EP0478639A1 - Charniere. - Google Patents

Charniere.

Info

Publication number
EP0478639A1
EP0478639A1 EP90909648A EP90909648A EP0478639A1 EP 0478639 A1 EP0478639 A1 EP 0478639A1 EP 90909648 A EP90909648 A EP 90909648A EP 90909648 A EP90909648 A EP 90909648A EP 0478639 A1 EP0478639 A1 EP 0478639A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hinge
frame
hinge according
hinge part
joint
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90909648A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0478639B1 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Wehking
Wladyslaw Wasilewski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Praemeta Praezisionsmetall und Kunststofferzeugnisse G Baumann and Co
Original Assignee
Praemeta Praezisionsmetall und Kunststofferzeugnisse G Baumann and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Praemeta Praezisionsmetall und Kunststofferzeugnisse G Baumann and Co filed Critical Praemeta Praezisionsmetall und Kunststofferzeugnisse G Baumann and Co
Priority to AT90909648T priority Critical patent/ATE100519T1/de
Publication of EP0478639A1 publication Critical patent/EP0478639A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0478639B1 publication Critical patent/EP0478639B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D3/00—Hinges with pins
    • E05D3/06—Hinges with pins with two or more pins
    • E05D3/18—Hinges with pins with two or more pins with sliding pins or guides
    • E05D3/183—Hinges with pins with two or more pins with sliding pins or guides with at least one of the hinge parts having a cup-shaped fixing part, e.g. for attachment to cabinets or furniture
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/20—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for furniture, e.g. cabinets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hinge according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • a hinge for the wing of doors or the like consisting of a hinge part which can be fastened to the wing and with a frame and which is connected by two scissor-like links connected to one another by means of a joint hinge pin .
  • One handlebar is articulated at one end on the frame-side hinge part and with the other end is slidably mounted on the wing-side hinge part.
  • the other link is articulated with one end on the wing-side hinge part and with the other end is slidably mounted on the frame-side hinge part.
  • the wing-side ends of both links engage with angled lugs in the hinge part embedded in the wing.
  • the frame-side hinge part extends with its longitudinal axis perpendicular to the frame and is arranged in front of the end face of the frame. In the closed position. of the wing engage the wing-side ends of both links in the wing-side hinge part.
  • Such a hinge has a fixed hinge point on the frame, which projects far into the space surrounded by the frame, so that the clear width between the walls is reduced.
  • Another disadvantage is that the fixed joint on the wing side is at a considerable distance from that facing the frame Door surface is arranged and is also located on the outermost edge of the door leaf.
  • Such a hinge is not suitable for door leaves with strongly rounded postforming edges, since the fixed joint on the leaf side would already be located outside the door leaf.
  • Hinges are also known (DE-PS 17 08 254), in which the link-like interconnected links are coupled both on the frame side and on the leaf side via a fixed and a movable joint.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a hinge of the type mentioned, which has a small installation depth and a minimal installation height towards the inside.
  • the hinge Due to the fact that the two fixed joints of the wing-side or frame-side hinge part have a common pivot axis in the closed state, a space-saving construction of the hinge is possible, which has a minimal installation height on the inside of the cabinet area of about 5 mm as well as a small installation depth into the frame of approximately 12 to 14 mm. It can be achieved that the recess of the inside edge of the door to the inside edge of the frame at an opening angle from 90 ° does not exceed the height of the frame part. On the other hand, in the construction according to the invention, it is also possible to To minimize the deflection of the door, which advantageously allows the joint patterns to be as small as possible.
  • the pivot axis common to the fixed joints in the closed state runs in or near the separation joint between the frame and the door leaf.
  • the first fixed joint is arranged on the first hinge part in the vicinity of the inside surface of the wing at a distance from the edge of the wing. This position of the fixed joint on the wing side enables a low installation depth of both the frame-side and the wing-side hinge part.
  • the second fixed hinge is arranged directly on the frame end surface projecting beyond the frame at the deepest point of the second hinge part. This position of the fixed frame-side hinge reduces the height of the frame-side hinge part.
  • the third movable joint can be guided by an auxiliary link which is articulated on the first hinge part via a further fixed joint. Due to the auxiliary handlebar, no handlebars protrude from the inside of the door in the closed state and in the open state from 90 '.
  • the third movable joint can be guided in a backdrop.
  • the setting has the advantage that the installation depth of the first hinge part can be reduced. It is preferably provided that the first and / or second hinge part is fastened in a hinge cup.
  • first and / or second hinge part itself can consist of a hinge cup.
  • the hinge can therefore be used in standardized cup diameters.
  • the hinge cup can have a conically shaped bottom. Hinges of this type with conically shaped pots can be used particularly advantageously in the case of strongly rounded outer edges of the door leaf, in which there is not enough door material available in the edge region for cylindrical pots.
  • the first and / or second hinge part can be fastened with a clip fastening in a hinge cup. In this way, the hinge can be inserted and released again without the use of tools.
  • the first and second links have at least one offset such that the links of a link are arranged in at least two mutually parallel planes that are orthogonal to the pivot axes of the links.
  • the offset of the handlebars allows joints to be arranged side by side without collision.
  • the path for the second movable joint runs in the form of a segment of a circle in a first path segment and is straight in a second path segment.
  • the track controls the track curve of the first fixed joint, the relative position of all the links and the first hinge part not changing in the first segment of the track, and thereby pivoting of the first hinge part about a pivot axis which occurs with the pivot axis of the second fixed part Joints is identical.
  • the center of curvature of the circular segment-shaped trajectory lies in the pivot axis of the second fixed joint.
  • the radius of curvature corresponds to the distance between the first movable joint and the second fixed joint on the second link.
  • the first path section forms a stop for the largest possible opening angle.
  • the second, essentially rectilinear path section controls the path curve of the first fixed joint in such a way that when the hinge is in the closed state, the pivot axis of the first and the second fixed joint run essentially coaxially.
  • this track section forms a stop for the closed position of the hinge.
  • the rectilinear track section adjoins the circular segment-shaped track section on the side opposite the door leaf and extends essentially aligned with the second fixed joint at an angle to the frame wall. The transition from the circular segment-shaped path section to the straight-line path section takes place at an opening angle of approximately 90 *.
  • the straight-line path section enables another when the door leaf is closed Swiveling the second link around the second fixed joint.
  • the track for the second movable joint is slightly curved in a first track section with the center of curvature lying on the inside on the inside, in a second track section essentially straight and parallel to the frame, in a third, also substantially straight-line section at an angle of approx. 20 "to 40 ', preferably approx. 30 * to the second section of the track partly so that the door can be swung outwards so far that even with an opening angle of 180 "no collision with an equally thick side door can occur.
  • the door leaf After reaching the end position in the third path section, the door leaf can be pivoted further about the third movable joint and the fixed joint on the wing side. It is preferably provided that the third movable joint and the fixed joint on the wing side run coaxially to one another when the bolt reaches the end position in the third path section.
  • 1 is a perspective view of a cabinet part with a door leaf
  • 2 shows a cross section through the hinge
  • FIG. 4 shows a plan view of the hinge part on the frame, installed in a standardized pot, in accordance with the viewing direction identified by IV in FIG. 2,
  • Fig. 7 is an exploded view with the half
  • Fig. 15 shows an embodiment in which the first
  • Hinge part can be inserted in a pot on the door leaf
  • FIG. 21 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the hinge in the 0 "position of the door leaf
  • Fig. 22 shows the embodiment of Fig. 21 in the
  • Fig. 23 shows the embodiment of Figures 21 and 22 with the door leaf in the 180 "pivot position.
  • the cabinet element 1 shown in Fig. 1 has a door leaf 2 which is pivotally attached to a frame 4 of the furniture element 1 with two hinges 3.
  • the hinges have a frame-side hinge part 6 and a wing-side hinge part 8, which are either attached directly to the door leaf 2 or to the frame 4 or are installed in hinge pots 10, 12.
  • the hinge parts 6, 8 shown in FIG. 2 are connected to one another by two links 16, 18 which are coupled to one another like scissors via a first movable joint 14.
  • the first link 16 is coupled to the wing-side hinge part 8 via a first fixed wing-side joint 20 and to the frame-side hinge part 6 via a second movable joint 24 guided in a track 22.
  • the second link 18 is coupled to the wing-side hinge part via a third movable joint 26 and to the frame-side hinge part 6 via a second frame-side fixed joint 28.
  • the third movable joint 26 is coupled to the wing-side hinge part 8 via an auxiliary link 30 with a further fixed joint 32.
  • auxiliary link 30 instead of the auxiliary link 30, a link guide can also be used.
  • the second link 18 has an essentially boomerang-shaped shape, the two legs of different lengths enclosing an angle of approximately 90 ".
  • the second fixed frame-side joint 28 At the end of the short leg there is the second fixed frame-side joint 28, while at the end of the longer leg, the third movable joint 26.
  • the first movable joint 14 is arranged in the knee of this angular link 18, via which the first and second links 16, 18 are connected to each other like scissors.
  • the first link 16 runs essentially in a straight line, the first fixed articulated joint 20 at one end, the second movable joint 24 at its other end and the first movable joint 14 approximately in the middle of the link 16.
  • This first movable joint 14 is immovable relative to both links 16, 18.
  • the second movable joint 24 has a bolt 34 which is guided along the track 22 in a link 36 of the second frame-side hinge part 6 which runs orthogonally to the pivot axes of the joints. Because of the small space requirement of the hinge gear, installation in pots with standardized dimensions is possible. The small space requirement of the hinge gear enables, as can be seen, for example, from FIG. 2, a low construction height of the frame-side hinge part 6 or of the pot 12, which can be 5 mm. In addition, the hinge 3 can be installed in door leaf 2, the side door leaf edges 38 of which are strongly rounded.
  • the frame-side pot 12 is open on the end face of the frame 4 in order to allow the movement of the handlebars 16, 18 through the pot.
  • the wing-side pot 10 also has an opening 42 for the passage of the handlebars 16, 18, which is covered by an end cap 44 in the closed state of the door.
  • the end cap 44 is fastened to the fixed joint 28 on the frame side and is consequently not moved when the door leaf is opened. As shown in FIG. 2, two legs of the cover panel 44 clamp behind the bolt of the joint 28.
  • a locking device consisting of a compression spring 48 and two pressure rollers 46 is also drawn in, which, with the pressure rollers 46 in the closed position, pushes the handlebar 16 outwards, as a result of which the door leaf 2 is held in the closed position.
  • the locking device mounted in the frame-side pot generates a force that is orthogonal to the pivot axes of the joints and orthogonal to the door leaf 2 in the closed position.
  • an extremely low construction height of only approx. 5 mm is sufficient, which, as can be seen for example from FIGS. 2 and 3, can be used for a mounting plate 50.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show an exemplary embodiment of a pot 12 on the frame with mounting plate 50 which is height-adjustable via elongated holes 52.
  • the depth adjustment of the hinge part 6 is possible via further elongated holes 54 provided in the hinge part 6.
  • a bore 56 is used to finally fix the mounting plate 50 after adjusting the height.
  • the links 16, 18 are arranged in pairs and, with the exception of the auxiliary link 30, extend in several planes orthogonal to the pivot axes of the joints. 4, the pot 10 is also the hinge part 8 in FIG. 2.
  • the fixed joint 32 for the auxiliary link 30 consists of a pin 58 mounted in the pot 10.
  • a link pin 60 connects the auxiliary link 30 to two second links 18 in a third movable link 26.
  • the two links 18 are at the third movable link with opposite offset 26 articulated in such a way that they widen in a fork-shaped manner in the direction of the first movable joint 14 and can accommodate the hinge part 6 on the frame between them.
  • first link 16 are also in pairs and mirror-symmetrical to one by the auxiliary link 30 extending imaginary level arranged.
  • the links 16 are cranked twice, starting from the fixed joint 20 narrowing in the direction of the second movable joint 24 and being able to accommodate the two second links 16 between them in their central region.
  • the pressure rollers 46 which are arranged in pairs and act on a correspondingly shaped outer contour of the first link 16 in the closed position, also act in order to effect a tumbler.
  • the mounting plate 50 is shown with a pot 12 with a hinge part 6 detached.
  • the hinge part 6 can consist in two parts of two mirror-symmetrical halves which are provided with crankings 62.
  • Fig. 2 shows a separate pot 10 for the wing-side hinge part 8 in section.
  • the hinge part 8 in a suitable manner, for. B. connected with screws to the pot 10, which also serve to fix the side adjustment.
  • the door opening does not change due to the side setting.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show different angular positions of the hinge 3.
  • FIG. 5 shows the position of the links 16, 18, 30 in a 90 "open position, it being evident that the inner surface 64 of the door leaf is flush with the surface plane of the mounting plate 50.
  • the web 22 has a first Track segment 66 curved in the form of a segment of a circle, to which is connected a straight second track section 68 which runs obliquely to the frame 4 and the door leaf 2 in the closed position.
  • the center of curvature of the approximately 40 "traversing path section 66 lies in the pivot axis of the second fixed frame-side joint 28, while the straight path section 68 following the curved path section 66 is essentially parallel to the connecting line between the second fixed joint 28 and the end point of the straight line section 68.
  • FIG. 7 shows an exploded drawing of the hinge gear elements starting with the bolt 34 of the second movable joint 24, which is guided in the link 36 of the track 22 in the hinge part 6.
  • the auxiliary link 30 Starting from the auxiliary link 30, only the lower half of the hinge gear elements 6, 16, 18 is shown, which are arranged in pairs symmetrically with respect to the auxiliary link 30.
  • the cam-like end face 70 against which the pressure rollers 46 of the locking device press, can be seen on the link 16 in its middle plane.
  • FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 show an embodiment of the hinge 3, in which the hinge part 6 is arranged in a height-adjustable manner within the pot 12 on the frame side. Since often only the center position is required, a plastic insert 72 can be inserted between the hinge part 6 and the pot 12, which engages in a groove 74 of the hinge part 6 parallel to the frame in such a way that the hinge part 6 can be displaced upwards or downwards from the center position is. On that in the A locking element 76 is molded onto the groove-engaging plastic part 72 and engages in a corresponding recess 78 in the hinge part 6. The locking element 76 is connected to the plastic part 72 via a narrow, shearable web 80. An upper and a lower plastic part 72 hold the hinge part 6 in its central position in the frame-side pot 12. For example, as can be seen from FIG 76 and the plastic part 72 sheared off. The connecting web 80 of the lower plastic part 72 can remain.
  • a locking element which can be moved transversely to the plastic part 72 perpendicular to the frame wall and is form-fitting with the hinge part 6 is used in order to lock the hinge part 6 in the central position. If the locking element 76 is pulled out, depending on which side the locking element has been removed, it can be moved up or down.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 show different mounting plates 50 for the pots on the wing and frame sides.
  • FIGS. 13 and 14 show different forms of application of the hinge, an intermediate ring 82 increasing the structure being inserted according to FIG. 13 so that the edge of the door leaf 38 is centered or at a distance corresponding to the height of the intermediate ring 82 from the outside of the frame 4 Partition 84 completes.
  • the hinge part 6 can also be correspondingly formed in one piece.
  • FIG. 14 shows a twin hinge, with a relatively narrow joint 86 remaining between the door leaf edges 38.
  • FIG. 15 shows how the wing-side hinge part 8 is inserted into the wing-side pot 10.
  • the hinge cup 10 is in turn inserted into a standardized pre-drilled hole and screwed with a total of four wood screws 88 which run obliquely outwards.
  • the wing-side hinge part 8 can then be inserted into a recess 90 in the hinge cup 10 and can be fastened, for example, with two screws in the fastening holes 92 (see FIG. 18).
  • fastening with a single screw as can be seen in FIG. 19, is also possible.
  • FIGS. 16, 17 and 20 show on the frame side how two spring-actuated cams 94 form a locking device.
  • the cams 94 provided with conical surfaces engage behind the rivet heads of the bolt 34 of the second movable joint 24 and hold the door leaf in the closed position under tension.
  • FIGS. 21 to 23 show a further exemplary embodiment, which allows an opening width of up to 180 ".
  • the drawings show the design of the links 16, 18 and 30 and the track 22, which enable such a wide pivoting.
  • FIG. 21 shows the hinge with the door leaf 2 closed, while FIG. 22 shows a door leaf position of 90 "and FIG. 23 shows a door leaf position of 180" with the respective positions of the hinge elements.
  • the hinge parts 6, 8 in this embodiment can be fastened with a clip fastening in the wing-side pot 10 or in the frame-side pot 12.
  • the usual clip fasteners provide for hooking in or under hooking in a first section of a hinge part 6, 8 and snapping in a second section of the hinge part 6, 8 that is spaced from the first section.
  • the hinge part 6,8 When the hinge part 6,8 is pressed on, it snaps into the pot 10, 12 serving as a mounting plate, which holds the hinge securely.
  • Such a clip attachment enables the hinge to be inserted and released again without tools.
  • the basic gearbox hinge structure of the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 21-23 is the same as in the first exemplary embodiment, with the difference that the link guide of the web 22 is changed.
  • the web now has three different web sections, namely seen in the direction of movement of the bolt 34 from the closed state to the open state, firstly a short, slightly curved web section 65 which leads the bolt 34 deeper into the frame and opens into a straight line section 67 running parallel to the frame 4, which ends at the level of the front frame edge of the frame 4 and there in a substantially likewise straight line section 69 projecting outward at an angle of approx. 30 "
  • This link guide makes it possible to pivot the door leaf 2 further outwards, so that even with a pivoting angle of 180 ", no collision with an equally thick side door can occur.
  • the door wing can be pivoted further about the joints 20, 26 coaxial in their pivot axis due to the design of the links 16 and 18 with corresponding almost rectangular recesses until an opening angle kel of 180 "is reached.
  • the double-arranged links 18 are connected to one another with a reinforcing part 19 running transversely to the link plane.
  • FIGS. 21 to 23 show an exemplary embodiment of a spring-operated tumbler 98 fastened to the door leaf 2 and which can engage behind the movable joint 26 in the closed position of the door leaf 2.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Hinges (AREA)

Abstract

Dans le cas d'une charnière pour battants de porte ou similaires, constituée de deux éléments de charnière (6, 8) dont l'un est fixé au battant (2) et l'autre au châssis (4) et qui sont reliés par deux guides (16, 18) couplés entre eux en ciseaux par l'intermédiaire d'une première articulation mobile (14), le premier guide (16) étant couplé avec un premier élément de charnière (6) par l'intermédiaire d'une première articulation fixe, et avec le second élément de charnière par l'intermédiaire d'une deuxième articulation mobile (24) guidée dans une glissière (22), le second guide (18) étant par contre couplé avec le premier élément de charnière (8) par l'intermédiaire d'une troisième articulation mobile (26), et avec le second élément de charnière (6) par l'intermédiaire d'une seconde articulation fixe (28), il est prévu qu'en état de fermeture du battant (2), l'axe de pivotement de la première charnière fixe (20) passe pour l'essentiel coaxialement à l'axe de pivotement de la seconde articulation fixe (28).
EP90909648A 1989-06-21 1990-06-16 Charniere Expired - Lifetime EP0478639B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90909648T ATE100519T1 (de) 1989-06-21 1990-06-16 Scharnier.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3920195A DE3920195A1 (de) 1989-06-21 1989-06-21 Scharnier
DE3920195 1989-06-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0478639A1 true EP0478639A1 (fr) 1992-04-08
EP0478639B1 EP0478639B1 (fr) 1994-01-19

Family

ID=6383170

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90909648A Expired - Lifetime EP0478639B1 (fr) 1989-06-21 1990-06-16 Charniere

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0478639B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH05500396A (fr)
AU (1) AU5859890A (fr)
DD (1) DD295407A5 (fr)
DE (2) DE3920195A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1990015911A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4227254C1 (de) * 1992-08-18 1993-10-28 Bulthaup Gmbh & Co Flügeltürscharnier
DE4318607C2 (de) * 1993-06-04 1995-07-13 Grass Ag Weitwinkelscharnier mit einem Öffnungswinkel von ca. 180 DEG
FR2727460A1 (fr) * 1994-11-24 1996-05-31 Peugeot Dispositif d'articulation et vehicule automobile equipe de ce dispositif entre une porte et la caisse du vehicule
BE1020724A5 (nl) * 2012-09-04 2014-04-01 Argent Alu Nv Onzichtbaar scharnier.
CN106320869B (zh) * 2016-11-01 2017-09-29 刘文勋 一种补偿式隐形开合机构
CN108193970A (zh) * 2017-12-31 2018-06-22 重庆市合川区刘彬家具厂 一种家具柜门磁性铰链结构
CN108179941A (zh) * 2017-12-31 2018-06-19 重庆市合川区刘彬家具厂 家具柜门磁性铰链结构
CN109779434A (zh) * 2019-03-23 2019-05-21 广东星徽精密制造股份有限公司 一种具有启闭助力的上翻门铰链
CN109779427B (zh) * 2019-03-23 2024-05-10 广东星徽精密制造股份有限公司 一种翻门铰链的传动装置
WO2021141599A1 (fr) * 2020-01-10 2021-07-15 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Charnière de porte

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2031526A (en) * 1933-08-17 1936-02-18 Demuth George Link type hinge
DE1759939C3 (de) * 1968-06-22 1979-02-01 Praemeta Praezisionsmetall- U. Kunststofferzeugnisse G. Baumann & Co, 5000 Koeln Verdeckt anbringbares Scharnier für Flügel von Türen o.dgl., insbesondere für Möbel
DE1654619B1 (de) * 1967-03-11 1970-07-09 Lautenschlaeger Kg Karl Moebelscharnier
DE2756319C2 (de) * 1977-12-17 1984-08-02 Karl Lautenschläger KG, Möbelbeschlagfabrik, 6107 Reinheim Kreuzgelenk-Schnäpperscharnier
US4736491A (en) * 1986-08-01 1988-04-12 Mertes Paul M Flush mounted, fully concealed cabinet hinges

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9015911A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH05500396A (ja) 1993-01-28
DD295407A5 (de) 1991-10-31
EP0478639B1 (fr) 1994-01-19
DE59004359D1 (de) 1994-03-03
DE3920195A1 (de) 1991-01-10
WO1990015911A1 (fr) 1990-12-27
AU5859890A (en) 1991-01-08

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