EP0479308A2 - Bâtiment - Google Patents

Bâtiment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0479308A2
EP0479308A2 EP91116962A EP91116962A EP0479308A2 EP 0479308 A2 EP0479308 A2 EP 0479308A2 EP 91116962 A EP91116962 A EP 91116962A EP 91116962 A EP91116962 A EP 91116962A EP 0479308 A2 EP0479308 A2 EP 0479308A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
building
walls
air
ceilings
floors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91116962A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0479308B1 (fr
EP0479308A3 (en
Inventor
Michael Demuth
Wolfgang Dr. Holzapfel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0479308A2 publication Critical patent/EP0479308A2/fr
Publication of EP0479308A3 publication Critical patent/EP0479308A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0479308B1 publication Critical patent/EP0479308B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a building, in particular a residential or commercial building, in the walls, floors and / or ceilings of which the roof structure is also to be understood, hollow chambers designed for air or gas flow are provided, which are located over a substantial part of the walls. , Floor or ceiling surface.
  • the hollow chambers are connected both to the atmosphere outside the building and to the interior of the building in order to blow fresh air into the interior of the building through the hollow chambers of the walls, possibly via building heating ( DE 36 09 452 C2).
  • This building training intended for warm air heating is unsatisfactory since it does not take sufficient account of the problem of keeping the building walls dry.
  • the invention has for its object to solve the existing problems in the known buildings of the type mentioned with regard to drying and keeping the walls, floors and / or ceilings of the building dry and a pleasant and arbitrarily adjustable indoor climate in the building with maximum energy savings for heating or to allow cooling.
  • the hollow chambers designed for air or gas flow in the walls, floors and / or ceilings form a closed circulating air system extending around the building or part thereof, the walls, floors or ceilings containing the hollow chambers consist of a water vapor-permeable material essentially over its entire thickness, ie homogeneously over its entire solid part.
  • air is therefore circulated in the hollow chambers in a closed circuit, either by pumps or by gravity, with neither fresh air nor exhaust air being discharged. Since the circulating air is not blown into the interior of the building, it is impossible for bacteria or other pathogens in it to get into the rooms of the building.
  • the hollow chambers formed in the walls, floors and / or ceilings, which form a self-contained circulating air chamber which extends continuously in a ring around the building, enable e.g.
  • the air that is in the hollow chamber on the south side of the house can flow through convection or pumps into neighboring building exterior walls that are not exposed to the sun or into ceilings or floors adjoining the sunlit building wall, thereby guaranteeing heating of these parts of the building as well.
  • the inner hollow chamber facing the inside of the building in the upper region of the building can be connected to the hollow chamber adjacent to the outside of the building, a heat exchanger or.
  • a heat pump can be provided, which or which the heat of the or takes the warm air flowing in one of the interconnected two hollow chambers for other reuse, thereby bringing the circulating air below its dew point and removing the condensed air humidity.
  • the training described above can achieve maximum energy savings for air conditioning, such as heating, cooling or drying the building.
  • the speed of the air circulation in the hollow chambers can be changed and adjusted by means of circulation pumps, as a result of which the indoor climate, ie the air temperature and humidity, can be adjusted in the desired manner.
  • the building shown in Fig. 1 stands on a concrete foundation 1 with an insulating layer 2.
  • the outer and inner walls 3, 4, floors 5 and ceilings 6 and the roof structure 7 are formed by hollow building blocks 8, 9, 10, which are made of fired Sound or the like can exist and have one, two or three mutually extending cavities that are open on all four end faces of the components with which they are put together to form the wall, floor, ceiling and roof, and connected to the cavities of the neighboring components are.
  • the basement floor 5 lying directly on the foundation 1 is constructed with building blocks 9 which form two cavities 11, 12 which extend one above the other in the basement floor.
  • the outer wall 3 of the building and the roof 7 are made of building blocks 8, which each form three hollow chambers 11, 12, 13 which extend alongside one another in these parts of the building.
  • the inner wall 4 of the building is also designed in this way, while the upper outer wall 3 of the building and the ceiling 6 of the right half of the building consist of building blocks 9 which form two adjacent cavities 11, 12 in their position next to one another.
  • the basement floor 5 located on the foundation 1 and the basement ceiling 6 above it, like the basement ceiling 6 of the left half of the building consist of building blocks 10 which only form a cavity 11, 12 in these parts of the building.
  • the outer hollow chambers 11 in the outer walls 3 and the floors 5 are connected to one another, as are the inner hollow chambers 12 of these parts of the building.
  • the sole hollow chambers 13 in the ceilings 6 are also connected to these inner hollow chambers 12.
  • the outer hollow chambers 11 are connected to the inner hollow chambers 12 via the building heating 15, while in the area of the roof ridge the outer and inner hollow chambers 11, 12 are connected to one another via a heat pump 16. This results in a closed chamber system in which air heated in the heater 15 can be passed up through the inner hollow chambers 12 in the floors, ceilings, walls in the roof of the building, taking with it the moisture that has penetrated into these parts of the building.
  • the remaining warm energy is taken from the warm air carried up in the hollow chambers 12, which may have given off part of its thermal energy into the interior of the building, whereupon it is cold air n down the outer hollow chambers 11 of the roof 7 and the building outer walls 3 and is returned to the building heating 15 via the hollow chambers 11 of the basement floor 5.
  • this air is dried so that it can then absorb moisture from the building parts again when it is returned to the building heating 15 in the outer hollow chambers 11.
  • the condensate arising in the cooling of the warm air in the heat pump 16 is discharged in the line 18, while that in the heat pump 16 and in the heat exchanger 17 is removed from the warm air and the warm flue gases Thermal energy can be returned via line 19 to building heating 15.
  • the inner hollow chamber 13 provided in the left outer wall 3 of the building and in the left building roof 7, on the other hand, is self-contained and includes a fixed air mass, which is used for insulation purposes. Such an internal hollow chamber can of course also be provided in the other parts of the building.
  • the inner building wall 4 also has an inner hollow chamber 14 which, however, is not closed in itself but is connected to the flue gas outlet of the building heating 15.
  • This hollow chamber 13 used for flue gas discharge opens into the roof ridge in a heat exchanger 17 in which the residual heat is removed from the flue gas and fed to another reuse in the building. The moisture is frozen out of the flue gas.
  • the pollutants contained in it such as sulfur dioxide, carbonic acid, nitrogen oxides with such metal oxides, e.g. Iron oxide, that water-soluble salts, e.g. Sulphates, nitrates and carbonates are formed, which can be led into the sewer of the building or can be collected in a separate tank.
  • the air pollution from the combustion gases of the building heating can be drastically reduced in this way.
  • the air or gas flow in the hollow chambers 11, 12 can not only take place in the vertical direction rising or falling. Rather, the air flow in these chambers can also be given a horizontal flow component, either by conventional means or by circulation pumps.
  • a horizontal flow component either by conventional means or by circulation pumps.
  • the flow through the above-described hollow chamber system of the building can, depending on requirements, e.g. in the hot season, can be switched so that the circulating air can be used for cooling.
  • Additional insulation is no longer required in the building parts, but can be attached between the hollow chambers and / or on the outside of the building parts. It is also possible to coat the outer hollow chambers to the inside of the building in a water vapor-tight manner using a ceramic layer.
  • the spacers 21 keep the plates 20 at a distance from one another, as a result of which between these plates there are mutually extending cavities 22 which are open at the end edges with which the modules are attached to one another and are connected to the cavities of the adjacent modules to form continuous hollow chambers .
  • the building blocks consist both in their plates 20 and in their spacers 21 made of uniform living-friendly material such as clay or the like.
  • the building blocks shown in FIG. 2 each have four plates 20, which form three cavities 21 between them. They therefore correspond to the building blocks in the building wall 3 and the roof 7 of the left half of the building shown in FIG. 1 and the inner wall 4 thereof.
  • the building blocks in the other parts of this building have only three or two Spacers 21 interconnected building boards 20 with cavities 22 located between them.
  • One or more of these boards can be provided on their inside or outside with a water vapor-tight coating, for example a ceramic layer.
  • a building ceiling 24 of an already completed building is shown, on which hollow components 23 have been subsequently placed, which essentially correspond to the building blocks shown in Fig. 2 with plates 20, spacers 21 and cavities 22 formed between the plates.
  • the constant drying of the building parts by the air circulation system ensures that structural damage caused by wetness is avoided. Water vapor can no longer condense in the wall. Fungal growth in the interior of the building is no longer possible. The ventilation times of the building rooms and the resulting heat loss can be reduced. The swelling and shrinkage of components and the associated structural damage can also be reduced or eliminated.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
EP91116962A 1990-10-05 1991-10-04 Bâtiment Expired - Lifetime EP0479308B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4031614A DE4031614A1 (de) 1990-10-05 1990-10-05 Gebaeude
DE4031614 1990-10-05

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0479308A2 true EP0479308A2 (fr) 1992-04-08
EP0479308A3 EP0479308A3 (en) 1992-10-21
EP0479308B1 EP0479308B1 (fr) 1996-03-13

Family

ID=6415694

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91116962A Expired - Lifetime EP0479308B1 (fr) 1990-10-05 1991-10-04 Bâtiment

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0479308B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE135435T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4031614A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6843718B2 (en) * 2001-03-26 2005-01-18 Johannes Schmitz Method of guiding external air in a building shell and a building; and a method of temperature control of a building
WO2011001000A1 (fr) * 2009-07-02 2011-01-06 Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (Csic) Fermeture multicouche
ITMI20111316A1 (it) * 2011-07-15 2013-01-16 Ernesto Fardelli Edificio con impianto di climatizzazione estate/inverno integrato, a ridotto consumo energetico.
EP3354811A1 (fr) * 2017-01-26 2018-08-01 Rosasco, Enrico Procédé d'isolation thermique et acoustique de bâtiments de type actif et bâtiment construit selon ledit procédé

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19845557C2 (de) * 1998-10-02 2002-07-18 Ehnes Werner Lüftungsdämmsystem
DE202022101887U1 (de) 2022-04-07 2023-07-10 Hans Günther Schwarz Gebäude

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL55714C (fr) * 1900-01-01
GB191015796A (en) * 1910-07-01 1911-05-11 John Ferguson Improvements relating to the Construction of Damp-proof and Ventilated Walls.
FR449348A (fr) * 1912-10-12 1913-02-24 William Cargill Mur en béton coulé, en une seule opération, à paroi intérieure perméable et à paroi extérieure imperméable
DE1941401A1 (de) * 1968-05-22 1971-02-25 Dr Becker Otto Alfred Wandelement mit Isolierung
DE2929004A1 (de) * 1979-07-18 1981-02-05 Wolfgang Schlappig Verfahren und anlage zur rueckgewinnung von waerme
EP0150242A1 (fr) * 1984-01-28 1985-08-07 Lorenz Kesting Eléments de montage pour constituer un bâtiment, climatisé par ses parois
DE8607689U1 (de) * 1986-03-20 1986-07-03 Roehm Gmbh, 6100 Darmstadt Zu einem Plattenstapel verschweißbare Kunststoffplatte und daraus gefertigter Plattenstapel
DE3609452A1 (de) * 1985-03-04 1987-01-29 Georg Thesz Aussenwandkonstruktion an einem bauwerk
FR2651261A1 (fr) * 1989-08-30 1991-03-01 Prevost Jean Sysreme de ventilation interne, continu, statique ou renouvele intercheangeable, pour bloc prefabrique, composite ou non, avec son encolleur special.

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3244406A1 (de) * 1981-12-04 1984-05-03 Ernst Ing. 1130 Wien Perner Fertigteilhaussystem

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL55714C (fr) * 1900-01-01
GB191015796A (en) * 1910-07-01 1911-05-11 John Ferguson Improvements relating to the Construction of Damp-proof and Ventilated Walls.
FR449348A (fr) * 1912-10-12 1913-02-24 William Cargill Mur en béton coulé, en une seule opération, à paroi intérieure perméable et à paroi extérieure imperméable
DE1941401A1 (de) * 1968-05-22 1971-02-25 Dr Becker Otto Alfred Wandelement mit Isolierung
DE2929004A1 (de) * 1979-07-18 1981-02-05 Wolfgang Schlappig Verfahren und anlage zur rueckgewinnung von waerme
EP0150242A1 (fr) * 1984-01-28 1985-08-07 Lorenz Kesting Eléments de montage pour constituer un bâtiment, climatisé par ses parois
DE3609452A1 (de) * 1985-03-04 1987-01-29 Georg Thesz Aussenwandkonstruktion an einem bauwerk
DE8607689U1 (de) * 1986-03-20 1986-07-03 Roehm Gmbh, 6100 Darmstadt Zu einem Plattenstapel verschweißbare Kunststoffplatte und daraus gefertigter Plattenstapel
FR2651261A1 (fr) * 1989-08-30 1991-03-01 Prevost Jean Sysreme de ventilation interne, continu, statique ou renouvele intercheangeable, pour bloc prefabrique, composite ou non, avec son encolleur special.

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6843718B2 (en) * 2001-03-26 2005-01-18 Johannes Schmitz Method of guiding external air in a building shell and a building; and a method of temperature control of a building
WO2011001000A1 (fr) * 2009-07-02 2011-01-06 Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (Csic) Fermeture multicouche
ES2378859A1 (es) * 2009-07-02 2012-04-18 Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cient�?Ficas (Csic) Cerramiento multicapa.
ITMI20111316A1 (it) * 2011-07-15 2013-01-16 Ernesto Fardelli Edificio con impianto di climatizzazione estate/inverno integrato, a ridotto consumo energetico.
EP3354811A1 (fr) * 2017-01-26 2018-08-01 Rosasco, Enrico Procédé d'isolation thermique et acoustique de bâtiments de type actif et bâtiment construit selon ledit procédé

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE135435T1 (de) 1996-03-15
EP0479308B1 (fr) 1996-03-13
EP0479308A3 (en) 1992-10-21
DE59107538D1 (de) 1996-04-18
DE4031614A1 (de) 1992-04-09

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