EP0505769B1 - Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Flächendeckung einer Vorlage, insbesondere einer Druckplatte, sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Flächendeckung einer Vorlage, insbesondere einer Druckplatte, sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0505769B1
EP0505769B1 EP92103605A EP92103605A EP0505769B1 EP 0505769 B1 EP0505769 B1 EP 0505769B1 EP 92103605 A EP92103605 A EP 92103605A EP 92103605 A EP92103605 A EP 92103605A EP 0505769 B1 EP0505769 B1 EP 0505769B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
printing
reflectance
filter
measurement
determined
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP92103605A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0505769A1 (de
Inventor
Werner Dr. Huber
Helmut Prof. Dr. Kipphan
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Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
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Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/0027—Devices for scanning originals, printing formes or the like for determining or presetting the ink supply

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining the area coverage of a printing template, in particular a printing form of a printing press, preferably an offset printing machine, wherein the local reflectance of a detected measuring field is determined by optical scanning of the template, the printing surfaces differ from the non-printing surfaces of the template Have color (color difference) and the original has a location-dependent inhomogeneity which is independent of the area coverage and influences the measurement result of the scanning.
  • the method according to the invention is suitable for determining the area coverage, that is to say for determining the percentage of a printing area in relation to the total area under consideration. It can be used in different technical fields. It can be used, for example, to determine the area coverage of a print template. However, provision is preferably made to determine the area coverage on a printing form of a printing press, in particular on the printing plate of an offset printing press, before the printing process, in order to obtain ink presetting values for ink metering zones of the printing unit or the inking units. The more precisely the area coverage and thus the ink presetting values can be determined, the faster the production status can be achieved, which reduces waste and makeready times. Under these conditions, even small print runs can be printed economically.
  • each zone of the printing plate is suitably illuminated and the light scattered back from the printing plate surface is detected by a measuring head.
  • the measuring head preferably has a photodiode for detecting the remission.
  • the measured intensities are compared with previously measured reference intensities.
  • a reference intensity comes from a so-called full-tone area, that is, an area that has an area coverage of 100%.
  • a further reference intensity is formed by a so-called zero percent area that does not carry ink when printing; their area coverage is therefore 0%.
  • the full tone area and the zero percent area form two extreme values which serve to calibrate the measuring head.
  • Signals emitted by the measuring head which are based on an area coverage lying between the extreme values, can be classified as a percentage on the basis of the calibration, that is to say the percentage area coverage corresponding to these signals can thus be determined.
  • the area coverage can only be determined approximately, namely within a relatively wide tolerance band.
  • the zero percent area reference is particularly critical because it varies considerably more locally than a full tone reference and, with the same absolute size of the error, leads to larger relative errors.
  • a method for determining an average zonal area coverage is known, wherein a zonal scanning of the printing form of a printing press is carried out with a sensor and a zero percent reference from the plate edge or at a measuring point with maximum remission is determined. Then the zero percent reference is measured again with additional filtering. Then the subject of the printing plate is scanned zonally by the sensor and the measured values determined are normalized to the filter transmission curve. The degree of area coverage is then calculated by averaging all standardized measurement values for the respective ink zone and ink presetting values for the printing press are obtained therefrom. Errors that occur due to inhomogeneities in the printing plate surface have a falsifying effect on the measurement result.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method and a device in which inhomogeneities in the original, in particular the printing form, are taken into account and the accuracy of the measurement result is thus improved.
  • these inhomogeneities are essentially Chen subject-free printing plate surface areas to be taken into account, so that the critical measurement of small surface areas is decisively improved.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in that at least two reflectance values which differ spectrally from one another in accordance with the color difference are determined from each measurement field and in that the two reflectance values are evaluated for separating a portion of the measurement result which is influenced by the area coverage and a portion which is influenced by the inhomogeneity.
  • the printing form can be designed such that the printing and / or the non-printing areas are colored in such a way that the printing or the non-printing areas are given a different color.
  • the different colored areas and the spectral evaluation of the reflectance it can be distinguished at each measuring field under consideration whether the measurement result has been influenced by an inhomogeneity. If this is the case, then there is an inhomogeneity, this can be determined and the measurement result can be corrected accordingly, so that finally the actually existing area coverage of the present measurement field can be determined.
  • the measurement result is therefore much more precise, so that essentially error-free ink presetting values for the inking unit or units of an offset printing press can be determined. This means that the production status can be reached more quickly after setting up the printing press.
  • the printing form is now more or less colored as standard to make the subject visible, and is done, for example, by the coloring of the photoresist that forms the color-guiding surfaces of the printing form. This coloring is now used specifically according to the invention.
  • the coloring can be carried out using a diazo varnish already used today by the printing plate manufacturers.
  • This photoresist currently used, among other things, to make the subject visible, is thus also used according to the invention.
  • inhomogeneities for example a color-darker zero percent area lying opposite the plate edge in the area of the subject, were considered to be a measuring field with area coverage, that is to say the present inhomogeneity was misinterpreted, so that measurement errors were unavoidable.
  • the area coverage is determined zonally and if color presetting values for ink metering zones of an inking unit of the printing press are determined from the zonal area coverage values.
  • an additional, third, spectrally deviating reflectance value is determined from each measuring field, which takes into account a local change in the reflectance of a printing, that is to say a printing ink-carrying or printed surface, in particular a full-tone surface.
  • a printing that is to say a printing ink-carrying or printed surface, in particular a full-tone surface.
  • inhomogeneities within the full-tone areas can be determined and eliminated during the measurement.
  • these errors which are based on inhomogeneities of full-tone areas, are very much smaller than with zero percent areas, so that a further improvement in the accuracy of the measurement result is achieved, but this is not as serious as with zero percent areas or areas with low area coverage.
  • the inhomogeneities of adjacent measurement areas may be advantageous to use the inhomogeneities of adjacent measurement areas and primarily determined area coverage (according to the so-called two-filter method described above) for smoothing when determining the inhomogeneity of a measurement field.
  • This takes into account the fact that the inhomogeneities mostly do not change abruptly, but rather continuously, between adjacent measuring points, so that "outliers" have no serious effects due to measuring errors or the like.
  • a local inhomogeneity distribution is first determined by determining the inhomogeneities of the entire original (in particular printing plate). From this, a preliminary pseudo zero percent reference can be determined at each point.
  • the invention further relates to a device for determining the area coverage, in particular for carrying out the method described, with at least one measuring head optically scanning the template, which has a reflective light receiver with a filter arrangement, so that due to different filtering of each optically scanned measuring field, several spectrally different ones Measurement results can be achieved.
  • the filter arrangement can have a plurality of filters, so that a different filter can be used for each measurement. However, it can also be done in such a way that one of the measurements takes place without a filter and another or several others take place with a filter.
  • the remission light receiver can have a plurality of light-sensitive elements, to which the remission is fed via the corresponding filters. This has the advantage that several measurements can be carried out simultaneously.
  • the remission light receiver has only one light-sensitive element and that the filters can be pivoted into its beam path. In the latter case, however, the different measurements of each measuring field can only be carried out one after the other.
  • the measuring head has a beam splitter which feeds the remission of a first photodiode directly, that is to say without additional filtering, and to a second photodiode via a filter forming the filter arrangement.
  • the reflectance of a measuring field can be measured in a spectrally different way.
  • the measuring head has a further beam splitter which feeds the remission of a third photodiode via a further filter.
  • the first photodiode thus receives the remission unfiltered, the second photodiode via a filter and the third photodiode via the further filter, which differs from the first filter in its filter characteristic.
  • a plurality of measuring heads are preferably arranged next to one another, the measuring heads being movable relative to the original.
  • the measuring heads can also be arranged in a stationary manner and the template can be moved.
  • the row of measuring heads is preferably so long that the subject length or the subject width is completely recorded.
  • the measuring heads can be moved in the printing direction of the printing form or transversely to the printing direction.
  • the filter or filters can preferably be designed as an edge filter or as a tristimulus filter with special attention to their mutual course.
  • the invention it is also possible to recognize on the basis of the reference signals for the full-tone and zero percent areas which plate type (that is, from which manufacturer or from which material) is used.
  • a printing plate identification can also be carried out with the aid of the device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a device with which the zonal area coverage of a template, in particular a printing plate of an offset printing machine, can be determined.
  • the device has a desk-shaped measuring table 1.
  • a pressure plate 2 to be measured is placed on the measuring table 1 and is preferably held pneumatically by negative pressure.
  • corresponding suction channels are provided in the measuring table 1.
  • a measuring bar 3 is movably mounted on the measuring table 1. If one looks at FIGS. 2 and 3, it can be seen that the measuring bar can be moved in the directions of the double arrow 4. Assuming that the arrow 5 indicates the printing direction of the printing plate 2 held on the measuring table 1, the measuring bar 3 can thus be displaced transversely to the printing direction.
  • the measuring bar 3 is arranged offset by 90 compared to the embodiment of Figures 1 to 3, so that it can be moved in or against the printing direction.
  • a calibration strip 7 (FIG. 2) or a calibration field 8 (FIG. 3) can be provided on the measuring table or the printing plate.
  • the full-tone reference surface required for the calibration can be on the edge of the plate, and it is possible to provide the full-tone reference surface, for example, by sliding on a calibration field mask; under certain circumstances this would simplify the manufacture of the printing plate.
  • Figure 4 shows an example of the measuring bar 3 in a schematic representation.
  • This has two light sources 9, which are preferably designed as fluorescent lamps.
  • a plurality of measuring heads 10 are arranged in rows, for example between the two fluorescent lamps. Only one measuring head is shown in detail in FIG. If only one measuring head is used, it is arranged to be displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the measuring bar, so that the pressure plate can be completely scanned, for example in a meandering shape.
  • a total of 32 measuring heads, for example, can also be arranged in rows next to one another, the optical field of view of which is reduced to 32.5 by means of a screen grille 11. 32.5 mm 2 is limited.
  • this field of view length corresponds to the width of a color zone of the (not shown) offset printing press
  • a position of the measuring bar 3 a zone of the pressure plate 2 can be detected. If the measuring bar is displaced by the dimension of a zone after this zone has been detected, the adjacent zone can then be optically scanned.
  • Each individual zone is divided into a corresponding number of measuring fields 12, which correspond to the openings of the screen grille 11. In the exemplary embodiment mentioned, 32 measuring heads and thus also 32 measuring fields 12 are provided for each measuring bar position.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the reflectance measurement which can be carried out with the measuring table 1.
  • the light 13 incident from the light sources 9 shown in FIG. 4 reaches the surface of the printing plate 2, which — depending on the area coverage — is provided with a corresponding number of raster points or full-surface portions 14 of a certain size.
  • the incident light 13 is reflected from the surface of the printing plate 2 in a spectrally different manner.
  • This reflected light 15 optionally passes through a filter 16 (this will be discussed in more detail below) and then reaches a remission light receiver 17, which is located in the associated measuring head 10.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the structural design of the measuring bar 3.
  • This has a housing 18 in which the measuring heads 10 are accommodated.
  • the two light sources 9 are also located in the housing 18 and are shielded from the measuring heads 10 with opaque walls 19.
  • light exit openings 20 are provided, which are provided, for example, with diffusing screens 21. A diffuse light is radiated onto the original to be scanned by the diffusing disks 21.
  • the two exemplary embodiments of the measuring bar 3 in FIGS. 6 and 7 differ in that the measuring heads 10 are designed differently.
  • the measuring head 10 of the exemplary embodiment in FIG. It has a housing 22 which is provided at its lower end with a light entry opening 23. If necessary, optics can also be provided there and / or in front of the photodiodes 24, 25, 26.
  • Each measuring head 10 has a remission light receiver 17, which in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 7 consists of three photodiodes 24, 25 and 26.
  • Two beam splitters 27 and 28 are arranged within the housing 22.
  • the design is such that the reflected light incident into the light entry opening 23 first hits the beam splitter 27 and is divided there in such a way that a portion reaches the photodiode 24. The remaining part passes along the optical axis 29 through the beam splitter 27 and arrives at the beam splitter 28. Here, a division takes place in such a way that a portion reaches the photodiode 25 and a portion penetrating the beam splitter 28 reaches the photodiode 26.
  • the photodiode 25 is preceded by a filter 30 and the filter 31 is preceded by a filter 31.
  • the light supplied by the beam splitter 27 to the photodiode 24 does not pass a filter.
  • the measuring head 10 of FIG. 7 is by definition a three-filter measuring head (if no third filter is provided, the spectral sensitivity can be the photodiode 24 can be regarded as a filter).
  • the embodiment of FIG. 6 differs from the aforementioned embodiment with regard to the measuring head 10 in that only two photodiodes, namely the photodiode 24 and the photodiode 25, are provided.
  • the photodiode 25 is no longer on the side of the housing 22, but at the head end.
  • Only one beam splitter 27 is also provided.
  • the light incident through the light entry opening 23 passes unfiltered to the photodiode 24 and, due to the beam splitter 27, also to a portion of the photodiode 25, the filter 30 being passed through in the process.
  • a filter can also be connected upstream of the photodiode 24.
  • the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 6 is a two-filter measuring head (even if only one filter 30 is provided; according to the terminology used, the spectral sensitivity of the photodiode 24 can also be regarded as a filter).
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 again illustrate the structure of the three-filter measuring head 10.
  • the measuring head has only one photodiode with a filter wheel provided with several different filters.
  • ⁇ 0 is the spectrum of the incident light, ⁇ the reflectance of the measuring field 12, 7 the transmission of a filter, S E the spectral sensitivity of the photodiode and the wavelength.
  • the integration limits ⁇ 1 and X 2 are typically in the visible range or are adapted to the spectral profiles of the individual terms. Particularly in the case of low area coverage, the known method has the disadvantage that measurement errors occur. This is mainly due to the fact that the free printing plate surface is optically inhomogeneous: the reflectance measured on a zero percent surface can differ locally, that is to say that it may not match the zero percent reference remission measured at the plate edge.
  • the signal model of the known method which is also referred to as a one-filter method (with a single-filter measuring head) (even if there is no filter, the photodiode used for evaluation can be regarded as a filter due to spectral sensitivity): with S as the measured signal, H as the zero percent reference, V as the full tone reference and f o as the area coverage.
  • the measured remission is influenced only by the halftone dots or solid areas; the signal S is therefore only dependent on the area coverage f o .
  • the inhomogeneities already mentioned are therefore not taken into account and are incorrectly included as area coverage.
  • the area coverage f o is then:
  • inhomogeneity can be taken into account in the known method if S is measured to be greater than H, since this results in a negative area coverage, which is not physically possible.
  • a correction, if only imperfect, can be made here.
  • the zero percent reference assigned to the corresponding zone is measured at the edge of the printing plate and then used for the entire zone. So for all zones corresponding corresponding references measured at the plate edge; they can then only be used globally within the associated zone.
  • the local zero percent reference of the respectively associated measuring field 12 cannot be determined approximately using the known method.
  • the local references are determined, that is, one does not work with a plate edge reference and assigns them to different measurement fields of the associated zone.
  • the local zero percent reference is determined approximately within the measuring fields 12 of the subject of the printing plate 2. This is done based on a model.
  • the basic assumption is that the spectral change of the local zero percent reference relative to the zonal zero percent reference can be described by a scalar 1 - y. In relation to the actual conditions, this approach means that the local reference may be lighter or darker than the zonal reference, but must be of the same color.
  • the signal model is: where y denotes the inhomogeneity.
  • a so-called pseudo reference H * can also be defined. It results in:
  • the pseudo reference H * (s, z) can be calculated for each measuring point (for each measuring field 12). That makes it local.
  • the reference is called “pseudo” because it is not the actual reference, since the subject cannot be “removed” for measurement purposes, but is (only) spectrally similar to the zonal reference. The following therefore applies:
  • the method according to the invention is to be illustrated by means of FIG. 12 by means of a two-dimensional signal space.
  • a prerequisite for the practical measurement is that the printing surfaces of the printing plate 2 differ in color from the non-printing surfaces.
  • the non-printing surfaces anodized aluminum
  • a blue photoresist diazo lacquer
  • the measuring head 10 has two photodiodes 24 and 25, two signals are recorded per measuring field, which are shown on the ordinate or abscissa of the coordinate system of FIG.
  • V 1 and V 2 the signals of the photodiodes 24 and 25 are designated, which have been taken from a full tone area (full tone reference).
  • the zonal zero percent reference is identified by the signals H 1 and H 2 .
  • S 1 and S 2 denote the signal detected by the measuring head 10 at the currently locally measured measuring field 12.
  • the recorded signals lead to the vectors V, S and H in the two-dimensional signal space.
  • the vector H * that is to say that the vector taking into account the inhomogeneities, must have the same direction as the vector H. If the vector H is extended so far that it intersects the degrees of extension of the end points of the vectors V and S, the end point of the vector H * results . This can be broken down into H 1 and H 2 * . The distance between the end points of the vectors H and H * thus indicates the correction variable that takes into account the inhomogeneities.
  • the vectors H *, V and S lie on a straight line.
  • the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 12 can be regarded as a 2-dimensional color space, the angle of, for example, a vector S formed from the signals "filter 1 or” filter 2 "with respect to the axes being interpreted as color and the length of the vector S as intensity.
  • the signals "filter 1 and” filter 2 "arise from the spectrally different photodiodes 24 and 25. If filter 1 were to measure in the short-wave spectral range, for example, and if the measuring surface 12 had a higher short-wave blue component, the associated signal vector would be above that in FIG displayed vector S because the intensity behind the shorter-wave filter would be higher.
  • the zero percent reference is scalable. This means that the vector H must be lengthened for inhomogeneities ⁇ ⁇ 0 or shortened for inhomogeneities ⁇ > 0.
  • the k f criterion is all the more different from one, the more the color of the full tone reference differs from the zero percent reference (always based on the filters used).
  • the k f criterion is first calculated zonally and then the mean is used.
  • the signals V i and H i must be so different that a k f of (based on experience) at least 1.1 should be achieved for a tolerable error sensitivity of the two-filter method according to the invention. If this is not achieved, only the known one-filter method is used for evaluation.
  • This k f criterion is illustrated geometrically on the basis of FIG.
  • the products H i ⁇ Vj and H j ⁇ V i are shown as hatched areas in the signal space.
  • the value of the k f criterion corresponds to the maximum quotient of these area pairs.
  • the dynamic and spectral measurability (embodied by the difference vector H - V or the Angle between the two vectors).
  • the inhomogeneity can be distinguished from a change caused by the area coverage according to the spectral effect.
  • the measuring bar 3 is moved over a calibration surface, which is either separate from the pressure plate 2 also on the measuring table 1 (but then must be of exactly the same type of plate as the pressure plate 2 used), or is advantageously integrated into the pressure plate 2.
  • this calibration area consists, for example, half of a full tone area and the other half of a zero percent area, each of which is large enough to completely fill the optical field of view of the photodiodes 24 and 25.
  • the intensity of the remitted light is then measured on each of the two reference surfaces. This provides the data H (O, z) for the zero percent area and V (0, z) for the full tone area, which are stored for later evaluation.
  • the measuring run is then carried out, the local area coverage f o (s, z) and the local inhomogeneity y (s, z) being calculated on the basis of the signal model for each measuring field (measuring point).
  • the inhomogeneities ⁇ (s, z) define so-called pseudo zero percent references H * (s, z) on the spectral basis of the zonal zero percent references H (0, z) within the printing plate.
  • pseudo zero percent references H * indicate how the printing plate 2 would look without a subject if the remission of subject-free areas within the printing plate 2 would result from the zero percentage emission of the printing plate edge.
  • the inhomogeneities present can then be recognized locally from the determination of the zero-plate, so-called zero-subject.
  • the zero percent plate thus determined is subjected to smoothing, weighting or evaluation, i.e. the locally determined inhomogeneities are compared with neighboring inhomogeneities and abrupt changes are reduced. Different methods of mathematics known per se can be used for this smoothing.
  • the smoothing can be weighted in such a way that the signals of a measuring location (s, z) are given a high weighting if the area coverage initially determined at this point (s, z) is low, because precisely there the inhomogeneity of the subject-free area is easier to grasp.
  • a measuring head 10 according to FIG. 7 (three-filter measuring head) is used, it is possible to take into account not only the inhomogeneity of zero percent areas but also of full tone areas. However, the influence of the inhomogeneity of full-tone areas compared to the inhomogeneity of zero percent areas on the measurement result is significantly smaller.
  • FIG. 11 shows the spectral reflectance of a full tone area V and a zero percent area H. It can clearly be seen that there is a spectral course due to the colored (blue) full tone area.

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  • Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
  • Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
EP92103605A 1991-03-25 1992-03-03 Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Flächendeckung einer Vorlage, insbesondere einer Druckplatte, sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Expired - Lifetime EP0505769B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4109744 1991-03-25
DE4109744A DE4109744C2 (de) 1991-03-25 1991-03-25 Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Flächendeckung einer druckenden Vorlage, insbes. einer Druckplatte, sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP0505769A1 EP0505769A1 (de) 1992-09-30
EP0505769B1 true EP0505769B1 (de) 1994-12-07

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EP92103605A Expired - Lifetime EP0505769B1 (de) 1991-03-25 1992-03-03 Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Flächendeckung einer Vorlage, insbesondere einer Druckplatte, sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

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US (1) US5724143A (ja)
EP (1) EP0505769B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP2918386B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN1057252C (ja)
AT (1) ATE115048T1 (ja)
CA (1) CA2062457C (ja)
DE (2) DE4109744C2 (ja)

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DE102005019777B4 (de) * 2005-04-28 2020-08-06 Manroland Goss Web Systems Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur automatischen Ermittlung von Voreinstellwerten für Farbzonenstellelemente eines Farbwerks einer Druckmaschine
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DE102017200870B4 (de) 2017-01-19 2021-10-28 Koenig & Bauer Ag Bogenverarbeitende Maschine mit einem Lüftersystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Lüftersystems einer bogenverarbeitenden Maschine
CN111918004B (zh) * 2020-09-16 2023-07-04 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 图像传感器、终端、数据处理方法、装置及存储介质
CN112571315B (zh) * 2020-11-30 2024-01-30 浙江星淦科技有限公司 一种便于夹紧的烫金版样纸定位装置
CN112477410B (zh) * 2020-11-30 2024-01-12 浙江星淦科技有限公司 一种烫金版样纸定位装置

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CA2062457A1 (en) 1992-09-26
ATE115048T1 (de) 1994-12-15
DE59200881D1 (de) 1995-01-19
CN1057252C (zh) 2000-10-11
DE4109744C2 (de) 1994-01-20
JP2918386B2 (ja) 1999-07-12
CA2062457C (en) 1996-08-27
JPH05177821A (ja) 1993-07-20
US5724143A (en) 1998-03-03
EP0505769A1 (de) 1992-09-30
DE4109744A1 (de) 1992-10-01
CN1065241A (zh) 1992-10-14

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