EP0509179B1 - Verfahren zum Vakuumverpacken von Produkten, insbesondere kosmetische oder pharmazeutische Produkte, in Behältern mit veränderbaren Grössen, verschlossen durch ein Verteilungsorgan ohne Abluft - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Vakuumverpacken von Produkten, insbesondere kosmetische oder pharmazeutische Produkte, in Behältern mit veränderbaren Grössen, verschlossen durch ein Verteilungsorgan ohne Abluft Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0509179B1
EP0509179B1 EP91400996A EP91400996A EP0509179B1 EP 0509179 B1 EP0509179 B1 EP 0509179B1 EP 91400996 A EP91400996 A EP 91400996A EP 91400996 A EP91400996 A EP 91400996A EP 0509179 B1 EP0509179 B1 EP 0509179B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
pump
piston
neck
socket
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91400996A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0509179A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Varlet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aptar France SAS
Original Assignee
Valois SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valois SAS filed Critical Valois SAS
Priority to DE1991607443 priority Critical patent/DE69107443T2/de
Publication of EP0509179A1 publication Critical patent/EP0509179A1/de
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Publication of EP0509179B1 publication Critical patent/EP0509179B1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/0005—Components or details
    • B05B11/0097—Means for filling or refilling the sprayer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/0005—Components or details
    • B05B11/0037—Containers
    • B05B11/0039—Containers associated with means for compensating the pressure difference between the ambient pressure and the pressure inside the container, e.g. pressure relief means
    • B05B11/0041—Containers associated with means for compensating the pressure difference between the ambient pressure and the pressure inside the container, e.g. pressure relief means compensating underpressure without contact of the fluid remaining in the container with the atmospheric air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/0005—Components or details
    • B05B11/0037—Containers
    • B05B11/0039—Containers associated with means for compensating the pressure difference between the ambient pressure and the pressure inside the container, e.g. pressure relief means
    • B05B11/0044—Containers associated with means for compensating the pressure difference between the ambient pressure and the pressure inside the container, e.g. pressure relief means compensating underpressure by ingress of atmospheric air into the container, i.e. with venting means
    • B05B11/00446—Containers associated with means for compensating the pressure difference between the ambient pressure and the pressure inside the container, e.g. pressure relief means compensating underpressure by ingress of atmospheric air into the container, i.e. with venting means the means being located at the bottom of the container or of an enclosure surrounding the container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/02—Membranes or pistons acting on the contents inside the container, e.g. follower pistons
    • B05B11/026—Membranes separating the content remaining in the container from the atmospheric air to compensate underpressure inside the container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/02—Membranes or pistons acting on the contents inside the container, e.g. follower pistons
    • B05B11/028—Pistons separating the content remaining in the container from the atmospheric air to compensate underpressure inside the container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1001—Piston pumps
    • B05B11/1016—Piston pumps the outlet valve having a valve seat located downstream a movable valve element controlled by a pressure actuated controlling element
    • B05B11/1018—Piston pumps the outlet valve having a valve seat located downstream a movable valve element controlled by a pressure actuated controlling element and the controlling element cooperating with means for opening or closing the inlet valve
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1042—Components or details
    • B05B11/1061—Pump priming means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B3/00—Packaging plastic material, semiliquids, liquids or mixed solids and liquids, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, or jars
    • B65B3/04—Methods of, or means for, filling the material into the containers or receptacles
    • B65B3/16—Methods of, or means for, filling the material into the containers or receptacles for filling collapsible tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B31/00—Packaging articles or materials under special atmospheric or gaseous conditions; Adding propellants to aerosol containers
    • B65B31/02—Filling, closing, or filling and closing, containers or wrappers in chambers maintained under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure or containing a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B31/00—Packaging articles or materials under special atmospheric or gaseous conditions; Adding propellants to aerosol containers
    • B65B31/02—Filling, closing, or filling and closing, containers or wrappers in chambers maintained under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure or containing a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas
    • B65B31/025—Filling, closing, or filling and closing, containers or wrappers in chambers maintained under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure or containing a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas specially adapted for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B7/00—Closing containers or receptacles after filling
    • B65B7/14—Closing collapsible or resilient tubes, e.g. for tooth paste, for lighter fuel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/0005—Components or details
    • B05B11/0037—Containers
    • B05B11/0039—Containers associated with means for compensating the pressure difference between the ambient pressure and the pressure inside the container, e.g. pressure relief means
    • B05B11/0041—Containers associated with means for compensating the pressure difference between the ambient pressure and the pressure inside the container, e.g. pressure relief means compensating underpressure without contact of the fluid remaining in the container with the atmospheric air
    • B05B11/00411—Containers associated with means for compensating the pressure difference between the ambient pressure and the pressure inside the container, e.g. pressure relief means compensating underpressure without contact of the fluid remaining in the container with the atmospheric air the means being an inert gas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vacuum packaging process for liquid to pasty products such as milks and creams used in cosmetology or in pharmacy. It makes it possible in particular to offer them in distributors formed by a variable capacity reservoir closed by an "airless" distribution pump, that is to say, according to the term used in the profession, without air intake. Means for varying the capacity of the reservoir are inter alia provided for fear that, when full, its envelope exerts relative pressure on the enclosed product, thus ensuring good emission of the product from the first actuation of the pump. These same means also ensure, while the dispensers are running out, that product can be pumped despite the absence of a concomitant air intake.
  • the resulting liquid to pasty product dispensers are particularly convenient. They also form part of the invention as well as a device useful for implementing the present method.
  • the only types of distributors of liquid to pasty products in which the air vacuum has been created have included a rigid reservoir (such as a glass vial or a metal container) associated with a distribution member.
  • a rigid reservoir such as a glass vial or a metal container
  • the latter is in this case of the valve type.
  • the corresponding conditioning process includes a phase during which the air remaining in the filled reservoir is sucked between the neck of the latter and the valve arranged thereon without being yet attached to it. This then has the effect of vacuuming the interior of the tank while the valve is applied hermetically to the neck.
  • a later phase consisting in permanently fixing the valve to the neck (by crimping, swaging, etc.) can then take place at any time after the end of the aspiration.
  • This process is mainly used for distributors kept under pressure thanks to a propellant gas.
  • the temporary creation of a vacuum in the tank makes it possible to offer the space necessary for this gas without ultimately leading to a significant overpressure.
  • the propellant is then introduced through the valve attached to the tank.
  • variable capacity tanks associated with pumps without air intake or airless this process of the prior art is no longer practicable.
  • the suction would indeed have the consequence, with the evacuation of part of the product, to deform the reservoir. And, while its content would therefore remain at atmospheric pressure, the dispensing member would not be applied in a particularly sealed manner to the neck. Thus, shortly after the end of the suction, air would not fail to return to the tank which would resume its shape.
  • the methods of the prior art can certainly be used. But then, the initial content of the dispenser thus produced is not equal to the maximum capacity of their reservoir. Because, in practice, the product is always evacuated with air to the extent that one cannot finely adjust the duration of the maintenance of the vacuum. In other words, the reservoir is oversized, resulting in an increased cost price for the dispenser. The economic loss thus caused is all the more significant since it is generally mass production.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a method for creating an air vacuum in a variable capacity tank filled with a liquid to pasty product and attaching a dispensing member thereto without air being is introduced again into the tank during the corresponding operation and keeping its maximum capacity.
  • a process for vacuum packaging a product of consistency ranging from that of a liquid to that of a paste in a tank of variable capacity closed by a distribution member without air intake, said process comprising at at least one phase of tight fixing of said member on said tank filled with said product, characterized in that the tight fixing of said member is carried out while said tank is in an enclosure where an air vacuum is maintained.
  • the advantages of the present invention are not so much at the level of the process or of the device that it implements, but are rather rather linked to the distributors obtained.
  • the product they contain remains sheltered from the air. It therefore does not risk oxidizing, becoming contaminated or hardening by drying ..., all things undesirable both from the point of view of the quality of the product distributed and that of the distribution by itself.
  • the distributors obtained according to the present process are also particularly advantageous.
  • the dispensing member when the dispensing member is tightly fixed thereto, the disappearance of the prior deformation causes the product contained in the reservoir to be pressurized since its capacity tends to decrease suddenly.
  • This pressurization is further reinforced by the internal vacuum created which causes atmospheric pressure to compress the walls of the tank a little more. Therefore, the priming of the distribution member is greatly facilitated. This is particularly valuable in the case of pasty products, since the air bubbles are almost all eliminated. It follows that the present process allows the development of distributors whose numerous performances could not be otherwise exploited.
  • Figures 1 to 4 show respectively in front view, side view, from above and in cross section a reservoir of variable capacity advantageously used in the context of the present process for packaging a liquid to pasty product.
  • a tank of comparable type has in fact already been disclosed, inter alia, in European patent application no. 0 324 289 deposited on October 24, 1988 by the company S.T.E.P ..
  • it comprises an envelope 10 of essentially flat shape at rest with a throttle 11 more or less elliptical which ends in a cylindrical neck 15.
  • the envelope and the neck are made in one piece, for example in a flexible plastic material such as polyethylene or polypropylene.
  • throat 11 and neck 15 then have a thickness of material sufficient to be relatively rigid, the wall of the envelope 10 on the contrary admits on the whole a small thickness.
  • the lateral folds 12 and the bottom 13 of the envelope 10 are reinforced like the constriction 11. This appears better in FIGS. 1 and 2 where the reservoir is shown partly in section (respectively according to the plane II-II of figure 2 and plan II of figure 1).
  • this reservoir it is advantageous to fill this reservoir while it is kept deformed. And it is in the same state that it is preferably hermetically closed by a distribution pump P.
  • a distributor having the appearance of the assembly shown in FIG. 5 is obtained.
  • the constriction 11 thanks to its relative rigidity, retains a shape adapted to receive for example a cover which would engage on the base 16.
  • the cover 10 remains deformed, the product trapped inside preventing it from resuming its flat form of rest. In reaction, the envelope 10 keeps the product under pressure.
  • a pump without precompression may be suitable, it is advantageous to rather use a pump of the type shown in axial section in FIG. 6.
  • the latter is the subject of French patent FR 2 343 137 filed in 1976 by the company VALOIS. It conventionally consists of a pump body 50, one end of which (at the bottom in the figure) is located in the product tank and communicates with it through an opening 54.
  • This body 50 does not have a setting orifice. air as is sometimes the case when it is planned to replace in the tank the dose of product emitted by an amount of air.
  • the corresponding type of pump, without air intake is called "airless".
  • the other end 53 (above in the figure) of the pump body 50 is open. It receives a piston 60 which slides in leaktight manner inside the body 50 so as to isolate the pump chamber 55 from the outside.
  • a return spring 75 is disposed between the crown 51 and the piston 60 and opposes the reduction in volume of the pump chamber 55.
  • the pump of FIG. 6 provides for collaboration between the hollow rod 40 used for actuation, the piston 60 and a ring 70 held against the piston 60 by means of the return spring 75.
  • another spring 64 less flexible than the previous one, also opposes the relative displacement of the hollow rod 40 and the piston 60.
  • the depression of the rod 40 firstly causes that of the piston 60 and of the ring 70. With its reduction in volume, the chamber 55 sees its pressure increase, the inlet valve thus remaining closed. Very quickly, the pressure reaches a value called “precompression” from which the depression of the rod 40 stops driving the piston 60, and it is rather the spring 64 which is compressed. Consequently, the lateral channel 42 of the rod 40 emerges from the piston 60 so that its internal channel 41 is placed in communication with the pump chamber 55. The content of the latter is then forcefully emitted outside until the ring 70 meets the crown 51.
  • the spring 64 expands.
  • the outlet valve of the pump chamber 55 therefore closes since the lateral channel 42 is found opposite the piston 60 and the ring 70 reinforces the sealed application of the latter on the rod 40.
  • the return spring 75 is in turn relaxes. It follows the increase in the volume of the pump chamber 55. And the depression that this could cause with respect to the content of the reservoir, is therefore compensated by the admission of product through the opening 54.
  • a tower 30 is also provided in order to offer the necessary stop. It also allows the open end 53 of the pump body 50 to be isolated from the outside.
  • a seal 34 is arranged for this purpose between the spinner 30 and the pump body 50 while the hollow rod 40 passes through it with a certain clearance.
  • a crimping collar 20 is arranged to pass over a base 31 of the turner 30.
  • This collar 20 is intended to come over the neck 15 of a reservoir, the seal 23 then being applied to the latter. It will be explained later how this flange 20 can allow the precompression pump of FIG. 6 to be fixed on a reservoir or, more generally, a distribution pump P without air intake, and this in a sufficiently hermetic manner so that it there is no significant exchange between the ambient air and the interior of the tank during the life of the dispenser thus produced.
  • the tanks of variable capacity which have just been described are rather manufactured by blowing. This results in dimensions which can vary from one tank to another.
  • they are generally filled using a metering cylinder, the content of which also varies from one dose delivered to another. All this makes it impossible to fill the tanks close to their necks and provision is usually made for not filling them completely.
  • the first phase of the process of the invention consists in mechanically deforming the reservoir R.
  • the first of these parts is a bucket 110, open on the top, consisting for example of an aluminum alloy.
  • FIG. 7 in particular, we recognize the two opposite vertical sides 111 as well as a bottom 112, the sides 111 being subject to the bottom 112 by dowels 114 for assembly.
  • two jaws are arranged against the two vertical sides 111.
  • One of these jaws (bearing the reference 120) is fixed to the bucket 110 for example by an anchor 121 for assembly.
  • the other (bearing the reference 130) is mobile and can be translated inside the bucket 110 parallel to its bottom 112.
  • the jaw 130 has on one of its faces needles 139 adapted to engage in holes piercing perpendicularly the side 111 of the bucket against which the jaw 130 is disposed.
  • a cylindrical rod 131 is likewise made integral with the jaw 130 and passes through the side 111. It extends outside the bucket 110 to end in a head 132 of larger diameter. The latter holds captive a roller 133 embedded so that it partially emerges at the end of the head 132. Finally, a spring 134 surrounds the rod 131. It rests, on the one hand, on the outer surface of the side 111 and, on the other hand, on the shoulder formed by the head 132. The spring 134 therefore always tends to bring out the rod 131 of the bucket 110, that is to say to apply the movable jaw 130 against the side 111 as shown in FIG. 7.
  • the vice 1 may comprise a second part constituted by a block 140 fixed to the side 111 from which the rod 131 projects (using dowels 141 as drawn in dotted lines).
  • the block 140 is then pierced right through a recess 142.
  • a first section of the recess 142 is adapted to receive internally the part of the rod 131 projecting from the bucket 110 as well as its head 132.
  • a cylindrical protection 143 is then advantageously interposed in order to ensure good sliding of the rod 131. Beyond the head 132, the recess 142 widens to receive this time a cylindrical cam 144 in the assembly.
  • the cam 144 however has a notch in which the part of the roller 133 emerging from the head 132 can be received.
  • a lever 146 is advantageously attached to it (by forcibly interlocking) and protrudes outside the block 140. It optionally includes a handle 145.
  • the block 140 as well as the cam 144 and its lever 146 are essentially advantageous in the context of an implementation of the vice 1 in the laboratory.
  • different buckets 110 find it advantageous to be arranged radially on a carousel 100 as shown in FIG. 9 gives a schematic illustration from above.
  • the buckets then no longer have a block 140 so that the rod 131 with its spring 134 and its roller 133 are completely uncovered outside the side 111 of the bucket. It is then possible to provide a ramp 101 disposed at the height of the various rollers 133.
  • the ramp 101 preferably occupies only part of the periphery of the carousel.
  • a bucket 110 keeps its jaws 120 and 130 with the maximum spacing. This spacing is actually calculated so that a reservoir R such as that described above can be introduced into the bucket 110 by its open top. Its lateral folds 12 are then placed against the jaws which, optionally, have for this purpose guide grooves 128 and 138. Similarly, its bottom 13 is advantageously brought into a channel 113 to keep it in place (cf. FIG. 7).
  • FIG. 8 which shows, in side view, the shape then taken by the reservoir R, it is noted that only the middle region of the folds 12 is stressed (by suitable reliefs of the jaws inside the grooves 128 and 138) .
  • the lower region of these folds 12 is in fact cut at a bevel in order to facilitate the introduction of the reservoir into the bucket. It is not expected that the corresponding zone 14 of the envelope 10 participates significantly in the overall deformation.
  • a second phase of the present process takes place.
  • This is the phase of filling the reservoir with product.
  • a filling head of which only the injector pipe 2 is shown in FIG. 10.
  • This head could for example be placed above the carousel of FIG. 9 opposite reference 2.
  • the injector 2 is first lowered to the bottom of the reservoir via its neck 15 open. Then, while the product 80 is flowing therefrom, the injector 2 is raised so that its end 210 always remains above the surface 81 of the product.
  • a dispensing member is disposed on the reservoir R.
  • its pump body 50 is engaged in the inside the neck 15 of the reservoir while its crimping collar 20 simply rests around this neck.
  • the bucket 110 is for example brought in front of the reference 3 in FIG. 9 to undergo the third and last phase of the present process. It is found for this in line with a device 3 for final conditioning.
  • An example of this device 3 is shown in axial section in FIGS. 11 to 14 in different positions. In the following lines, will be explained according to which principle such a device operates in accordance with the present invention.
  • a first cylinder 310 allows for example to lower all of the elements bearing reference numbers ranging from 311 to 319 and forming the head of the device 3. Such a cylinder is advantageously part of a machine traditionally used for l assembly of distributors.
  • the head of the device 3 then drives the elements bearing the references 300 to 308 and forming a sort of lower crown.
  • pressurized air is introduced through line 314 (see arrow B). Possibly a part of this air is evacuated through the duct 314 '(see arrow B') arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of the device 3. But, in total, care is taken to maintain the pressure at a value sufficient to that the head of the device (elements 310 to 319) and its lower crown (elements 300 to 308) are well kept away from each other.
  • the contact is preferably established at a damping joint 306 while the cup 110 is advantageously provided with an annular part 115.
  • this part 115 which we have not yet talked about, allows the cup 110 to offer a circular rim against which the sealing lip 307 carried below by the device 3 may come to apply.
  • the air pressure maintained between the head and the crown below the level of the conduits 314 and 314 ′ then guarantees that the crown 300 is applied to the bucket 110 with a force greater than that developed by the jack 310.
  • the head of the device 3 is lowered a little deeper on the bucket 110 by stopping the supply of pressurized air through the conduit 314 (see figure 13 where arrow B is no longer shown).
  • the air initially introduced between the head of the device and its lower crown in order to keep these two groups of elements apart is therefore evacuated through the duct 314 '.
  • the system then works like a leak absorber.
  • a flow control valve (not shown) can also be arranged at the outlet of the duct 314 'in order to control the exhaust of air.
  • the central element 317 of the device 3 or centering device is it brought to the pump P of the dispenser with all the precautions required to avoid jamming of the latter.
  • the pump P is thus brought into abutment against the neck 15, the periphery of the centralizer 317 pressing on the crimping flange 20.
  • the bearing force is also chosen so that the seal 23 disposed between the flange and the neck (see Figure 6) is slightly compressed for optimal sealing.
  • these clamps 320 are in fact in the form of a thin metal cylinder, a good end section of which has radial cuts made at equal distance from each other around the cylinder.
  • the notches thus dissociate tongues 321 of sufficiently small thickness to be radially flexible.
  • the pliers shown in bottom view in Figure 15 have ten tabs dissociated by ten notches.
  • the free end of the tongues is also more massive. Externally, they together form a widening cone of cone. Internally, each tongue has a tooth-shaped section.
  • the toothed end of the tongues 321 occurs all around the pump P for distribution to the level of the edge of the crimping collar 20.
  • the second cylinder causes the descent of the rod 329 and the sleeve 325.
  • the latter forces the various tongues 321 of the clamp 320 to come closer to each other.
  • the outside diameter of the cylinder formed by the union of the tongues decreases. The small teeth end up being applied to the edge of the collar.
  • the flange is thus folded over the bulge of the neck of the reservoir as shown in more detail in FIG. 16. Now , by its crimping, it isolates the interior of the reservoir from the atmosphere and the aspiration of air by the conduits 308 and 318 can be stopped without risking seeing the space 82 fill up again of air. From this moment, the product contained in the reservoir is already pressurized by the ambient air which compresses the deformable walls of the reservoir. This contributes to the decrease in space 82.
  • the centering device 317 actually consists of two coaxial cylindrical parts, the upper part 337 being fitted in a sealed manner around the lower part (which retains the effective role of centering device 317) .
  • the centralizer 317 is also hollow so that it internally accommodates a piston 332 having a piston rod 331 of the same axis as the axis of the centralizer 317 and of diameter comparable to that of the rods 40 for actuating the pumps P.
  • the recess of the centralizer 317 is finally produced so that the piston 332 conventionally separates therein an upper chamber 373 and a lower chamber 371, the insulation of the two chambers being guaranteed by a seal 335 placed around the piston 332.
  • the latter then circulates in the recess of the centralizer 317 under the combined effect first of all of a pressure, of air in particular, injected into the upper chamber 373 by the conduit 334 of the piston rod 331 and then of a return spring 336 disposed around the rod 331 in the lower chamber 371.
  • a pressure of air in particular
  • the latter pushes the piston 332 completely upwards, which abuts against the upper part 337 at a shoulder 330 of its rod 331 provided for this purpose.
  • the piston 332 can descend against the spring 336, the air contained in the lower chamber being evacuated by the venting 372.
  • the gas which is thus injected into the pump chamber can be air at atmospheric pressure, nitrogen at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure (for example 2 bar) or any other gas at a pressure suitable for goal pursued.
  • the latter consists in effect in establishing in the pump chamber a pressure such that after the removal of the vacuum around the distributor, the product which it contains does not penetrate into the pump chamber.
  • the gas must be introduced with sufficient pressure so that once the initial volume of the pump chamber has been restored, there prevails a pressure greater than the pressure prevailing in the distributor tank at the end of its conditioning.
  • the present packaging process has a much wider field of application.
  • the types of distribution member can be very diverse. This applies not only to their very nature, but also to their method of attachment to the tank.
  • the crimping envisaged above is certainly a very widespread method of fixing, but the expansion is just as much. However, it is generally reserved for securing distribution members of relatively large sizes (diameter greater than 1 "). Crimping cups 20 such as that shown in section in FIG. 18 are then used.
  • the cup Like the flange described above, the cup partially covers, for example, the pump and its extreme edge must, as a result of the expansion, enclose the tank R, in this case a metal can 10e protecting a deformable internal envelope 10 i. these two support points, the cup has an annular groove. And it is inside this groove that the teeth of the clamp 320 are inserted to push the cup under the edge of the reservoir while the centering device 317 applies its abutment force on this edge.
  • the fixing principle therefore remains the same, the centralizer 317 being however arranged around the gripper 320.
  • the present method applies to the fixing of the dispensing member by snap-fastening.
  • the pump P then comprises, instead of a flange or a crimping cup, a ring provided internally with a relief 22.
  • the latter is for example adapted to s 'snap on the bulge of the neck of a tank.
  • the device 3 useful for the implementation of the third phase of the process is in this case like that of FIGS. 11 to 14 except that the crimping assembly is absent.
  • the fixing is then carried out simply while the centering device 317 gently comes into abutment on the ring 20 by means of the leakage damper.
  • a tank comprising a double envelope 10 like that shown in section in Figure 20.
  • the outer envelope 10e is for example rigid while the inner envelope 10i or pocket is flexible. They can be formed in one piece by coextrusion, their only connection point being the periphery of the neck 15. Then a vent hole 17 makes it possible to maintain the intermediate space between the two envelopes at the same pressure as the periphery of the tank.
  • FIG. 21 Another tank R which can be used in the context of the present invention is then visible in axial section in FIG. 21. It has a rigid casing 10 of cylindrical shape. This has at one end a neck-shaped narrowing 15. A collar 20 allows, for example as shown in the figure, to crimp a pump P on the neck 15. A seal 23 seals the fixing . As an accessory, the rod 40 of the pump P is engaged in a push button 90 comprising a dispensing nozzle 91. A guide cylinder 92, for example taking support around the neck 15 of the tank, moreover guarantees a correct relative movement of the push-button 90 relative to the pump P. Finally, a cap 11 'fitted on the tank protects the distribution organ.
  • the other end of the envelope 10 is open. It is closed off from the ambient air by a scraper piston 100 ′.
  • the latter in fact comprises peripheral sealing lips 101 ′ intended to apply in a sealed manner to the interior wall of the envelope 10.
  • the piston 100 ′ also has reliefs 102 ′ and 103 ′ in the form of a crown. of the same axis as the axis of the reservoir R.
  • a relief 103 ′ is arranged on the side of the product 80. In this way, the internal volume remaining when the distributor is empty is minimized (cf. FIG. 22).
  • the other relief 102 ' projects from the opposite side. It determines, when the distributor is full, the end of stroke of the piston 100 'by its abutment against a cover 16'.
  • this cover 16 ' is wedged between the free end of the casing 10 and a sleeve 12' engaged around the latter.
  • the cover 16 ′ finally has a vent hole 17 in order to allow the scraper piston 100 ′ to rise within the casing 10.
  • Figures 22 and 23 show the same tank as that of Figure 21, but this time devoid not only of its cap 11 ', but also of its pump.
  • a pump for example is crimped onto the reservoir according to the vacuum conditioning method described above. It follows a distributor according to Figure 21 described above. The product 80 which it contains is thus protected from air. Emissions from the pump P of distribution are made possible by the scraper piston 100 'which moves in the casing 10 and adapts the capacity of the reservoir R to the quantity of product remaining.
  • variable-capacity dispenser finally consists in filling a reservoir R of the bottle or canister type with a propellant gas intended to overcome, for example, a liquid product to be emitted.
  • a propellant gas intended to overcome, for example, a liquid product to be emitted.
  • the rigid reservoir is firstly filled. This is for example carried out using an injector which rises in the reservoir as the product is introduced. In this way, in fact, the nozzle of the injector remains at the level of the surface of the product, which minimizes the trapping of air bubbles. Then, a pump of the type of that of FIGS. 24 and 25 is crimped according to the vacuum packaging method described above. Once the product thus sealed in the distributor, propellant gas can be introduced through such a pump into the tank.
  • metering pump P is a metering pump P with precompression of a known type such as that described in French patent application no. 88-08653 filed by the plaintiff. It comprises two movable pistons 40 ′ and 60 ′ housed one on the other within a pump body 50 ′ having a first open end and a second end choked in the form of a tube and intended to be placed within the tank R.
  • the external piston 40 ′ is hollow with an internal emission channel 41 ′ and also acts as a piston while the peripheral sealing lips 42 ′ adapt tightly to the internal wall of the body 50 ′ pump.
  • the internal piston 60 ′ is differential and participates in both outlet and inlet valves.
  • the product can be evacuated with a precompression effect by the passage offered between the needle 61' and the terminal narrowing of the channel 41 ' Release.
  • the emission continues in this way as long as the piston 40 'continues its descent. Once the latter has reached the end of its travel, the user releases his effort so that the spring 70 'can relax and cause the pistons 40' and 60 'to rise.
  • the pump chamber defined above increases in volume and a vacuum is soon created.
  • the filling with propellant gas is therefore carried out by pushing the differential piston 6 'by means of a needle bearing in the notch 66' and this until that the skirt 62 'goes up on the ribs 53'.
  • the hollow piston 40 ′ may not be moved at all or may also be brought into abutment against the shoulder 51 ′. In all cases, the outlet valve is thus kept open. In other words, a passage now exists from outside to the tank, the pump chamber communicating with the tank through the recesses remaining between the ribs 53 'as well as between the slots 54'.
  • the dispenser provided with such a pump may include a rigid reservoir.
  • Such dispensers with vacuum packaging are essentially useful for the preservation of products which fear contact with the ambient air. They have in common the use of a variable capacity reservoir. Filled while its capacity is maximum, the present process allows any air to be evacuated before the tight fixing of a distribution member without air intake. This is further achieved here within an enclosure so that a vacuum is created both inside the tank and outside. This therefore prevents the evacuation of product from the tank during packaging. And it is indeed the entire maximum capacity of the tank that remains occupied by the product when the packaged distributor is finally delivered to the market.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Vacuum Packaging (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Filling Of Jars Or Cans And Processes For Cleaning And Sealing Jars (AREA)
  • Sealing Of Jars (AREA)
  • Basic Packing Technique (AREA)

Claims (25)

  1. Verfahren zur Vakuumverpackung eines Produkts einer Konsistenz, die von der einer Flüssigkeit bis zu der einer Paste geht, in einem Tank (R) mit veränderlichem Fassungsvermögen, der von einem Verteilorgan ohne Luftaufnahme verschlossen wird, wobei das Verfahren mindestens eine Phase der dichten Befestigung des Organs auf dem mit dem Produkt (80) gefüllten Tank (R) enthält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die dichte Befestigung des Organs durchgeführt wird, wenn der Tank (R) sich in einem Raum (1, 3) befindet, in dem ein Luftvakuum aufrechterhalten wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Verteilorgan eine Pumpe (P) mit einem hohlen Betätigungsstab (40) ist, der mit einer Pumpenkammer (55) in Verbindung steht, wenn er eingedrückt ist, wobei der Einlaß in die Kammer (55) von einem Rückschlagventil (52) gesteuert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach der dichten Befestigung der Pumpe (P) der hohle Stab (40) eingedrückt und ein Gas in den hohlen Stab (40) injiziert wird, während der Tank (R) und seine auf ihm befestigte Pumpe (P) sich immer noch in dem unter Vakuum gehaltenen Raum (1, 3) befinden, wobei das Gas mit einem ausreichenden Druck injiziert wird, damit nach der Wiederherstellung des Atmosphärendrucks um den Tank (R) herum dort ein geringerer Druck herrscht als in der Pumpenkammer (55), so daß das Produkt nicht in diese eindringen kann.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gas Luft ist, die mit Atmosphärendruck injiziert wird.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gas Stickstoff ist, der mit einem höheren Druck als Atmosphärendruck injiziert wird.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der Tank (R) eine verformbare Hülle (10) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vor der Befestigung des Organs in dem unter Vakuum stehenden Raum der Tank (R) bei Atmosphärendruck gefüllt wird, während seine Hülle (10) verformt gehalten wird, so daß der Tank sein größtes Fassungsvermögen aufweist.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der Tank (R) eine starre Hülle (10, 10e) sowie Mittel aufweist, um sein Fassungsvermögen zu verändern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vor der Befestigung des Organs in dem unter Vakuum stehenden Raum der Tank (R) bei Atmosphärendruck gefüllt wird, während seine starre Hülle (10, 10e) mechanisch gehalten wird.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zur Veränderung des Fassungsvermögens des Tanks (R) aus einer fest mit der starren Hülle (10e) verbundenen und in ihr angeordneten biegsamen Hülle (10i) bestehen, wobei die starre Hülle (10e) ein Lüftungsloch (17) aufweist.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die starre Hülle (10) ein Zylinder ist, der an einem Ende einen Hals (15) aufweist, während sein anderes Ende offen ist, und daß die Mittel zur Veränderung des Fassungsvermögens des Tanks (R) aus einem Abstreifkolben (100') bestehen, der das offene Ende dicht verschließt und von einer tiefen Position, in der der Tank (R) voll ist, bis zu einer hohen Position umlaufen kann, in der der Tank (R) geleert wurde.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abstreifkolben (100') eine Krone (103') aufweist, die auf der Seite des Produkts (80) vorsteht und eine solche Form aufweist, daß das Verteilorgan sich in der Krone (103') anordnet, wenn der Abstreifkolben (100') sich in der hohen Position befindet, wodurch die im geleerten Tank (R) verbleibende Produktmenge (80) so verringert wird.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8 oder Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abstreifkolben (100') auf der dem Produkt (80) entgegengesetzten Seite eine Krone (102') aufweist, die weit genug vorspringt, um gegen einen Deckel (16') mit einem Lüftungsloch (17) anzuschlagen, der auf dem offenen Ende des Tanks (R) gehalten wird, um es zu verschließen.
  11. Verfahren nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vor dem Befestigen des Verteilorgans auf dem Tank (R) das Produkt (80) unter Druck mittels einer Einspritzdüse (200) in den Tank (R) eingeführt wird, die durch einen auf dem Hals (15) angeordneten Stopfen (202) verläuft, wobei der Abstreifkolben (100') sich in der hohen Position im Tank (R) befindet, der beim Beginn der Einführung des Produkts (80) geleert ist.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zur Veränderung des Fassungsvermögens des Tanks (R) aus einem Treibgas bestehen, das oberhalb des Produkts (80) angeordnet ist, wobei das Verteilorgan dann eine Vorkompressions-Dosierpumpe (P) mit ist, die einen Differentialkolben (60') besitzt, der auf einer Seite eine Nadel (61'), um sich in einem Ausgabekanal (41') in einen hohlen Kolben (40') einzufügen und mit ihm ein Auslaßventil zu bilden, und auf der anderen Seite einen Mantel (62') aufweist, um sich teleskopisch und dicht um eine fest mit einem Pumpenkörper (50') verbundene Muffe (52') zu legen und mit ihr ein Einlaßventil zu bilden, wobei die Muffe (52') Erhebungen (53', 54') aufweist, die die Dichtheit zwischen dem Mantel (62') und der Muffe (52') unterbrechen können, wenn der Differentialkolben (60') bis zum Boden des Pumpenkörpers (50') eingedrückt wird.
  13. Vorrichtung zur Anwendung des Verfahrens nach einem beliebigen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Tank (R) einen Hals (15) aufweist, auf dem das Verteilorgan dicht befestigt werden kann und vor der Phase der dichten Befestigung des Organs mindestens die Phasen des
    1/ Befestigens des Tanks (R) in einem Becher (110), der eine offene Oberseite aufweist, so daß der Hals (15) auf der Oberseite sitzt, und
    2/ des Füllens des Tanks (R) mit dem Produkt durch den Hals (15) erfolgen, wonach das Organ auf den Hals (15) aufgesetzt wird,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung (3) eine Krone (300, ..., 308) aufweist, die sich unten dicht auf die Oberseite des Bechers (110) aufsetzen kann, um den Raum (1, 3) zu bilden, wobei Mittel (308, 318) zum Absaugen der Luft aus dem Raum (1, 3) vorgesehen sind, und daß die Vorrichtung (3) mit Mitteln (320, ..., 329) zur Befestigung des Verteilorgans versehen ist, die in der Mitte der Krone (300, ..., 308) angeordnet sind.
  14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Krone (300, ..., 308) sich mit Hilfe einer ringförmigen Dichtlippe (307), die gegen einen fest mit dem Becher (110) verbundenen kreisförmigen Rand (115) anliegt, dicht auf die Oberseite des Bechers (110) auflegt.
  15. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13 oder Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Becher (110) beweglich ist und daß die Vorrichtung (3) durch die Betätigung eines ersten Zylinders (310) nach unten auf den Becher (110) bewegt wird, wenn der Becher (110) senkrecht unter der Vorrichtung (3) ist.
  16. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Becher (110) auf einem Kreisförderer (100) angeordnet ist.
  17. Vorrichtung nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 13 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Befestigungsmittel (320, ..., 329) des Organs einen Zentrierer (317) aufweisen, der mit dem Organ kompatibel ist und in einer Auflage endet, die als Anschlag für ein Befestigungselement (20) des Organs dient, wobei der Zentrierer (317) fest mit einem Kopf (310, ..., 318) der Vorrichtung (3) verbunden ist, wobei die Krone (300, ..., 308) der Vorrichtung (3) mit dem Kopf (310, ..., 318) über ein System der Art Leckdämpfer verbunden ist, so daß, wenn die Krone (300, ..., 308) auf dem Becher (110) aufliegt, der Zentrierer (317) langsam auf das Organ abgesenkt werden kann, bis die Auflage einen geeigneten Druck auf das Befestigungselement (20) des Organs ausübt.
  18. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Befestigungselement (20) des Organs ein Ring mit einem Innenrelief (22) ist, wobei der durch die Auflage ausgeübte Druck ausreichend ist, um das Einklinken des Reliefs (22) um den Hals (15) des Tanks (R) zu bewirken.
  19. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Befestigungselement (20) des Organs ein Aufklemmkragen ist, wobei der von der Auflage ausgeübte Druck ausreichend ist, um die Komprimierung einer zwischen dem Kragen und dem Hals (15) des Tanks (R) angeordneten Dichtung (23) zu bewirken, und daß die Mittel (320, ..., 329) zur Befestigung des Organs außerdem fest mit dem Kopf (310, ..., 318) der Vorrichtung (3) verbundene Klemmen (320) aufweisen, die von einem Verschlußkegel (325), den ein zweiter Zylinder um die Klemmen (320) gleiten läßt, auf den Klemmkragen geklemmt werden können.
  20. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Befestigungselement (20) des Organs eine Klemmschale ist, wobei der von der Auflage ausgeübte Druck ausreichend ist, um die Klemmschale auf den Hals (15) des Tanks (R) aufzulegen, und daß die Mittel (320, ..., 329) zur Befestigung des Organs außerdem fest mit dem Kopf (310, ..., 318) der Vorrichtung (3) verbundene Klemmen aufweisen, die gegen die Schale unterhalb des Halses (15) durch eine Nocke abgespreizt werden können, die ein zweiter Zylinder in Bezug auf die Klemmen (320) verschiebt.
  21. Vorrichtung nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 17 bis 20, bei der das Verteilorgan eine Pumpe (P) mit einem hohlen Betätigungsstab (40) ist, der mit einer Pumpenkammer (55) in Verbindung steht, wenn er eingedrückt ist, wobei der Einlaß in die Pumpenkammer (55) von einem Rückschlagventil (52) gesteuert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zentrierer (317) einen Stab (331) eines Durchmessers aufweist, der dem des Betätigungsstabs (40) der Pumpe (P) vergleichbar ist, einen axialen Kanal (333) aufweist und fest mit einem Kolben (332) verbunden ist, der ihn axial im Zentrierer (317) umlaufen läßt.
  22. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kolben (332) in einer Aussparung des Zentrierers (317) angeordnet ist, wo er in dichter Weise eine obere Kammer (373) und eine untere Kammer (371) abgrenzt, wobei ein in den Stab (331) gebohrter Kanal (334) in der oberen Kammer (373) mündet, während eine Rückholfeder (336) sich um den Stab (331) in der unteren Kammer (371) anordnet.
  23. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein oberes Teil (337) sich dicht auf den Zentrierer (317) aufschiebt und einen Anschlag für den Kolben (332) in Höhe einer Schulter (330) seines Stabs (331) gegen die Wirkung der Feder (336) bietet.
  24. Vorrichtung nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 13 bis 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Becher (110) zwei Backen (120, 130) aufweist, die einen Schraubstock (1) bilden, um den Tank (R) zu befestigen.
  25. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine der Backen (120, 130) fest mit einem Stab (131) verbunden ist, der aus dem Becher (110) vorsteht, wobei eine Rückholfeder (134) den Stab (131) derart umgibt, daß sie sich der Annäherung der Backen (120, 130) des Schraubstocks (1) entgegensetzt, und eine Rolle (133) am Ende des Stabs (131) befestigt ist, wobei weiter eine Rampe (101) vorgesehen ist, gegen die die Rolle (133) rollen kann, wenn der Becher (110) sich bewegt, wobei die Rampe (101) dann in Bezug auf den Becher (110) derart angeordnet ist, daß die Backen (120, 130) gegen die Wirkung der Feder (134) angenähert bleiben.
EP91400996A 1989-10-31 1991-04-16 Verfahren zum Vakuumverpacken von Produkten, insbesondere kosmetische oder pharmazeutische Produkte, in Behältern mit veränderbaren Grössen, verschlossen durch ein Verteilungsorgan ohne Abluft Expired - Lifetime EP0509179B1 (de)

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DE1991607443 DE69107443T2 (de) 1991-04-16 1991-04-16 Verfahren zum Vakuumverpacken von Produkten, insbesondere kosmetische oder pharmazeutische Produkte, in Behältern mit veränderbaren Grössen, verschlossen durch ein Verteilungsorgan ohne Abluft.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR8914260A FR2653744B1 (fr) 1989-10-31 1989-10-31 Procede pour conditionner sous vide des produits notamment cosmetiques et pharmaceutiques a l'interieur de reservoirs deformables obtures par une pompe de distribution sans reprise d'air, dispositif pour le mettre en óoeuvre et distributeurs ainsi obt.

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EP0509179A1 EP0509179A1 (de) 1992-10-21
EP0509179B1 true EP0509179B1 (de) 1995-02-15

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FR2653744A1 (fr) 1991-05-03
JP2929315B2 (ja) 1999-08-03
US5237797A (en) 1993-08-24
USRE35683E (en) 1997-12-09
JPH0444928A (ja) 1992-02-14
FR2653744B1 (fr) 1992-03-06
EP0509179A1 (de) 1992-10-21

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