EP0501097A1 - Combustible pour moteurs à combustion et application de formate de méthyl - Google Patents

Combustible pour moteurs à combustion et application de formate de méthyl Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0501097A1
EP0501097A1 EP91890292A EP91890292A EP0501097A1 EP 0501097 A1 EP0501097 A1 EP 0501097A1 EP 91890292 A EP91890292 A EP 91890292A EP 91890292 A EP91890292 A EP 91890292A EP 0501097 A1 EP0501097 A1 EP 0501097A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
volume
fuel
methyl
methyl formate
vol
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91890292A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0501097B1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Dr. Klezl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
OMV AG
Original Assignee
OMV AG
OEMV AG
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Publication date
Application filed by OMV AG, OEMV AG filed Critical OMV AG
Publication of EP0501097A1 publication Critical patent/EP0501097A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0501097B1 publication Critical patent/EP0501097B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel for internal combustion engines with electrical ignition and to the use of methyl formate as an additive to fuels.
  • the efficiency of heat engines increases the greater the temperature difference between the entering and the exiting medium. In the case of internal combustion engines, this has the consequence that, at the same time, ever higher pressures have to be used in order to achieve a higher working temperature. In internal combustion engines with forced ignition of the mixture, the mixture must not ignite on its own.
  • the octane number was introduced as a measure of this ability. Depending on the different determination methods, the research octane number (RON), the motor octane number (MOZ), the street octane number (SOZ) and the front octane number (FOZ) are spoken of.
  • the front octane number is used in such a way that a fraction is drawn from the fuel which distills over to 100 ° C., and the research octane number is then determined from this.
  • the FOZ is thus a measure of the knock resistance of the fuel components that initially boil.
  • iron or manganese compounds can also be used as anti-knock agents, for example.
  • These compounds have a high toxicity, whereby oxides remain in the combustion chamber, which, if no further additives are provided in the fuel, can lead to premature wear of the piston and cylinder on the one hand, and can also cause the mixture to ignite prematurely due to glowing residues.
  • This phenomenon is known in the literature under the name "post-diesel". In the case of an engine that is subject to higher loads, however, this phenomenon can lead to the pistons melting.
  • methyl tert-butyl ether As an anti-knock agent that has been used particularly recently, methyl tert-butyl ether should be mentioned. This compound has a boiling point of 55.3 ° C and a density at 15 ° C of 0.7458 g / cm3. With the addition of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) an RON between 115 and 135 and an MOZ between 98 and 120 can be achieved depending on the composition of the base gasoline. MTBE is added between 3.0% and 15.0% by volume. A disadvantage of the addition of MTBE is that the increase in the number that is important for the normal operation of an engine, u. between the MOZ, not to the desired extent as with the ROZ.
  • MTBE methyl tert-butyl ether
  • Additives are known to prevent carburetor contamination. Additives to keep the gasoline from oxidizing so that no resinous sticky residues form. Additives to prevent gasoline from corroding metals. Additives that form a copper complex to prevent oxidation of the fuel and also additives to prevent carburetor icing. Under this group to prevent carburetor icing, either surfactants or compounds that lower the freezing point of the water are used.
  • amines, diamines, amides, ammonium salts of diesters are the Phosphoric acid, glycerols, alcohols, glycols, ketones, dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide mentioned in the literature.
  • DE-A1 2 447 345 discloses artificial fuel mixtures made from methanol, formaldehyde dimethyl acetal and methyl formate, which are intended to serve as artificial fuel mixtures.
  • additions of iron carbonyl and organic manganese compounds are provided.
  • Another object of the present invention is to lower the cloud point of gasolines and to reduce the risk of icing in both carburetor and injection engines.
  • Methyl formate is an industrial chemical that meets all the requirements placed on an octane number improver.
  • the starting product is synthesis gas, which is converted to methanol in a known manner and which also gives methyl formate by carbonylation using a known method.
  • this compound like other oxygen-containing components (e.g. furans), has no negative influence on the stability of the gasoline fuel (induction period, existent gum).
  • Methyl formate has a boiling point of 31.5 ° C, so that it can also be used in larger quantities as an ingredient in gasoline. It was now quite surprising that additions of methyl formate, for example the addition of other tapping agents, such as lead compounds, can replace, in addition to the Property prevents icing of carburettors and injection systems, and can also prevent aging by oxygen in the fuel in lower percentage limits. Despite the higher density of methyl formate compared to MTBE, it can also increase the FOZ. It is not necessary to add organometallic compounds to increase the number of knocks.
  • the MOZ of this fuel is also increased by adding methyl formate.
  • a ratio of methyl formate to methyl tert-butyl ether of 1: 1 is particularly advantageous in the fuel.
  • the fuel contains 10.0% by volume to 60.0% by volume, in particular 30.0% by volume to 50.0% by volume, of a mixture of methyl formate and methyl tert-butyl ether, one becomes Obtain fuel that has a particularly high proportion of products that distill up to 100 ° C, so that in addition to increasing the RON, a particularly favorable acceleration behavior of vehicles is achieved. A particularly significant increase in the practice-oriented properties of the fuel is obtained when about 30.0% by volume to 50.0% by volume of this mixture is present in the fuel.
  • the fuel additionally has alcohols, in particular methyl alcohol and / or ethyl alcohol
  • alcohols in particular methyl alcohol and / or ethyl alcohol
  • an additional increase in both the RON and the MOZ can be achieved, the solubility of hydrophilic substances in the fuel being able to be increased at the same time, so that a special trouble-free operation in the carburetor or in the injection system can be achieved.
  • These properties are achieved in particular by the low alcohols, such as methyl alcohol or ethyl alcohol, and there is also a particularly good availability of these two chemicals.
  • the fuel has 10.0% by volume to 60.0% by volume of a mixture of methyl formate, methyl tert-butyl ether and methyl alcohol, in particular in equal volumes, then trouble-free operation is possible even under difficult climatic conditions Conditions guaranteed.
  • the invention also lies in the use of methyl formate as an octane-increasing, in particular MOZ-increasing, additive to a manganese, lead and iron-free fuel for internal combustion engines with electrical ignition with carburetor and / or fuel injection with a boiling fraction of 30 ° C. to 200 ° C., in particular 30 ° C to 180 ° C, with paraffinic and / or olefinic and / or naphthenic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons, in particular in an amount of 1.0 vol.% To 30.0 vol.%, Preferably 3.5 vol .-% to 10.0 vol .-%, based on the total solution of the fuel.
  • methyl formate was already known as a fuel component, it was only used because of its good properties as a fuel because of its calorific value and as a solubilizer.
  • metallic Connections are provided that increase the octane number.
  • methyl formate has a lower RON than various other additives that increase the knock number, it has identical RON and MOZ, which makes the suitability for practice particularly clear.
  • Methyl formate already has an increase in small volume% limits, for example 1.0% by volume or 3.5% by volume RON, but in addition to these properties, the properties for lowering the cloud point of the fuel as well as Separation of sediments from the fuel can be highlighted. The starting behavior of injection engines at low temperature is also improved.
  • a boiling fraction of a petroleum base stock from 30 ° C to 180 ° C had a density of 0.740 g / cm3. After storing the mixture at - 22 ° C, turbidity occurred after 5 hours, since the water content of 250 ppm at this temperature could no longer be kept in solution. After 3 days of storage at room temperature, sedimentation in the gasoline was observed.
  • the RON and MOZ were determined on the boiling fraction according to Example 1 without addition.
  • the RON and MOZ were determined on pure methyl formate.
  • Example 2 A boiling fraction according to Example 2 was mixed with 10.0% by volume of methyl tert-butyl ether and the RON and MOZ were determined.
  • a boiling fraction according to Example 2 was mixed with 20.0% by volume of methyl tert-butyl ether and the RON and MOZ were determined.
  • a boiling fraction according to Example 2 was mixed with 30.0% by volume of methyl tert-butyl ether and the RON and MOZ were determined.
  • a mixture of one part by volume of methyl formate and one part by volume of methyl tert-butyl ether was prepared and a mixture with the boiling fraction according to Example 2 of 10.0% by volume of this mixture was prepared.
  • the RON and MOZ were determined.
  • a mixture was prepared analogously to Example 13, but with 20.0% by volume of the mixture of methyl formate and methyl tert-butyl ether. The RON and MOZ were determined.
  • a fuel was prepared according to Example 14, 30.0% by volume of the mixture of methyl alcohol, methyl formate and methyl tert-butyl ether being present.
  • a boiling fraction of a petroleum base stock from 30 ° C to 185 ° C had a density of 0.745 g / cm3. After storage the mixture at - 22 ° C. became cloudy after 5 hours, since the water content of 200 ppm was no longer kept in solution at this temperature. After the mixture had been stored for 3 days, sedimentation in the gasoline was observed.
  • the RON and MOZ were determined on the boiling fraction according to Example 17 without addition.
  • the RON and MOZ were determined on pure methyl formate.
  • Example 18 A boiling fraction according to Example 18 was mixed with 10.0% by volume of methyl tert-butyl ether and the RON and MOZ were determined.
  • a boiling fraction according to Example 18 was mixed with 20.0% by volume of methyl tert-butyl ether and the RON and MOZ were determined.
  • a boiling fraction according to Example 18 was mixed with 30.0% by volume of methyl tert-butyl ether and the RON and MOZ were determined.
  • a mixture of one part by volume of methyl formate and one part by volume of methyl tert-butyl ether was produced and a mixture with the boiling fraction according to Example 18 of 10.0% by volume of this mixture was prepared and the RON and MOZ were determined.
  • a mixture was prepared analogously to Example 18, but with 20.0% by volume of the mixture of methyl formate and methyl tert-butyl ether, and the RON and MOZ were determined.
  • Example 18 A fuel was produced according to Example 18, 30.0% by volume of the mixture of methyl alcohol, methyl formate and methyl tert-butyl ether being present, and the RON and MOZ were determined.
  • Table I REGULAR GASOLINE RON MOZ
  • Example 2 90.3 81.6
  • Example 3 91.1 82.3
  • Example 4 91.8 83.0
  • Example 5 93.1 84.2
  • Example 6 94.2 85.1
  • Example 7 95.2 86.1
  • Example 8 96.1 87.0
  • Example 10 91.9 82.4
  • Example 11 93.1 84.0 Example 12 94.3 84.8
  • Example 13 92.0 83.3
  • Example 14 94.5 84.9
  • Example 15 92.1 83.6
  • Example 16 94.4 85.0 EUROSUPER RON MOZ
  • Example 18 96.0 84.5
  • Example 19 96.6 85.1
  • Example 20 97.1 85.6
  • Example 21 98.1 86.9
  • Example 22 99.0 88.1
  • Example 23 99.9 89.0
  • Example 24 101.0 89

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
EP91890292A 1991-02-26 1992-01-01 Combustible pour moteurs à combustion et application de formate de méthyl Expired - Lifetime EP0501097B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0040191A AT404596B (de) 1991-02-26 1991-02-26 Treibstoff für verbrennungsmotoren und verwendung von methylformiat
AT401/91 1991-02-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0501097A1 true EP0501097A1 (fr) 1992-09-02
EP0501097B1 EP0501097B1 (fr) 1995-08-30

Family

ID=3489643

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91890292A Expired - Lifetime EP0501097B1 (fr) 1991-02-26 1992-01-01 Combustible pour moteurs à combustion et application de formate de méthyl

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5232464A (fr)
EP (1) EP0501097B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT404596B (fr)
CS (1) CS53792A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE59203411D1 (fr)
HU (1) HU210759B (fr)
YU (1) YU16892A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3399008A1 (fr) * 2017-05-02 2018-11-07 ASG Analytik-Service Gesellschaft mbH Essence potentiellement carboneutre et respectueuse de l'environnement basée sur la chimie c1
WO2020074441A1 (fr) 2018-10-08 2020-04-16 Oxfa Gmbh Utilisation d'un alkylester d'acide formique et/ou d'un éther diméthylique d'oxyméthylène ou d'un éther diméthylique de polyoxyméthylène

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5236467A (en) * 1992-06-12 1993-08-17 Excellene Limited Double fortified hydrocarbon and process for making and using the same
US5380346A (en) * 1992-06-12 1995-01-10 Fritz; James E. Fortified hydrocarbon and process for making and using the same
US6923839B2 (en) * 2001-06-26 2005-08-02 Cooper Cameron Fuel blend for an internal combustion engine
GB0126990D0 (en) 2001-11-09 2002-01-02 Carroll Robert Method and composition for improving fuel consumption
JP2013509488A (ja) * 2009-10-30 2013-03-14 シェブロン ユー．エス．エー． インコーポレイテッド 燃料組成物
WO2012058280A2 (fr) * 2010-10-26 2012-05-03 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Moteur à combustion interne à haut rendement et procédé pour son fonctionnement employant un allumage par compression partiellement prémélangé à basse température à temps complet aux faibles émissions
CN109804050B (zh) * 2016-08-24 2021-05-04 沙特基础工业全球技术公司 N,n-二甲基乙酰胺作为稀释蒸汽系统的洗涤油

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2334006A (en) * 1939-05-31 1943-11-09 Standard Oil Co California Motor fuel
GB1411947A (en) * 1972-02-01 1975-10-29 British Petroleum Co Gasoline composition
US4390344A (en) * 1980-03-26 1983-06-28 Texaco Inc. Gasohol maintained as a single mixture by the addition of an acetal, a ketal or an orthoester
EP0227176A2 (fr) * 1985-12-19 1987-07-01 SNAMPROGETTI S.p.A. Composition oxygénée à haut indice d'octane pour combustible et méthode pour sa préparation

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2447345A1 (de) * 1974-10-04 1976-04-15 Kuehn Martin Prof Dr Phil Nat Klopfbestaendiger motortreibstoff, gekennzeichnet durch die verwendung von alkoholen, insbesondere methanol, zusammen mit acetalen und estern, insbesondere des methanols, mit zusaetzen von eisencarbonyl und in dem treibstoff loeslichen organischen verbindungen des mangans
GB1587866A (en) * 1976-11-22 1981-04-08 Nippon Oil Co Ltd Methyl tert-butyl ether
DE2809481A1 (de) * 1978-01-25 1979-07-26 Supol Tank Dipl Kfm Paul Boehm Herstellung eines motorenkraftstoffes unter zugabe von methanol
US4375361A (en) * 1980-03-24 1983-03-01 Suntech, Inc. Process for making a high octane fuel component
EP0049995B1 (fr) * 1980-10-10 1984-09-12 Zimmer Aktiengesellschaft Composition d'essence et méthode pour sa préparation

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2334006A (en) * 1939-05-31 1943-11-09 Standard Oil Co California Motor fuel
GB1411947A (en) * 1972-02-01 1975-10-29 British Petroleum Co Gasoline composition
US4390344A (en) * 1980-03-26 1983-06-28 Texaco Inc. Gasohol maintained as a single mixture by the addition of an acetal, a ketal or an orthoester
EP0227176A2 (fr) * 1985-12-19 1987-07-01 SNAMPROGETTI S.p.A. Composition oxygénée à haut indice d'octane pour combustible et méthode pour sa préparation

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3399008A1 (fr) * 2017-05-02 2018-11-07 ASG Analytik-Service Gesellschaft mbH Essence potentiellement carboneutre et respectueuse de l'environnement basée sur la chimie c1
WO2020074441A1 (fr) 2018-10-08 2020-04-16 Oxfa Gmbh Utilisation d'un alkylester d'acide formique et/ou d'un éther diméthylique d'oxyméthylène ou d'un éther diméthylique de polyoxyméthylène

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HU210759B (en) 1995-07-28
US5232464A (en) 1993-08-03
CS53792A3 (en) 1992-09-16
EP0501097B1 (fr) 1995-08-30
DE59203411D1 (de) 1995-10-05
ATA40191A (de) 1998-05-15
HU9200619D0 (en) 1992-05-28
AT404596B (de) 1998-12-28
HUT60319A (en) 1992-08-28
YU16892A (sh) 1994-06-10

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