EP0509200B1 - Procédé de fabrication d'explosifs désensibilisés - Google Patents
Procédé de fabrication d'explosifs désensibilisés Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0509200B1 EP0509200B1 EP92102032A EP92102032A EP0509200B1 EP 0509200 B1 EP0509200 B1 EP 0509200B1 EP 92102032 A EP92102032 A EP 92102032A EP 92102032 A EP92102032 A EP 92102032A EP 0509200 B1 EP0509200 B1 EP 0509200B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- polymer
- roller
- explosive
- aqueous dispersion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/005—Desensitisers, phlegmatisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/34—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being a nitrated acyclic, alicyclic or heterocyclic amine
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing phlegmatized, high-energy explosives, in particular hexogen (RDX) or octogen (HMX), as a component of plastic-bound explosives or propellant charge powder, in that the particulate explosive is coated with a desensitizing polymer from an aqueous phase.
- RDX hexogen
- HMX octogen
- Hexogen and octogen are characterized by a high energy or explosiveness for their use, which, however, causes considerable problems for processing.
- the high sensitivity to friction and impact leads to a correspondingly high security risk.
- This security risk is the higher, ever the grain size distribution is wider and the larger the coarse grain fraction is, since single grain detonations can then occur, for example, in propellant grains.
- Such single-grain detonations are also undesirable in use, especially when used in Lova-TLP.
- the coarse-grained fraction leads, for example, to intermittent burns in the case of TLP combustion interruptions, as a result of which the geometry of the propellant charge body changes in an uncontrolled manner and the combustion behavior and the ballistics are thus negatively influenced.
- any water moisture that may still be present is granulated in the same mixer.
- a wax is proposed as a desensitizer, which is dissolved in perchlorethylene.
- Graphite powder is also used added, which also has a desensitizing effect, in particular prevents electrostatic charges.
- a high-energy explosive produced in this way has a broad grain distribution with a high proportion of coarse grain, which not only shows the aforementioned disadvantages in processing, but is also responsible for certain technical defects.
- These explosives cannot be added to the otherwise very advantageous processing of propellant powders and explosive mixtures in extruders, in particular twin screw extruders, since the security risk is too great.
- the invention has for its object to propose a method of the type mentioned, which on the one hand does not require environmentally harmful solvents, and on the other hand leads to desensitized explosives with low sensitivity to friction.
- This object is achieved in that the particulate explosive with a particle size of up to 20 »m slurried with the polymer in aqueous dispersion, the sludges applied to a rotating, heated roller, the application dried at a temperature> 100 ° C without pressure and after Drying is scraped off the roller.
- the process according to the invention can be carried out continuously and does not require any special precautions for workplace protection or environmental protection, since work is carried out in the aqueous phase.
- a homogeneous dispersion can be achieved, which can be applied to the roller without any safety risk and which is dried without pressure by mere evaporation.
- the explosive particles are coated homogeneously with the polymer.
- the polymer used for desensitization preferably also forms the plastic binder for the finished explosive or propellant powder, the polymer being added in the amount or a part thereof required for the end product.
- polystyrene-1,3-butadiene-acrylonitrile, vinyl propionate acrylate the polymer preferably being used in a 50 to 55% strength aqueous dispersion.
- polyvinyl alcohol can also be used as the polymer, the aqueous dispersion additionally containing glycerol.
- a surface-active additive is preferably added to the aqueous dispersion.
- a surface-active additive for example, highly disperse, amorphous silicon dioxide can be used as the surface-active additive.
- the aforementioned additive prevents the formation of vapor bubbles, which in turn will cause the layer to crack open and possibly flake off. Furthermore, the flowability and the quality of the order is improved.
- Adequate desensitization is obtained when the explosive is slurried with 5 to 25% by weight of polymer in aqueous dispersion.
- the explosive is preferably used with a grain size of up to 10 .mu.m, and the grain size spectrum can also be in the range between 3 and 5 .mu.m.
- the slurry applied to the roller is preferably dried at a roller temperature between 110 ° C and 150 ° C, preferably ⁇ 140 ° C, which allows relatively short residence times to be achieved. These can be, for example, in the range of 60 s and a little more if a roller of at least 150 cm is used and the layer thickness is ⁇ 10 mm.
- An inventive desensitized RDX with a higher polymer content e.g. B. in the range of 15 to 25% can be used directly as basic granules when extruding LOVA propellant powder.
- a test series with hexogen (RDX) with a grain size of 10 »m and various polymers is shown in Table I in accordance with the annex, and the friction sensitivity and impact sensitivity determined in each case are listed.
- the desensitizers are shown in capital letters, which are explained in the footnote to the table.
- the example shows similarly good results in terms of sensitivity to friction with 75% by weight RDX and 25% by weight polymer A dispersed in water.
- the impact sensitivity in this case is 0.35 kgm.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
Claims (13)
- Procédé de fabrication d'explosifs hautement énergétiques, désensibilisés, tels que l'hexogène (RDX) ou l'octogène (HMX), en tant que composants d'explosifs obtenus par la combinaison de matières synthétiques ou de poudre pour charge propulsive, procédé dans lequel l'explosif, sous forme de particules, est recouvert en phase aqueuse d'un polymère désensibilisant, caractérisé en ce que l'explosif sous forme de particules, d'une granulométrie allant jusqu'à 20 »m, est mis en suspension avec le polymère dans une dispersion aqueuse, en ce que la suspension est appliquée sur un tambour chauffant en rotation et en ce que l'enduit est séché à une température supérieure à 100°C à la pression atmosphérique et raclé du tambour après séchage.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le polymère est choisi dans le groupe du styrène-butadiène-1,3-acrylonitrile, vinylpropionate-acrylate.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le polymère est utilisé dans une dispersion aqueuse de 50 à 55 %.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le polymère utilisé est de l'alcool polyvinylique et en ce que la dispersion aqueuse contient en plus de la glycérine.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'on ajoute à la dispersion aqueuse un additif tensioactif.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'additif tensioactif utilisé est du dioxyde de silicium amorphe très dispersé.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le désensibilisant utilisé est un polymère servant également de liant synthétique pour l'explosif ou la poudre pour charge propulsive.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'explosif est mis en suspension en dispersion aqueuse avec 5 à 25% en masse de polymère.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise des explosifs dont la granulométrie des particules peut aller jusqu'à 10 »m.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'enduit sur le tambour est séché à une température comprise entre 110 et 150°C.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que l'enduit sur le tambour est séché à une température comprise entre 110 et 140°C.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'enduit est appliqué sur un tambour dont la périphérie est d'au moins 150 cm et en ce que la durée de contact de l'enduit avec le tambour est supérieure à 60 secondes.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que l'enduit est appliqué sur le tambour en une couche d'épaisseur inférieure à 10 mm.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4111752A DE4111752C1 (fr) | 1991-04-11 | 1991-04-11 | |
DE4111752 | 1991-04-11 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0509200A1 EP0509200A1 (fr) | 1992-10-21 |
EP0509200B1 true EP0509200B1 (fr) | 1995-07-05 |
Family
ID=6429315
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92102032A Expired - Lifetime EP0509200B1 (fr) | 1991-04-11 | 1992-02-07 | Procédé de fabrication d'explosifs désensibilisés |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5547527A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0509200B1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE4111752C1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6893516B2 (en) | 2001-11-14 | 2005-05-17 | Diehl Munitionssysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg | Insensitive pressable explosive |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4324739C1 (de) * | 1993-07-23 | 1994-09-08 | Deutsche Aerospace | Gegossene kunststoffgebundene Sprengladung |
FR2728562B1 (fr) * | 1994-12-22 | 1997-01-24 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | Procede de fabrication en continu de chargements pyrotechniques a liant silicone et compositions susceptibles d'etre mises en oeuvre par ce procede |
DE19605346C1 (de) * | 1996-02-14 | 1997-07-24 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Phlegmatisierter Energieträger und Verfahren zur Rückgewinnung des in dem phlegmatisierten Energieträger enthaltenen Explosivstoffs |
CA2253484A1 (fr) * | 1996-05-03 | 1997-11-13 | Eastman Chemical Company | Compositions explosives |
CA2253500A1 (fr) * | 1996-05-03 | 1997-11-13 | Ralph Edward Dawson | Compositions explosives |
JP2000510089A (ja) * | 1996-05-03 | 2000-08-08 | イーストマン ケミカル カンパニー | 爆発性調合物 |
US5808234A (en) * | 1996-05-06 | 1998-09-15 | Eastman Chemical Company | Explosive formulations |
JP2001501159A (ja) * | 1996-10-15 | 2001-01-30 | イーストマン ケミカル カンパニー | 爆薬配合物 |
DE19907809C2 (de) * | 1999-02-24 | 2002-10-10 | Nitrochemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von ein-, zwei- oder dreibasigen Triebladungspulvern für Rohrwaffenmunition |
ZA200205775B (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2003-03-28 | Diehl Munitionssysteme Gmbh | Insensitive hexogen explosive. |
FR2925488B1 (fr) * | 2007-12-19 | 2011-12-23 | Snpe Materiaux Energetiques | Desensibilisation par enrobage de cristaux de substances energetiques explosives ; cristaux de telles substances enrobes, materiaux energetiques. |
US8575074B2 (en) | 2011-06-06 | 2013-11-05 | Los Alamos National Security, Llc | Insensitive explosive composition and method of fracturing rock using an extrudable form of the composition |
CN103012299B (zh) * | 2012-12-27 | 2015-01-14 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | 基于dmso/h2o二元体系的hmx制备方法 |
US9850180B1 (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2017-12-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Method for manufacture of amorphous energetics |
RU2734192C1 (ru) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-10-13 | Акционерное общество "Взрывгеосервис" | Взрывчатый состав для изготовления зарядов кумулятивных перфораторов (варианты) |
Family Cites Families (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE257319C (fr) * | ||||
US1036906A (en) * | 1912-08-27 | O Reuter | Granular explosive, especially suitable for the preparation of pressed pieces, and method of making the same. | |
US1007276A (en) * | 1909-09-24 | 1911-10-31 | Du Pont Powder Co | Method of solidifying crystallizable mixtures without substantial crystallization. |
US2438281A (en) * | 1945-12-10 | 1948-03-23 | Us Sec War | Method for processing plastic sheets |
US3348986A (en) * | 1955-02-04 | 1967-10-24 | Charles W Sauer | Process of preparing plastic coated high explosive particles and articles |
US3296041A (en) * | 1964-07-08 | 1967-01-03 | Eastman Kodak Co | Granulated crystalline plastic bonded explosives |
US3266957A (en) * | 1964-09-24 | 1966-08-16 | Richard H Stresau | Booster explosive of ultrafine desensitized cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine and method of preparing same |
US3338764A (en) * | 1965-08-19 | 1967-08-29 | Du Pont | Flexible detonating compositions containing high explosives and polymeric metallocarboxylates |
US3428502A (en) * | 1966-10-25 | 1969-02-18 | Du Pont | Polyvinyl acetate binder for crystalline explosive |
US3586551A (en) * | 1968-08-27 | 1971-06-22 | Du Pont | Water-degradable cap-sensitive selfsupporting explosive |
US4163681A (en) * | 1970-04-15 | 1979-08-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Desensitized explosives and castable thermally stable high energy explosive compositions therefrom |
FR2135534B1 (fr) * | 1971-05-06 | 1973-06-29 | Wasagchemie Ag | |
US4113811A (en) * | 1975-07-02 | 1978-09-12 | Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the production of flexible explosive formed charges |
US4092187A (en) * | 1976-08-18 | 1978-05-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Process for coating crystalline high explosives |
NO144666C (no) * | 1980-02-29 | 1981-10-14 | Dyno Industrier As | Fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av aluminiumholdige hoeyenergisprengstoffblandinger |
DE3010052C2 (de) * | 1980-03-15 | 1982-09-09 | Friedrich-Ulf 8899 Rettenbach Deisenroth | Verfahren zur Herstellung von kunststoffgebundenen Explosivstoffen |
CA1195122A (fr) * | 1981-05-25 | 1985-10-15 | Paul Arni | Methode de preparation d'un explosif brisant; produit ainsi obtenu, et sa mise en forme |
DE3234978C1 (de) * | 1982-09-22 | 1984-01-26 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München | Gegossene Sprengladung |
NO153804C (no) * | 1984-02-08 | 1986-05-28 | Dyno Indusrtrier A S Nitroglyc | Fremgangsmaate for belegning av krystallinske hoeyeksplosiver. |
DE3625412A1 (de) * | 1986-07-26 | 1988-02-04 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | Verfahren zur herstellung eines kunststoffgebundenen explosivstoffs |
DE3711995A1 (de) * | 1987-04-09 | 1988-10-20 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | Verfahren zum phlegmatisieren von spreng- und treibstoffen |
JPH07112537B2 (ja) * | 1987-11-27 | 1995-12-06 | ダイセル化学工業株式会社 | 発火または爆発性の高い物質の原料組成物の混合方法 |
US4882994A (en) * | 1988-01-28 | 1989-11-28 | Veltman Preston Leonard | Particulate fuel components for solid propellant systems |
DE3804396C1 (en) * | 1988-02-12 | 1989-05-18 | Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gmbh, 8012 Ottobrunn, De | Process for producing plastic-bonded explosives |
DE3934368C1 (fr) * | 1989-10-14 | 1990-11-15 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung Ev, 8000 Muenchen, De |
-
1991
- 1991-04-11 DE DE4111752A patent/DE4111752C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-02-07 DE DE59202779T patent/DE59202779D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-02-07 EP EP92102032A patent/EP0509200B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-08-16 US US08/106,789 patent/US5547527A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 070, no. 24, 16. Juni 1969, Columbus, Ohio, US;abstract no. 107929G, 'Solid self-supporting explosives' Seite 104; and CS-A-127 990 (J. Vacek et al.) 15.06 1968 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6893516B2 (en) | 2001-11-14 | 2005-05-17 | Diehl Munitionssysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg | Insensitive pressable explosive |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59202779D1 (de) | 1995-08-10 |
DE4111752C1 (fr) | 1992-09-17 |
US5547527A (en) | 1996-08-20 |
EP0509200A1 (fr) | 1992-10-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0509200B1 (fr) | Procédé de fabrication d'explosifs désensibilisés | |
EP2388244B1 (fr) | Charge propulsive | |
DE3010052C2 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von kunststoffgebundenen Explosivstoffen | |
EP0068528B1 (fr) | Explosif de puissance élevée, à liant de matière plastique, formable a froid et son procédé de fabrication | |
DE19501889B4 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Zündmittelgranulats | |
EP0423432B1 (fr) | Explosif désensibilisé et son procédé de fabrication | |
DE2323709C3 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung gehäusefreier Treibsätze | |
DE3614173C1 (de) | Granuliertes,stabilisiertes alpha- und beta-Oktogen und Verfahren zur Herstellung von alpha-Oktogen | |
EP3872054B1 (fr) | Liant pour un explosif | |
DE2412523A1 (de) | Pyrotechnische substanzen und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung | |
DE3711995C2 (fr) | ||
DE10027413B4 (de) | Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Treibmittelzusammensetzung unter Anwendung eines Trockenmischverfahrens | |
DE1771720B2 (de) | Initialsatz | |
US3093523A (en) | Process for making extrudable propellant | |
DE2448615C3 (de) | Feste Treibmittel und ihre Verwendung | |
AT410315B (de) | Signaturarmer und schadstoffreduzierter, pyrotechnischer darstellungskörper | |
DE3113010A1 (de) | "doppelbasige festtreibstoffe mit verbessertem abbrandverhalten" | |
EP0254820A2 (fr) | Procédé de fabrication d'un explosif lié avec un polymère | |
DE86568C (fr) | ||
DE3215477C1 (de) | Zweibasige Propergolblöcke mit erhöhtem Nitramingehalt und Gießverfahren zu ihrer Herstellung | |
DE908792C (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Dispersionen von Cellulosederviaten | |
DE1808922B2 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines sprengstoffes, der eine nitroglycerinnitroglykolmischung und ammoniumnitrat enthaelt | |
DE2436743C3 (de) | Thermoplastische Zusammensetzung auf Polyvinylnitratbasis | |
DE1067719B (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Globularpulver auf der Basis von gelatinierbaren Polynitrostoffen | |
EP1438274A2 (fr) | Production de nitrocellulose anhydre et de matieres explosives sous forme spheroidale |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB IT LI SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19920912 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19940201 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB IT LI SE |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19950706 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59202779 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19950810 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: UFFICIO BREVETTI RICCARDI & C. |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20010223 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020228 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020228 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20050125 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20050216 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20050221 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20060207 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20060208 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20060228 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20060425 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed | ||
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20060207 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20061031 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20060228 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20070901 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20070207 |