certain activation temperature (LOT light-off temperature).
  • LOT light-off temperature The energy required to reach the activation temperature of the catalyst is supplied to the catalyst by means of an associated activation device.
  • This activation device ignites a fuel / air mixture entering a combustion chamber of the device after the fuel supply has been switched on by means of one or more sparks or a flame brought in from outside, the ignited fuel / air mixture automatically extinguishing again within a fraction of a second or a few seconds.
  • the energy released by this ignition is sufficient to bring at least individual zones of the catalyst to the activation temperature and to initiate the catalytic, that is to say flameless, combustion within the catalyst.
  • the following problem arises precisely when using the known catalyst in hair care devices.
  • Certain user groups of such hair care devices heated by flameless combustion have the habit of using hair care products or foam setting agents, hair sprays, shampoos or similar agents before or during the hair treatment.
  • the air in the vicinity of the hair care device is more or less enriched with these hair care substances or parts thereof.
  • This ambient air is partially drawn in by the fuel-heated hair care device to produce a corresponding fuel / air mixture.
  • these hair care products are extremely disadvantageous, especially if they contain silicone-containing substances for the life of the catalyst.
  • the occupancy tests carried out show that an occupancy of the catalyst with 5 g of hair care products is sufficient to deteriorate the properties of the catalyst to such an extent that it can be activated intolerable values are reduced or the degree of catalytic conversion of the fuel / air mixture falls below a lower threshold.
  • Devices whose catalyst has a hair care occupancy of more than 5 g are therefore usually unusable for the user and a case for customer service.
  • the present catalytic converter must be brought to its activation temperature by means of an ignition explosion or a brief flame, while the catalytic converter without further measures automatically reaches the required operating temperature due to the hot exhaust gases flowing past reached.
  • the development of an improved catalyst which overcomes these disadvantages is determined to a considerable extent by the boundary condition that the catalyst is initially brought to activation temperature by a short-term combustion of the fuel / air mixture by means of an open flame or an explosive ignition of the mixture.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a heatable device of personal need with a device for flameless combustion of a fuel / air mixture and with an associated activation device for initiating flameless combustion in such a way that the life of the device in the hand of the user increases considerably becomes.
  • This object is achieved in a device of the type mentioned in that the ratio
  • This parameter representation using the size delta - the size delta represents the actual surface (measured according to the BET method) of the coating of the catalyst in relation to Volume of the carrier body - was chosen for the following reasons.
  • the actual surface of the coating of a catalyst, which serves as a carrier of the catalytically active material, is, as the studies suggest, determining the maximum permissible coverage of the catalyst with hair care products or similar poisoning substances.
  • an upper limit is reached, provided that the activatability of the catalytic converter is also taken into account by means of a brief supply of heat from an open flame or ignition explosion.
  • An increase in the mass of the coating material leads to an increase in the heat capacity of the catalyst and to a resulting deterioration in the activation behavior.
  • Only a limited amount of fuel / air mixture is available for activating the catalyst, since the dimensions of the ignitable volume are restricted to certain sizes by the respective device type. If the volume of the fuel / air mixture to be ignited by a spark is limited, the catalytic converter cannot exceed certain values with regard to the permissible heat capacity if reliable activation is to be ensured. Due to such restrictions, the maximum permissible surface area of the coating of the catalyst is limited to upper values.
  • the denominator of the size delta is formed by the volume of the carrier body.
  • a large volume of the carrier body leads to a high mass of the support body and thus also to a high heat capacity of the catalyst. The mass should therefore assume low values in order not to impair the activatability of the catalyst.
  • the mass or the volume of the carrier body also determines its mechanical stability. The mechanical stability of the carrier body decreases with the mass or the volume of the carrier body.
  • the effects of conflicting requirements can therefore be represented by the size delta.
  • the mechanical stability of the catalyst requires a high mass or a high volume of the support body.
  • the volume of the carrier body is preferred for describing the effects and defining the limit values over the possible sizes of mass or heat capacity, since this results in a material-independent, easily verifiable property as a parameter in the size delta. It would be physically more sensible to use the heat capacity, which for a given carrier material is, however, directly proportional to the volume of the carrier.
  • a high surface of the coating or a large mass of the coating ensures insensitivity to occupancy by hair care products.
  • a high mass of the coating or of the carrier body leads to an increase in the heat capacity of the catalyst and worsens the activatability.
  • the three conditions namely sufficient mechanical stability, increased insensitivity to occupancy and good activatability are sufficiently taken into account when delta values in the range from 0.3.106 to 30. Assumes 106 cm2 / cm3.
  • the activation is comparable to that of conventional devices, the sensitivity to the assignment with hair care products is more than a factor 10 reduced and the mechanical stability is improved many times over, so that the catalytic converter can be installed in the device as an independent assembly, reproducible and geometrically accurate.
  • Mechanical problems caused by fibers falling out of the catalyst have been eliminated. Due to the sufficient mechanical stability, a geometrically defined manufacture of the catalytic converter with the associated defined setting of the flow resistance is possible.
  • the flow resistance over the life of the catalyst can be regarded as constant and set reproducibly.
  • the mechanically stable catalytic converter assembly offers considerable advantages during the manufacture of the devices and also when repairs are required in customer service.
  • the deformability of the carrier body which is present despite the mechanical stability, allows great freedom of design in the geometric configuration. In addition to hollow cylindrical, prismatic, oval or corrugated bodies can also be easily produced.
  • the carrier body consists of a perforated metal foil, in particular a stainless steel foil or also a wire mesh with a thickness of less than 100 micrometers and preferably of approximately 35 micrometers
  • a carrier body of small volume is advantageously provided with sufficient mechanical stability, which ensures safe activation of the catalyst.
  • the conventional catalysts used in gas curling irons each have a coating surface area of approximately 0.6 m2 (according to BET) with a catalytically active surface of approximately 0.1-0.3 m2 (measured by means of CO coating).
  • the CO surface which is decisive for the catalytic activity ie measured by means of CO coating
  • the susceptibility of the catalyst to poisoning by hair care products, in particular by the silicone-containing substances present in these hair care products is greatly reduced.
  • the particles responsible for poisoning the catalyst statistically cover the surface of the ceramic coating, specifically regardless of whether the ceramic coating is coated with catalytically active material or not. If only a certain fraction of the ceramic coating is provided with catalytically active material, only the substances causing the poisoning of the catalyst can contribute to the poisoning with this fraction if it is assumed that the catalyst is coated in a statistically uniform manner.
  • the ratio of the mass of the catalytically active material to the mass of the coating assumes values less than 0.2 and preferred values less than 0.13, sintering of the catalytically active material with the associated reduction in the catalytically active surface (CO- Surface) largely avoided.
  • the mean cluster distance for example the platinum cluster, is a multiple of the average diameter of a cluster, so that intermolecular interactions, which lead to sintering of the catalytically active material, are largely negligible at the operating temperatures of the catalyst .
  • this adjustment of the mass ratios of catalytically active material and coating takes into account the fact that only a fraction of the surface of the coating is to be coated with catalytically active material.
  • the activation device ignites a fuel / air mixture of a volume V G and the total mass m G of the catalyst, based on the volume V G .
  • values less than 0.1 g / cm3 and preferred values of less than 0.01 g / cm3 assumes an extremely advantageous dimensioning rule, which is independent of the actual catalyst construction, to ensure an extremely advantageous activation behavior of the catalyst.
  • This dimensioning rule the Taking into account the fact that the catalyst can be brought to its operating temperature at a predetermined value of the ignitable volume by igniting this volume, the lower the total mass of the catalyst. On the basis of experimental investigations, it was possible to estimate that a 1 cm3 ignitable volume is able to bring up to 100 mg of catalyst mass to operating temperature.
  • Preferred values are in the range below 10 mg to 30 mg catalyst mass per cm3 of ignitable volume.
  • a lower limit with regard to the catalyst mass is given by the boundary condition that the catalyst should have a mechanically stable behavior.
  • the parameter delta is specially designed for a carrier body consisting of a stainless steel foil, a thickness d of approximately 35 micrometers +/- 25% and a ceramic coating, for example transition alumina with a specific surface area of approximately 200 m2 / g (according to BET) Values in the range 2.8. 106 +/- 50% cm2 / cm3 set.
  • the special value range of the delta parameter definitely also has dependencies on the respective geometric configuration of the catalytic converter, this value has proven extremely useful for the application of the catalytic converter in a gas curling iron.
  • the catalyst is mechanically stable and capable of activation and, on the other hand, it is extremely insensitive to the use of hair care products.
  • the measure of placing at least 2.5% of the area of the carrier body perpendicular to a direction of propagation of a flame front, which is generated by the activation device, provides such a dimensioning rule for arranging the catalyst in a device of personal need, which is particularly important ensures high activation capacity of the catalyst.
  • This value represents a lower limit.
  • this area portion of the carrier body can definitely assume values in the range of 5 - 15% and led to extremely positive activation properties.
  • the use of a distributor made of a sieve fabric in relation to the direction of flow upstream of the catalytic converter causes a further homogenization of the fuel / air mixture and thus an extremely uniform combustion in the catalytic converter.
  • the dimensioning of the catalyst represents an optimum between the different boundary conditions of activatability, susceptibility to poisoning and mechanical stability.
  • a ratio of the platinum mass to the mass of the coating of 0.1 +/- 50% has proven in practice to be an extremely advantageous compromise on the one hand a high activation ability and on the other hand a high resistance to poisoning is guaranteed.
  • the special geometrical design of the stainless steel foil as a hollow cylinder closed on one side and having a height of approx. 3 cm and an average diameter of approx. 1 cm represents an optimal adaptation of the catalyst to a gas-operated curling iron.
  • the use of the catalyst in gas-operated curling irons has proven to be particularly advantageous. Hair dryers, irons, curling stations, bottle warmers, gas cookers, hot plates, etc.
  • a curling iron 10 is shown with a partially broken winding body 12 and handle 11 in a partial view.
  • a switch 14 is used to open a nozzle 15 for starting up the curling iron. Gas flows through the nozzle 15 from a container (not shown) accommodated in the handle 11 into a venturi tube 16. In this area, the fuel flowing out of the nozzle 15 is thoroughly mixed with the ambient air supplied or sucked in from the outside.
  • the venturi tube 16 is followed by a tube 17 which supplies the fuel / air mixture to a catalyst assembly 18 arranged centrally in the interior of the winding body 12. Ignition electrodes 20 are arranged between the Venturi tube 16 and the catalyst assembly 18.
  • the ignition electrodes 20 are used to generate one or more sparks for igniting the in the winding body 12 fuel / air mixture.
  • the ignition electrodes 20 are actuated by means of a slide switch 21 arranged on the handle 11, which acts on a piezo element.
  • the released energy of the combustion of the fuel / air mixture contained in the winding body 12 is sufficient with suitable dimensioning of the catalytic converter assembly 18 to heat it up to operating temperature, that is to say to activate it, in order to flame-free combustion of the fuel / air mixture by means of the catalytic converter assembly 18 in Gear.
  • the initial ignition explosion of the fuel / air mixture ignited by the ignition electrodes 20 is extinguished within a fraction of a second by the pressure wave of the explosion in the essentially all-round closed interior of the winding body 12, so that the catalytic combustion of the fuel / air mixture is initiated automatically without further manipulations on the device.
  • ignition by a friction wheel igniter instead of ignition by means of the ignition electrodes 20, ignition by a friction wheel igniter, a heating coil with a battery or by an open flame supplied from the outside is just as advantageous.
  • the catalytic converter assembly 18 consists of a base plate 24, which has a central opening 25 and adjoins the pipe 17. Between this base plate 24 and a retaining ring 27 there is a distributor 26, consisting of a sieve fabric with a mesh size in the range from 50 micrometers to 500 micrometers, in particular approximately 180 micrometers.
  • the distributor 26 brings about an equalization of the flow profile of the fuel / air mixture within the catalytic converter assembly 18 and ensures a uniform, homogeneous combustion.
  • the retaining ring 27 holds a carrier body 28, which is closed on one side and is designed as a hollow cylinder.
  • a cover 29 of the carrier body 28 is attached to the top of the hollow cylinder, offset somewhat from the interior thereof and closes the hollow cylinder downstream to form an annular wall 30.
  • the cover 29 can optionally be provided with, partially with or without openings 32.
  • the special design of the cover is determined by the boundary condition to achieve an optimal activation behavior of the catalyst. It has been shown that a cover 29 without openings 32 can contribute to a particularly good activation behavior depending on the special geometry.
  • the carrier body 28 consists of a steel foil, a thickness of less than 100 micrometers, preferably a thickness between 25 micrometers and 50 micrometers, in particular 35 micrometers (manufacturer Sandvik, Sweden, material OC 404).
  • the steel foil or the carrier body 28 have openings 32, the maximum diameter of which should not be significantly larger than 2 mm.
  • the proportion of holes in the regularly arranged openings 32, based on a projection area parallel to the support body 28, should be in the range between 5% and 60%, preferably between 15% and 50%, in particular around 42% - 43%.
  • the dimensions of the carrier body 28 are in the present exemplary embodiment at a height of approximately 30 mm, a diameter of approximately 10 mm and a mass of approximately 140 mg.
  • the carrier ring 27, which is firmly connected to the carrier body 28, has a mass of approximately 0.2 g +/- 20%, this mass having to be taken into account in view of the willingness to activate the catalyst and should not be chosen to be unnecessarily large.
  • the mass of the carrier ring 28 does not play such a decisive role.
  • the openings in the carrier body 28 can be produced by etching or punching the metal foil.
  • the formation of an expanded metal grid is preferred for manufacturing reasons.
  • a production of the carrier body 28 from a wound or woven wire is easily possible in terms of production technology and is within the scope of the possible modifications of the invention.
  • the metal foil is reworked into an expanded metal foil 34 by slitting and stretching. Subsequently, the hollow cylindrical carrier body 28, which is closed on one side, is produced from the expanded metal foil 34.
  • a ceramic coating 35 (washcoat), in particular a transition alumina, for example gamma-Al2O3.
  • the mass of this coating 35 in a preferred embodiment is approximately 26 +/- 5 mg.
  • the specific surface of the ceramic coating 35 preferably has values greater than 100 m2 / g, in particular a specific surface value of approximately 200 m2 / g (according to BET).
  • a catalytically active material 36 is applied to the ceramic coating 35, platinum or palladium or rhodium being preferred.
  • a mass of approximately 5 mg of platinum is applied to the catalyst.
  • this value represents an upper, production-related limit for the mass of the platinum to be applied; a mass of 2-3 mg platinum per catalyst is already sufficient.
  • the last step is a reduction firing of the catalyst to activate the catalytically active material 36 for the first time.
  • the ceramic coating 35 and the catalytically active material 36 in particular platinum, can optionally be applied to the carrier body 28 in one operation.
  • the catalyst assembly 18 produced in this way is mounted in the winding body 12 of the curling iron 10.
  • the catalyst assembly 18 is operated at flow rates of an isobutane gas of 60-120 mg / min and a fuel / air ratio of 1:20 to 1:35.
  • the activation of the catalyst assembly that is, the heating to those temperatures at which the catalytic Sufficient activity for the combustion of the supplied fuel / air mixture takes place by piezoelectric ignition of the fuel / air mixture present in the interior of the winding body 12 via the ignition electrodes 20.
  • the volume of the fuel / air mixture is approximately 24 cm 3 sufficient to safely activate the catalyst with a total mass of about 360 to 380 mg.
  • This mass of 360 to 380 mg includes not only the mass m T of the carrier body 28, but also the mass of the carrier ring 27, which must be taken into account when examining the willingness to activate due to the good thermal coupling.
  • the total mass of carrier body 28 and carrier ring 27 is denoted by m T.
  • the activation temperature (LOT) is around 120 ° C.
  • LOT activation temperature
  • part of the carrier body 28 of the catalyst assembly 18 is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the explosion wave of the fuel / air mixture. In practice, a value of at least 2.5% of the total area of the carrier body 28 has proven to be sufficient. Very good results are achieved with a surface of the carrier body 28 of approximately 5-15% perpendicular to the direction of ignition explosion propagation.
  • the formation of the ring wall 30 (FIGS. 1, 2) at the downstream end of the carrier body 28 also seems to be important for optimum activation.
  • this ring wall 30 contributes to the formation of turbulence during the explosion of the fuel / air mixture.
  • the center of the cover 29 first reaches the operating temperature and thus catalytic activity. In this respect, it makes sense to optimize the cover 29 in particular with regard to the activation ability.
  • the entire catalyst assembly 18 then reaches an operating temperature between approximately 400 ° and 900 ° C. due to the internal heat conduction and, as a whole, contributes to the flameless combustion of the fuel / air mixture.
  • the catalyst assembly 18 has high mechanical stability, low weight and excellent activatability. As shown in FIG. 4, this catalytic converter assembly is also highly superior to the conventional catalytic converter in terms of susceptibility to poisoning due in particular to hair care products. 4 shows the experimentally determined relationship between the mass of the coating 35 (washcoat) and the maximum coverage of the coating 35 with hair care products. The measurement points shown indicate how much hair care product can be used to coat a catalyst provided with the respective coating composition before it can be regarded as unusable due to poisoning effects. The measurement results show that the maximum occupancy of the catalyst increases with the mass of the ceramic coating applied to the catalyst. However, the coating 35 of the support body 28 cannot assume arbitrarily high values, since this considerably deteriorates the ignitability of the catalytic converter.
  • an optimum is found at those values which are identified by reference number 40. If the coating 35 of the carrier body 28 is set to the values identified by the reference number 40, the catalyst assembly 18 can be ignited with extremely high security and can be occupied with approximately 10 times the amount (based on the maximum occupancy amount of the conventional catalyst), without losing functionality.
  • the catalyst described in the exemplary embodiment can be coated with over 70 g of hair care products in a coating 35 with a mass of about 55 mg without impairing its functionality, while a conventional catalyst is already covered with about 5 g of hair care products (reference number 38 in Fig. 4) fails.
  • FIG. 5 shows, depending on the mass m T of the carrier body 28 and the mass m B of the coating 35, based on a single catalytic converter, to what extent these parameters can be varied taking into account all boundary conditions.
  • the straight lines marked with Delta Max and Delta Min indicate roughly the permissible variation range of the parameter Delta with regard to the required reduction of the catalyst's susceptibility to poisoning. Excessive masses of the carrier body 28 lead to a reduction in the ability to be activated or the willingness to activate of the catalyst and are therefore unfavorable. On the other hand, excessively small masses of the catalyst carrier body 28 cannot guarantee the required mechanical stability of the catalyst assembly 18.
  • the surface of the coating and the mass of the support body of the catalyst can be varied within the possible range restricted by these limits while ensuring the mechanical stability, activation capability and susceptibility to poisoning of the catalyst.
  • the areas marked by circles within this possible range of values were examined experimentally, whereby it was shown that the catalysts designed in this way meet all requirements.
  • the area identified by reference number 41 corresponds to the catalyst described in the preferred exemplary embodiment.
  • the investigated catalysts have a mass of the coating 35 per support body 28 between 12 mg and 80 mg with a mass m T of the support body 28 between about 70 mg and 700 mg.
  • the resulting values for delta lead to a variation range of approximately 1. 106 to 2. 107, in which the catalysts were able to meet all requirements.
  • the retaining ring 27 has only a mechanical, but not catalytic function. Due to the thermal coupling to the carrier body 28 - both are mechanically connected, it also influences the activation behavior of the catalyst.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Appareil chauffant pour des besoins personnels, en particulier appareil de soins capillaires (10), comportant un dispositif (18) de combustion sans flamme d'un mélange combustible/air et comportant un dispositif d'activation (20, 21) associé, pour l'amorçage de la combustion sans flamme, le dispositif (18) présentant un corps porteur stable (28) de masse mT et de densité sT, le corps porteur stable (28) étant doté d'un revêtement (35) d'une surface spécifique (suivant BET) OB et d'une masse mB, et le revêtement (35) portant ou contenant un matériau catalytiquement actif (36) de masse mK, caractérisé en ce que le rapport
    Figure imgb0016
     prend des valeurs dans la plage 0,3 . 10⁶ ≲ delta ≲ 30 . 10⁶.
  2. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le corps porteur (28) est constitué d'une feuille métallique dotée de perçages, en particulier d'une feuille en acier allié ou d'une grille de fils, d'une épaisseur d ≲ 100 micromètres, en particulier 25 micromètres ≲ d ≲ 50 micromètres, et de préférence d'environ 35 micromètres.
  3. Appareil selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la part des perçages, rapportée à la surface totale du corps porteur (28), est située dans la plage de 5 % à 60 %, de préférence de 15 % à 50 %.
  4. Appareil selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement (35) est constitué d'un matériau céramique, en particulier d'une alumine de transition, et présente une surface spécifique OB ≧ 100 m²/g, en particulier OB ≈ 200 m²/g +/- 30 %.
  5. Appareil selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau catalytiquement actif est constitué d'un des éléments Pt, Pd, Rh, en particulier Pt, et en ce que le rapport MKB = mK/mB prend des valeurs MKB ≲ 0,2, de préférence MKB ≲ 0,13.
  6. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'activation (20, 21) enflamme un mélange combustible/air d'un volume VG, et en ce que la masse totale mG = mT + mB + mK, rapportée au volume VG, présente les valeurs suivantes: m G /V G ≲ 0,1 g/cm³, et de préférence
    Figure imgb0017
     m G /V G ≲ 0,01 g/cm³.
    Figure imgb0018
  7. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le rapport MBT = mB/mT prend des valeurs 0,02 ≲ MBT ≲ 0,60, et de préférence M ≈ 0,2 +/- 50 %.
  8. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, pour une feuille en acier allié d'une épaisseur approximative d ≈ 30-50 micromètres en tant que corps porteur (28) et pour une alumine de transition avec une surface spécifique OB ≈ 200 m²/g +/- 30 % en tant que revêtement (35), delta prend une plage préférée de valeurs delta 2,8 . 10⁶ +/- 50 %.
  9. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins 2,5 % de la surface du corps porteur (28) sont situés perpendiculairement à une direction de propagation d'un front de flammes qui est produit par le dispositif d'activation (20, 21).
  10. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que devant le dispositif (18) par rapport au sens d'écoulement est disposé un distributeur (26) en tissus de tamis d'une largeur de maille dans la plage des 50 micromètres à 500 micromètres, en particulier de 180 micromètres.
  11. Appareil selon le préambule de la revendication 1, caractérisé par les particularités suivantes :
    a) le dispositif (18) est constitué d'une feuille perforée en acier allié d'une épaisseur entre 25 micromètres et 50 micromètres;
    b) la part des perçages, rapportée à la surface totale de la feuille en acier allié, est située entre 15 % et 50 %;
    c) la feuille en acier allié est chargée d'un revêtement céramique (35) d'une surface spécifique (suivant BET) située entre 140 et 260 m²/g;
    d) les masses du revêtement, mB, et de la feuille porteuse, mT, présentent un rapport mB/mT ≈ 0,2 +/- 50 %.
  12. Appareil selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement (35) sert de support à une masse mK de platine, les masses mK et mB présentant un rapport mK/mB ≈ 0,1 +/- 50 %.
  13. Appareil selon la revendication 11 ou 12, caractérisé en ce que la feuille d'acier allié forme un cylindre creux fermé d'un côté, de hauteur h = 3 cm +/- 1 cm et de diamètre moyen d = 1 cm +/- 0,5 cm.
  14. Appareil selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par son utilisation comme fer à boucler, sèche-cheveux, fer à repasser, poste à enrouler des boucles, chauffe-biberon, cuiseur à gaz, plaque chauffante, fonctionnant au gaz.
EP91901739A 1990-01-30 1990-12-13 Appareil chauffant a usage personnel Expired - Lifetime EP0513022B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE4002621A DE4002621A1 (de) 1990-01-30 1990-01-30 Beheizbares geraet des persoenlichen bedarfs
DE4002621 1990-01-30

Publications (2)

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EP0513022A1 EP0513022A1 (fr) 1992-11-19
EP0513022B1 true EP0513022B1 (fr) 1994-02-16

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Family Applications (1)

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EP91901739A Expired - Lifetime EP0513022B1 (fr) 1990-01-30 1990-12-13 Appareil chauffant a usage personnel

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US (1) US5320089A (fr)
EP (1) EP0513022B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2865862B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE101496T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2073984C (fr)
DE (2) DE4002621A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2050533T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1991011128A1 (fr)

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DE4119018A1 (de) * 1991-06-09 1992-12-10 Braun Ag Beheizbares geraet des persoenlichen bedarfs
US5944508A (en) 1997-04-01 1999-08-31 The Schawbel Corporation Portable heated appliance with catalytic heater with improved ignition system
EP1008191A1 (fr) * 1997-08-05 2000-06-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Actionneur piezoelectrique precontraint
US6048194A (en) * 1998-06-12 2000-04-11 Precision Combustion, Inc. Dry, low nox catalytic pilot
US20040216322A1 (en) * 2001-12-06 2004-11-04 Nicholas Collier Hairdryer
GB2394536B (en) * 2002-10-22 2006-01-25 Stordy Comb Engineering Ltd Burner heads and burners
WO2004064566A2 (fr) * 2003-01-16 2004-08-05 Conair Corporation Bigoudi pourvu d'un revetement ceramique
US20050221087A1 (en) * 2004-02-13 2005-10-06 James Economy Nanoporous chelating fibers
US20050202241A1 (en) 2004-03-10 2005-09-15 Jian-Ku Shang High surface area ceramic coated fibers
US7841180B2 (en) * 2006-12-19 2010-11-30 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for controlling combustor operability

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EP0141861B1 (fr) * 1983-04-20 1992-02-05 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Dispositif de combustion catalytique
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2073984C (fr) 1995-10-10
CA2073984A1 (fr) 1991-07-31
EP0513022A1 (fr) 1992-11-19
DE59004643D1 (de) 1994-03-24
ATE101496T1 (de) 1994-03-15
DE4002621A1 (de) 1991-08-01
JP2865862B2 (ja) 1999-03-08
US5320089A (en) 1994-06-14
ES2050533T3 (es) 1994-05-16
JPH05504077A (ja) 1993-07-01
WO1991011128A1 (fr) 1991-08-08

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