EP0480295A1 - Set for the construction of private or holiday homes - Google Patents

Abstract

For the construction of monolithic private or holiday homes, as a rule formwalls, the interspaces of which are filled with concrete, in particular light weight or foamed concrete, are erected. To facilitate alignment of the formwalls with the concrete, the invention provides that anchoring elements (5) be attached to a template (3), the anchoring elements (5) be pushed into the uncured foundation (7) which is still soft at least at its surface, the template (3) be removed after curing the foundation (7), and subsequently the formwalls (10) be fastened to the anchoring elements (5) using counterpieces adapted to the anchoring elements. The formwalls (10) can then be simply screwed onto the anchoring elements (5) without special alignment of the formwalls (10) being necessary. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a kit for building a living or holiday home, in which the house walls are made after building a foundation of cavities formed from formwork walls with concrete, lightweight or foam concrete, with individual, tabular formwork elements for creating the formwork walls and anchoring elements for Attach the formwork elements to the foundations.

The construction of buildings or parts of buildings from concrete, with or without additives, has been known for some time. It is a particularly economical process with which the shell of a house can be erected in a time-saving manner. In order to align the formwork walls or the formwork elements forming the formwork walls, it was previously necessary to mark the course of the wall with a chalk line, align the walls along this line and anchor them to the foundation. Apart from the fact that this work takes additional time, experienced specialists are required to make sure that the plans are followed.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a kit of the type mentioned at the outset, with which the shell of a building can be produced even more quickly, in particular special alignment of the formwork elements being eliminated and at the same time the attachment of the formwork elements being simplified.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that the kit includes anchoring dowels for insertion into the still soft concrete of the foundation, a template for fixing and simultaneous insertion of all the required anchoring dowels and suitable fastening screws in the anchoring dowels, and that at least some of the formwork elements on their lower edge have a mounting flange projecting essentially at right angles, in which holes are provided for gripping through mounting screws engaging in the anchoring dowels.

The size of the template preferably corresponds to the ground plan of the foundation, so that all anchoring elements for all formwork walls can be introduced into the foundation with the template. After completion of the foundation and removal of the template, the formwork walls only need to be attached to the anchoring elements with their counterparts, which means that the formwork walls are automatically correctly aligned. Since the formwork walls can no longer be misaligned, auxiliary workers can be used to erect the formwork walls. Furthermore, the method avoids that anchoring elements have to be attached to the foundation only when the formwork walls are erected. Because the kit provides dowels as anchoring element, it is not only possible to screw the formwork elements directly onto these dowels; rather, it is also possible to fasten the dowels to the template by means of screws for insertion into the still soft concrete. It is also conceivable here that the dowels, which can be made of plastic, can be attached to pins attached to the template. Then the template can be removed even more easily afterwards; in addition, no concrete can get into any thread to crust it.

It is also advantageous if the kit also contains a part of formwork elements, which also have fastening flanges which protrude at right angles at their lower edges, on which engage horizontal adjusting screws which are supported in the installed state of an outer formwork wall on anchoring elements embedded in the foundation. In this way, the distance between the outer formwork elements and the inner formwork elements can be set, which among other things. for fastening hollow formwork e.g. Window openings and the like is cheap.

It is further preferred if the kit has a molded skin attached to a flat die and depicting the facade, e.g. made of rubber, which is held by associated formwork elements when the outer formwork wall is assembled. This shaped skin can e.g. give the outside of the outer wall a plaster structure that is made monolithically by pouring the formwork walls. So that a continuous, uniform façade design can be achieved without cracks in the façade, it is preferred if the area dimensions of the die differ from those of the formwork elements. Then e.g. a matrix can be provided for the entire width of the house, although smaller formwork elements are used.

In a preferred manner, the lower edge of the die can be provided with insertion pins pointing downwards, which fit into the anchoring dowels embedded in the foundation with play. These dowels, which have already been inserted into the still soft foundation with the help of the template, in conjunction with the insertion pins ensure that the outer formwork walls are automatically arranged correctly. The play between insert pins and anchoring pins is therefore provided so that the formwork elements supporting the matrices can be shifted slightly in order to get the formwork tight. If the game between pins and dowels is not enough Chen, the insert pins can also be slidably guided in the die in a slot. For this purpose, they are preferably pressed to one side of the die in the slot by a spring or a rubber.

Although the anchoring anchors attached to the template are fixed at a distance from each other and therefore it does not matter exactly how the template is placed on the foundation, the insertion of the anchoring anchors can be simplified if the kit includes alignment tubes that are used to create the foundation attaches to the corners thereof, and if alignment pins are also attached to the corners of the template, which are inserted into the alignment tubes when aligning the template. In this way, the attachment of the template can be carried out by auxiliary personnel, since the position of the template is clearly defined by the alignment tubes attached to the corners of the foundation.

Structural steel mats can preferably be used as a template. Depending on the size of the foundation, several structural steel mats must be connected.

In particular, if you want to use the kit to create a residential or holiday home on a slope, it is advantageous if you choose the floor plan of the foundation larger than the floor plan of the outer walls to form a circumferential base. Then additional anchor anchors can be used in the base on which a scaffold, a lifting platform or the like. is attachable. Since scaffolding can generally only be set up very poorly on the slope side, the kit according to a preferred embodiment also provides a rail which is dimensioned such that it protrudes at least with one end over a long side of the ground plan of the foundation, and which one in the manufacture of the foundation. At the opposite end, attachment points can be provided for attaching a scaffold or a lifting platform. With the help of this rail, it is possible to place a third fastening point outside an imaginary line connecting two fastening points lying on the base, so that the lifting platform stands securely.

In a particularly favorable manner, the kit also includes installation brackets, which are designed as elongated wire cages and can be fastened to the template for insertion into the still soft concrete of the foundation. All cable and pipe installations can be inserted into these wire cages without the need for further fastening. Since the installation brackets are already used when inserting the anchors, the cables can be laid in the walls before the formwork walls are erected. These wire cages also take on the function of connecting irons for the walls. Separate connecting irons are therefore unnecessary.

The insertion of the lines in the wire cages can be further simplified in that the wire cages have opposite and offset, freely ending cross bars on a longitudinal wall of the cage, this cage wall being otherwise open. In this context, it is preferred if the cross rungs only extend approximately to the longitudinal center of the cage wall. On the one hand, this construction enables all cables to be inserted easily, on the other hand, the freely ending cross bars are sufficient to prevent the cables from slipping out of the wire cages by floating when the concrete is poured in.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the remaining subclaims.

• Fig. 1 die Draufsicht auf ein Streifenfundament für ein zu errichtendes Haus, mit eingelegter Befestigungsschiene,
• Fig. 2 eine Schablone mit daran lösbar angebrachten Verankerungselementen, in einer Draufsicht,
• Fig. 3 in einer schematischen Seitenansicht die Schablone gemäß Fig. 2 beim Aufsetzen auf die inzwischen gegossene, noch nicht ausgehärtete Fundamentplatte,
• Fig. 4 eine Draufsicht auf die Fundamentplatte und die darin eingesetzten Verankerungselemente nach Abnehmen der Schablone,
• Fig. 5 eine Draufsicht auf die Fundamentplatte mit bereits errichteten Schalungswänden und teilweise ausgegossenem Hohlraum, sowie an dem Fundamentsockel angebrachten Hubplattformen,
• Fig. 6 eine Draufsicht, ähnlich wie Fig. 5, jedoch nach Abnehmen der Schalungswände,
• Fig. 7 eine Schnittansicht durch eine Befestigungsstelle einer Hubplattform entlang der Linie VII/VII in Fig. 5, in vergrößerter Darstellung,
• Fig. 8 einen Schnitt durch eine eingeschalte Außenwand, entlang der Linie VIII/VIII aus Fig. 5 in vergrößerter Darstellung.

An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing. Show it:

• 1 is a top view of a strip foundation for a house to be built, with an inserted mounting rail,
• 2 is a top view of a template with releasably attached anchoring elements,
• 3 shows a schematic side view of the template according to FIG. 2 when it is placed on the now cast, not yet hardened foundation plate,
• 4 is a plan view of the foundation plate and the anchoring elements used therein after removing the template,
• 5 is a top view of the foundation plate with the formwork walls already erected and the cavity partially poured out, as well as lifting platforms attached to the foundation base,
• 6 is a plan view, similar to FIG. 5, but after removing the formwork walls,
• 7 is a sectional view through an attachment point of a lifting platform along the line VII / VII in FIG. 5, in an enlarged view,
• Fig. 8 shows a section through an outer wall, along the line VIII / VIII of Fig. 5 in an enlarged view.

The drawing shows an example of the typical construction of a living or holiday home using the method according to the invention described.

First, depending on the structural requirements, a foundation trench is dug and filled with concrete. An alignment tube 1 is placed in each corner of the foundation, but in total at least two such tubes. Depending on the size of the house, a fastening rail 2 projecting on the long sides of the foundation and bent at both ends is also inserted, for a purpose which will be explained later.

So far, the work corresponds to the state shown in Fig. 1.

As shown in the plan view in Fig. 2, a template 3 is prepared, the area of which corresponds approximately to the floor plan of the foundation of the house. At the four corners of the template 3, which in the exemplary embodiment shown here consists of a structural steel mat, alignment pins 4 are fastened which fit into the alignment pipes 1 of the foundation. Anchoring elements 5 are attached to the template 3 in the form of dowels. This is done, as can be seen from FIG. 3, in that screws 6 are screwed into dowels 5 through the template 3 and protrude to the underside of the template 3. At the same time 3 installation brackets in the form of wire cages 35 are attached to the template. This can be done in a manner not shown by screwing or wiring. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the wire cages 35 fastened to the template 3 with anchoring feet (not specified in more detail) project approximately as far down as the dowels 5 and 8.

Now the foundation plate 7 is poured and smoothly pulled off in the usual way. As long as the concrete of the foundation plate 7 is still soft, the template is then lowered from above onto the foundation plate 7, as shown in FIG. 3, in such a way that the alignment pins 7 engage in the alignment tubes 1. In this way, the dowels 5 are pressed into the still soft foundation plate 7, where they are essentially flush with the top of the foundation plate 7. After the foundation plate 7 has hardened, the screws 6 are unscrewed from the dowels 5, after which the template 3 can then be lifted off. The foundation now looks as shown in FIG. 4, with dowels 5 embedded and anchored in the foundation plate 7. The arrangement of the dowels 5 can also be seen in FIG. The dowels 5 serve, as will be explained later, for screwing on the formwork walls to create the house walls. As a result, the dowels on the template have already been aligned and attached so that the formwork walls, which are provided with corresponding holes, can be screwed on. In addition, on the outer edge of the foundation plate 7 further dowels 8 are inserted, to which, as will be explained later, lifting platforms 9 can be attached. From Fig. 4 it can also be seen how the wire cages 35 are embedded in the foundation for installation. The arrangement of the wire cages 35 depends not least on where doors and windows are provided in the later walls. In Fig. 4, the wire cages 35 are arranged circumferentially on the floor and vertically upwards in the corners. In the corners, the wire cages 35 can also be used as reinforcement without cables being pulled through. 8 shows a horizontally arranged wire cage 35 in section and a vertically arranged wire cage 35 in broken lines. One longitudinal side of the wire cage 35 is essentially open and allows access to the interior of the wire cage. For this purpose, the open longitudinal wall 36 has cross rungs 37 which extend transversely to the longitudinal direction and are arranged opposite one another, end freely and in each case only extend to the longitudinal center of the wire cage 35. In this way, a line can be inserted through the open side 36 of the wire cage without the risk of it coming out of this side.

5 in conjunction with FIG. 8 shows how the formwork walls 9 and 10 are erected. The formwork walls 9 for the room walls are combined into so-called room formwork 11. What is hidden behind it is clear from Fig. 5. There, the formwork walls 9 are connected to one another in a rectangular arrangement to form a cuboid box. The outer formwork walls 10 consist of formwork elements 12 and a die 13, on which a molded skin apron made of rubber or the like is glued, in which the negative shape of the future facade is molded. While several formwork elements 12 are required when formwork is formulated on the outside of a building, the die 13 runs through an entire side of the building, as does the molded skin 14. In this way, interruptions in the design of the facade are avoided. Of course, if an interruption in the facade architecture is desired, the matrix can also be shorter than the full length of one side of the building.

Both the formwork elements 12 and the formwork walls 9 forming the space formwork 11 each have an outwardly directed fastening flange 15 or 16 on their lower edge.

Insert pins 17 are provided on the lower edge of the dies 13. These insertion pins 17 have a smaller diameter than that in Foundation 7 cast in dowels 5, so that the dies 13 can be moved slightly transversely to their plane. Should it be necessary for the dies to be able to be displaced further than the play between dowels and insertion pins, it is expedient if the insertion pins in the die are kept displaceably in a slot, by means of a spring or a piece of elastic band one of the die sides are pressed. Thus, the matrices can be moved by the amount of their thickness in addition to the play between the insertion pin and dowel.

On the mounting flange 15 of the formwork elements 12 of the outer formwork walls 9 engage horizontally aligned set screws 18, which are guided in an internally threaded anchoring piece 19, which anchoring piece 19 itself is screwed into a dowel 5 embedded in the foundation plate 7.

The fastening flange 16 of the formwork walls 10 forming the formwork 11 is provided with through holes 20, through which fastening screws 21 can be screwed into the dowels 5 embedded in the foundation plate 7, in order to fasten the space formwork 11 to the foundation plate 7.

As far as the construction of the formwork walls 9 and 10 is concerned, it should be pointed out again that all dowels 5 have already been inserted into the foundation plate 7 by means of the template 3 at the designated locations. The room formwork 11 is then first placed on the foundation and aligned so that the fastening screws 21 can be screwed through the holes 20 into the dowels 5. Then the displacement body 23, optionally glued to the frame 24, are attached to the outside of the room formwork, or fastened by holding magnets. Then the matrices 13 provided with the molded skin 14 are inserted from the outside with the insertion pins 17 into the dowels provided for this purpose. If necessary, sealing strips can also be attached beforehand to the displacement bodies, depending on how rough or irregular the structure of the molded skin 14 is. Then the spacer rods 22 are hung on the upper ends of the formwork, after which the formwork itself is already. However, so that the hydrostatic pressure occurring when the concrete is poured in does not result in the formwork walls being pushed apart at the lower end, the outer formwork elements 12 are set up and screwed to the die. In the outer dowel 5, the anchoring piece 19 is inserted and the set screw 18 is screwed in so that it exerts pressure against the lower fastening flange 15 of the formwork elements 12, which prevents the formwork elements from escaping to the outside.

Now the formwork set up with the desired concrete, e.g. B. lightweight concrete, foam concrete or gas concrete can be poured.

As can be seen from Fig. 5, the size of the foundation plate 7, seen in outline, is larger than the outline of the outer walls of the building to be constructed. As a result, a base 25 remains outside the outer walls. The aforementioned dowels 8 for fastening the lifting platforms 26, which are also shown in FIG. 5, are provided in the region of this base 25 and have extension arms 27 and 28 with which the base 29 of the lifting platform is already fastened to 2 dowels 8 embedded in the foundation plate 7 can. The length of the cantilever arms 27 and 28 is determined by the distance of the dowels 8 from the base 29. However, the length of the cantilever arms 27 and 28 will already be taken into account when the dowels 8 are attached using the template 3.

While the base 29 at a corner of the foundation, e.g. B. can find a further attachment point in the alignment tube 1, in the event that the lifting platform 26 is to be attached to a corner, a further attachment point is to be provided for attaching the lifting platform on one side, which allows moment introduction into the foundation 7. For this purpose, the fastening rail 2 already described above is provided, the two ends of which protrude from the foundation plate 7. As can be clearly seen from FIG. 7, the base 29 is screwed tightly to one end 31 of the fastening rail 2, so that the fastening rail can absorb part of the moment load. The base 29 of the lifting platform 26 is in turn intercepted by the two extension arms 27 and 28, which are fastened to the dowels 8 arranged on the side. With lifting platforms attached in the way, which generally have a lower swivel arm 32 and an upper swivel arm 33, to which the actual platform 34 is attached, almost any point of the structure can be reached, even if the building is at one Slope is to be built, where there is no possibility, at least on the slope side, of approaching the building with a standard pallet truck. The lifting platform 26 can also be designed as a concrete distributor arm at the same time, in order to fill the formwork spaces with concrete. There are already such concrete distributor arms on which a work basket is attached.

As soon as the concrete in the formwork spaces has solidified sufficiently, the formwork can be removed, for which purpose the room formwork 11 is also used in the usual way Way can be divided.

The ceiling can be installed as a finished ceiling in the usual way.

It is also possible to set up a second floor in the same way, in which case the outer formwork walls for the upper floor are then attached to those for the floor below.

In order to further simplify setting up the formwork walls with a crane, the template can also be used to insert two additional dowels for each formwork element into the foundation plate, into which you then screw conical centering pins that engage in corresponding recesses in the formwork elements.

Claims (13)

1.Kit for the construction of a residential or holiday home, in which the house walls are made after building a foundation of cavities formed from formwork walls with concrete, lightweight or foam concrete, with individual, tabular formwork elements for creating the formwork walls and anchoring elements for fastening the formwork elements the foundation, characterized in that the anchoring dowel kit (5) for insertion in the still soft walls of the foundation (7), a template (3) for fixing and simultaneously inserting all the required anchoring dowels (5) and into the anchoring dowels (5) includes suitable fastening screws (6), and that at least some of the formwork elements (10) have a fastening flange (16) protruding essentially at right angles on their lower edge, in which holes (20) for engaging fastening screws (21) engaging in the anchoring dowels (5) ) are provided. 2. Kit according to claim 1, characterized in that the anchoring dowels (5) on the template with the aid of the fastening screws (6) can be fixed. 3. Kit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a further part of the formwork elements (12) also have at their lower edges a substantially perpendicular protruding mounting flange (15) on the horizontal set screws (18) which engage in the assembled state support an outer formwork wall (9) on anchoring elements (19) embedded in the foundation (7) and with which the clear distance between an outer formwork wall (9) and the associated inner formwork wall (10) can be adjusted. 4. Kit according to claim 3, characterized in that for the facade forming outer formwork walls (9) on a flat matrix (3) attached molded skin (14) e.g. made of rubber is provided which is held by the associated formwork elements (12) when the outer formwork wall (9) is assembled. 5. Kit according to claim 4, characterized in that the area dimensions of the die (13) are different from those of the formwork elements (12) supporting the die (13). 6. Kit according to one of claims 4 to 5, characterized in that the die (13) is provided on its lower edge with downwardly facing insertion pins (17) which fit into the dowels (5) embedded in the foundation (7) with play. 7. Kit according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that on the upper edges of opposing formwork elements (10, 12) these connecting adjustable spacer bars (22) are attached. 8. Kit according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the kit further comprises a in the concrete of the foundation (7) to be let rail (2) which is dimensioned such that at least one of its ends on a longitudinal side of the plan of The foundation (7) protrudes, and that fastening points (31) for a scaffold or a lifting platform (26) are provided at this end of the rail (2). 9. Kit according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the kit further comprises alignment tubes (1) which are attached to the corners when creating the foundation (7), and that further attached to the corners of the template (3) and matching alignment pins (4) are fitted in the alignment tubes (1). 10. Kit according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the template is composed of one or more steel mats. 11. Kit according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the kit further comprises installation holder (35) which as Elongated wire cages are formed and can be attached to the template (3) in the still soft concrete of the concrete (7). 12. Kit according to claim 11, characterized in that the wire cages (35) on one of their longitudinal cage walls (36) opposite and offset to one another, freely ending cross bars (37), said cage wall (36) is otherwise open. 13. Kit according to claim 12, characterized in that the cross bars (37) extend only approximately to the longitudinal center of the cage wall (36).

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