EP0472991A1 - Fluides électrovisceuses à base de dispersions de polymères avec une phase dispersée contenant des électrolytes - Google Patents

Fluides électrovisceuses à base de dispersions de polymères avec une phase dispersée contenant des électrolytes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0472991A1
EP0472991A1 EP91113465A EP91113465A EP0472991A1 EP 0472991 A1 EP0472991 A1 EP 0472991A1 EP 91113465 A EP91113465 A EP 91113465A EP 91113465 A EP91113465 A EP 91113465A EP 0472991 A1 EP0472991 A1 EP 0472991A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
electroviscous
optionally
evf
component
viscosity
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EP91113465A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0472991B1 (fr
Inventor
Robert Dr. Bloodworth
Günther Dr. Penners
Günter Dr. Oppermann
Roland Dr. Flindt
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Momentive Performance Materials GmbH
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Bayer AG
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Priority to AT91113465T priority Critical patent/ATE99356T1/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/001—Electrorheological fluids; smart fluids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electroviscous liquid, the viscosity of which is increased when a voltage is applied.
  • Electroviscous liquids are dispersions of finely divided solids in hydrophobic and electrically non-conductive oils, the viscosity of which changes very quickly and reversibly from the liquid to the plastic or solid state under the influence of a sufficiently strong electric field.
  • the viscosity reacts to both DC electrical fields and AC fields, whereby the current flow through the EVF should be very low.
  • EVF can be used wherever the transmission of large forces with the help of low electrical power is required, e.g. in couplings, hydraulic valves, shock absorbers, vibrators or devices for positioning and fixing workpieces.
  • the abrasiveness and settling stability of the disperse phase play an important role in practical use.
  • the disperse phase should not sediment as far as possible, but in any case it should be easy to redisperse and should not cause any abrasion even under extreme mechanical stress.
  • the increase in viscosity in an EVF when an electric field is applied can be explained qualitatively as follows:
  • the colloidally chemically stable disperse particles polarize in the electric field and agglomerate through dipole interaction in the field direction, which leads to an increase in viscosity.
  • the agglomeration is reversible: if the electric field is switched off, the particles redisperse and the viscosity is reduced to the original value.
  • the polarizability of the disperse phase is therefore an important prerequisite for the development of the electroviscous effect. For this reason, ionically or electronically conductive materials are often used as the disperse phase.
  • the disperse phase consists of organic solids, such as Saccharides (DE 2 530 694), starch (EP 2 842 268 A2, US 3 970 573), polymers (EP 150994, A1, DE 3 310 959 A1, GB 1 570 234, US 4 129 513, ion exchange resins (JP 92 278 / 975, JP 31 221/1985, US 3 047 507), or silicone resins (DE 3 912 888 A1), but inorganic materials such as Li hydrazine sulfate (US 4 772 407 A), zeolites (EP 265 252 A2), silica gel (DE 3 517 281 A1, DE 3 427 499 A1) and aluminum silicates (DE 3 536 934 A1).
  • Saccharides DE 2 530 694
  • starch EP 2 842 268 A2, US 3 970 573
  • polymers EP 150994, A1, DE 3 310 959 A1, GB 1 570 234, US 4 129
  • the electroviscous effect of the substances mentioned is due to the loading of the solids with water. Small amounts of water increase the ionic conductivity, and thus the polarizability of the disperse particles, which is essential for the formation of the effect. However, hydrated systems have poor chemical stability. In addition, the temperature range in which these liquids can be used is limited.
  • the EVF described are , due to the hardness of the dispersed particles, being abrasive and therefore only of limited use for practical applications in which high shear stresses occur, including soot-filled bead polymers (JP 016 093) or conductive polymers, such as polypyrene or polyacetylene (JP 0126 0710) Replacement for the hydrated phase discussed.
  • soot-filled bead polymers JP 016 093
  • conductive polymers such as polypyrene or polyacetylene (JP 0126 0710) Replacement for the hydrated phase discussed.
  • the optimal properties of the disperse phase can be easily adjusted by varying the water content or by modifying the solid matrix.
  • patent specification DE 2 802 494 C2 describes an improvement in the electroviscous effect by introducing free or neutralized acid groups into a water-containing polymer phase.
  • the high conductivity of the feedstocks often requires post-treatment of the dispersion particles.
  • the passivation of carbon black-filled bead polymers by the subsequent coating of the polymer particles with polyvinylidene fluoride was described in the patent specification JP 016 093.
  • the manufacturing effort is greatly increased by such post-treatments.
  • EVF corresponding to the prior art are generally obtained by dispersing a solid in a dispersion medium, such as e.g. halogen-free or halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatics or silicone oil.
  • a dispersion medium such as e.g. halogen-free or halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatics or silicone oil.
  • the viscosity of the resulting suspension depends on the shape and size, or the size distribution of the dispersed particles, and on the solids concentration and the dispersing action of any dispersing agents used. High volume-related solids contents with low viscosity are difficult to achieve when using non-spherical particles.
  • the object of the invention was to provide an anhydrous, non-abrasive, sedimentation-stable EVF with good to provide electroviscous properties which, despite a high volume fraction of disperse phase, are distinguished by a low basic viscosity.
  • electroviscous liquids can be produced on the basis of anhydrous polymers which contain the dissolved electrolyte.
  • the electroviscous properties of these liquids can be adjusted over a wide range by the type and concentration of the electrolyte.
  • the electroviscous dispersions according to the invention are anhydrous and have a high dielectric strength.
  • the EVFs described are settling-stable and not abrasive and have low basic viscosities despite high volume fractions of the disperse phase.
  • the dispersion polymerization of electrolyte-containing monomers is particularly suitable as a process for producing the EVF according to the invention.
  • the polymerization should preferably be carried out in the dispersion medium which also represents the continuous phase of the EVF, since this eliminates the need for subsequent redispersion.
  • the EVF according to the invention essentially contains the following substances (I) in the disperse phase: a polymer or polymer mixture, (11): a dissolved electrolyte and optionally (III): an additive which is miscible with the solution of (I) and (11).
  • the mixture of substances and their starting products are also referred to as templates.
  • the template that is dispersed into the non-conductive liquid during the EVF manufacturing process should preferably be in liquid form. If necessary, the template can be chemically modified by adding suitable reagents (IV) before, during or after the dispersing step. This modification influences the consistency of the disperse phase in the finished EVF through the partial or complete implementation of the functional groups in the template.
  • a suitable dispersant (V) is used for the dispersion.
  • the size of the dispersed particles in the EVF according to the invention is between 0.1 and 200 ⁇ m.
  • the viscosity of the EVF is between 3 and 5000 cp at room temperature, depending on the composition of the liquid and the basic viscosity of the dispersion medium.
  • the EVF according to the invention essentially contains the following substances (I) in the disperse phase: a polymer (11): a dissolved electrolyte and optionally (III): an additive which is miscible with the solution of (I) and (11).
  • linear or cross-linked polyethers or their copolymers polyethylene adipate, polyethylene succinate and polyphosphazene.
  • polyethers or polymers which can be prepared by crosslinking di- or trifunctional polyether oligomers are particularly preferred.
  • linear polyether oligomers are polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, statistical ethylene glycol-propylene glycol copolymers or else ethylene glycol-propylene glycol block copolymers, such as those e.g. are sold by GAF under the trade name "Pluronic".
  • Branched polyether oligomers are, for example, tris (polypropylene oxide) w-ol) glycidyl ether or other substances which are obtained by ethoxylation or propoxylation of higher-functionality hydroxy compounds, e.g. Pentaerythritol or 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane can be obtained.
  • the molecular weight of the glycols is between 62 and 1,000,000, but preferably between 100 and 10,000.
  • the oligomers may optionally contain functional end groups. Amines, allyl or vinyl groups, or also carboxyl groups are examples of such functional end groups.
  • Polyethylene or polypropylene mono- or diamines can be purchased under the trade name "Jeffamin" from TEXACO. Examples of vinyl group-containing products are the esters of glycols with corresponding acids, e.g. Acrylic acid.
  • Other preferred polymers are e.g. the polyesters among others by the company BAYER AG under the trade name "De
  • electrolytes (11) are substances which are soluble in the polymer (I) in molecular or ionic form.
  • electrolytes are, for example, free acids or their salts with alkali or alkaline earth metals or organic cations.
  • the electrolytes thus include salts such as KCI, LiN0 3 , CH 3 COONa, LiClO 4 , Mg (ClO 4 ) 2 , KSCN, LiBr, Lil, LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , NaB (C 6 H 5 ) 4 , LiCF 3 S0 3 , N (C 2 H 4 ) 4 CI etc.
  • Additives (III) in the sense of the invention are those compounds which, when mixed with (I) and (11), give a homogeneous, solid or liquid solution.
  • capped low molecular weight polyethers e.g. bismethylated trimethylolpropane or the esters of phthalic acid, suitable as an additive.
  • an additive (IV) for example crosslinking agent
  • a crosslinking agent for example crosslinking agent
  • viscous or solid particles, their spherical geomes, form trie is maintained during and after the reaction.
  • di- or multifunctional isocyanates are preferably used as crosslinking agents (IV).
  • Isocyanates of different structures are sold under the trade name "Desmodur” by the company BAYER AG.
  • the use of tolylene diisocyanate as crosslinking agent is particularly suitable.
  • the acetate, amine, benzamide, oxime and alkoxy crosslinkers customary in silicone chemistry can also be used for crosslinking. Radical crosslinking systems are suitable for the conversion of allyl or vinyl (acrylic or methacrylic) group-modified polymer templates.
  • the EVF according to the invention contains the disperse phase (the product from the initial charge and (IV)) in an amount of 10-95% by weight, but preferably 40-70% by weight.
  • Dispersants (V) for the disperse phase which can be used are surfactants which are soluble in the dispersion medium and are derived, for example, from amines, imidazolines, oxazolines, alcohols, glycol or sorbitol. Polymers soluble in the dispersion medium can also be used. Suitable are, for example, polymers which contain 0.1 to 10% by weight of N and / or OH and 25 to 83% by weight of C 4 -C 24 -alkyl groups and have a molecular weight in the range from 5000 to 1,000,000.
  • the N and OH-containing compounds in these polymers can be, for example, amine, amide, imide, nitrile, 5- to 6-membered N-containing heterocyclic rings or an alcohol, and the C 4 -C 24 - Alkyl group esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid.
  • Examples of the N- and OH-containing compounds mentioned are N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, tert-butyl acrylamide, maleimide, acrylonitrile, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl pyridine and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate.
  • the abovementioned polymeric dispersants generally have the advantage over the low molecular weight surfactants that the dispersions prepared with them are more stable with regard to the settling behavior.
  • polysiloxane-polyether copolymers are preferably used, as are available, for example, under the trade name "Tegopren” from GOLDSCHMIDT AG in Essen (FRG).
  • An example of a particularly preferred dispensing agent for the production of an EVF are polysiloxane polyethers with an ethylene oxide-propylene oxide weight ratio of 49:51, which are sold by GOLDSCHMIDT under the name "Tegopren 5830".
  • the reaction products of hydroxy-functional polysiloxanes with a wide variety of silanes are dispersants for the preparation of the EVF according to the invention.
  • Particularly preferred dispersants from this class of substances are the reaction products of a hydroxyl-functional polysiloxane with aminosilanes.
  • liquid hydrocarbons such as e.g. Paraffins, olefins and aromatic hydrocarbons
  • silicone oils such as polydimethylsiloxanes and liquid methylphenylsiloxanes are used. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more types.
  • the solidification point of the dispersion media is preferably set below -30 C, the boiling point above 150 ° C.
  • the viscosity of the oils is between 3 and 300 mm 2 / s at room temperature.
  • the low-viscosity oils with a viscosity of 3 to 20 mm 2 / s are preferred because they achieve a lower basic viscosity of the EVF.
  • the oil should also have a density that approximately corresponds to the density of the disperse phase.
  • fluorine-containing siloxanes which are used as pure substance or as a mixture with other silicone oils, to produce EVFs according to the invention which, despite their low basic viscosity, have no sedimentation for weeks.
  • the initial charge is mixed with the reactive additive or the crosslinking agent (IV).
  • the mixture is dispersed in a liquid phase containing the dispersant.
  • shear homogenizers, high-pressure homogenizers or ultrasound can be used for this purpose.
  • the dispersion should be carried out so that the particle size does not exceed 200 ⁇ m. If necessary, after the dispersion has been carried out, the product is allowed to react for a long time at a suitable temperature, which is typically in a range of 15-150 ° C., depending on the reactivity of the crosslinking agent.
  • the crosslinking agent is only mixed into the dispersion after the dispersion process.
  • the disperse phase can be separated from the original dispersant after the reaction and transferred to a new dispersion medium.
  • the template is sprayed with or without surfactant or additive (IV) into a fine powder, and the resulting powder is subsequently dispersed into the liquid phase.
  • the electrode area of the inner rotating cylinder with a diameter of 0.50 mm is approximately 78 cm 2 , the gap between the electrodes is 0.50 mm.
  • the shear load can be set to a maximum of 2640 s -1 .
  • the measuring range of the shear stress of the viscometer is a maximum of 750 Pa. With this device, both static and dynamic measurements are possible.
  • the EVF can be excited with both DC voltage and AC voltage.
  • the EVF is preferably tested with AC voltage and with dynamic shear stress. This gives well-reproducible flow curves.
  • a constant shear rate O ⁇ D ⁇ 2640s -1 is set and the dependence of the shear stress 7 on the electric field strength E is measured.
  • alternating fields up to a maximum effective field strength of 2370 kV / m at a maximum effective Current of 4 mA and a frequency between 50 and 550 Hz can be generated.
  • measurement is preferably carried out at 50 Hz, because then the total current is the lowest and the electrical power required is the lowest.
  • Flow curves corresponding to Fig. 1 are obtained. It can be seen that the shear stress 7 initially increases parabolically with small field strengths and linearly with larger field strengths.
  • the relative increase in viscosity determines the switching behavior of an EVF in practice and is therefore, in addition to the absolute effect S, an important parameter.
  • comparative approaches 1 to 5 correspond to the prior art.
  • the EVF described in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 contain, as the disperse phase, water-containing polymers with free or neutralized acid groups with covalently bonded to them. They are based on Examples 1, 2 and 7 of patent specification DE 2 820 494 C2.
  • the liquids described in these examples, which are representative of the patent, show good electroviscous effects, but have a high plastic viscosity, which means that the relative effect is significantly smaller.
  • the EVF described in Comparative Examples 4 and 5 contain anhydrous, differently coated aluminum particles as the disperse phase. They are taken from Japanese Laid-Open Specification 64-6093 (Examples 1 and 4 there). The EVF described have poor sedimentation properties due to the density and size of the disperse particles (> 20 ⁇ m).
  • Examples 1 to 10 are EVFs according to the invention.
  • the mean particle diameter is approximately 2 ⁇ m.
  • the maximum particle diameter is 6 ⁇ m.
  • the samples were measured at a temperature of 60 ° C.
  • Table 1 lists the electroviscous properties of the EVF according to the invention and their viscosity. Particularly noteworthy is the low basic viscosity of the liquids and the resulting high relative electroviscous effect.
  • Fig. 3 shows the course of the electroviscous effect S, and the viscosity of an EVF, produced according to Example 9, at a shear rate of 1000 s -1 depending on the weight concentration of the disperse phase. It can be seen that the liquid according to the invention is characterized by low viscosities despite high solids concentrations.
  • Example 2 of DE 2 830 494 C2 30 vol% dispersion of a methacrylic acid crosslinked with divinylbenzene in a polychlorinated diphenyl fraction.
  • the electroviscous effect at 30 ° C. was 690 Pa ⁇ mm / kV.
  • Example 7 of DE 2 820 494 C2 30% by volume dispersion of lithium / chromium polymethacrylate in a polychlorinated diphenyl fraction.
  • the electroviscous effect at 30 C was 1960 Pa ⁇ mm / kV.
  • Example 1 of Japanese Patent Application 64-6093 20% by volume dispersion of an aluminum oxide coated aluminum powder in TRIMEX T-08.
  • the electroviscous effect at an alternating voltage of 60 Hz was 327 Pa ⁇ mm / kV.
  • Example 4 of Japanese Laid-Open Publication 64-6093 20 vol.% Dispersion of an aluminum oxide coated aluminum powder in TRIMEX T-08.
  • the electroviscous effect at an alternating voltage of 60 Hz was 371 Pa ⁇ mm / kV.
  • 0.6 g of the dispersant is dissolved in 20 g of the dispersion medium in a beaker with a nominal volume of 100 ml.
  • 17.5 g of the glycol are mixed with 6.79 g of the crosslinker.
  • this amount of crosslinker leads to the stoichiometric conversion of the hydroxyl groups in the glycol and thus corresponds to an OH conversion of 100 mol%.
  • the reactive mixture of glycol and crosslinker is emulsified into the dispersant solution immediately after homogenization using a rotor-stator shear homogenizer (Ultra-Turrax T25 from IKA Labortechnik). The emulsification time at a rotational speed of the rotor of 10,000 rpm is 2 min. The samples were subsequently reacted at 90 C for 15 hours.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
EP91113465A 1990-08-25 1991-08-12 Fluides électrovisceuses à base de dispersions de polymères avec une phase dispersée contenant des électrolytes Expired - Lifetime EP0472991B1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT91113465T ATE99356T1 (de) 1990-08-25 1991-08-12 Elektroviskose fluessigkeiten auf der basis von polymerdispersionen mit elektrolythaltiger disperser phase.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4026881A DE4026881A1 (de) 1990-08-25 1990-08-25 Elektroviskose fluessigkeiten auf der basis von polymerdispersionen mit elektrolythaltiger disperser phase
DE4026881 1990-08-25

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EP0472991A1 true EP0472991A1 (fr) 1992-03-04
EP0472991B1 EP0472991B1 (fr) 1993-12-29

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US (1) US5268118A (fr)
EP (1) EP0472991B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2660123B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE99356T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9103640A (fr)
CA (1) CA2049719A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4026881A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2061137T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2109776C1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992022623A1 (fr) * 1991-06-14 1992-12-23 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Fluide electrovisqueux a base d'acrylates de polyether utilises comme phase dispersee
EP0529166A1 (fr) * 1991-08-29 1993-03-03 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Fluides électrorhéologiques
WO1993006199A1 (fr) * 1991-09-19 1993-04-01 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Liquide electrovisqueux
US5496483A (en) * 1989-12-14 1996-03-05 Bayer Ag Electroviscous liquid based on dispersed modified polyethers
US9902919B2 (en) 2012-03-09 2018-02-27 Hitachi Automotive Systems Europe Gmbh Electrorheological compositions

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JP3352760B2 (ja) * 1993-06-16 2002-12-03 日本メクトロン株式会社 電気粘性流体の製造方法
JP3352759B2 (ja) * 1993-06-16 2002-12-03 日本メクトロン株式会社 電気粘性流体の製造方法
US6065572A (en) * 1995-11-13 2000-05-23 The Lubrizol Corporation Polymeric materials to self-regulate the level of polar activators in electrorheological fluids
US5843331A (en) * 1995-11-13 1998-12-01 The Lubrizol Corporation Polymeric materials to self-regulate the level of polar activators in electrorheological fluids
DE19632430C1 (de) * 1996-08-12 1998-02-12 Bayer Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von nicht-wäßrigen Dispersionen und deren Verwendung
DE19717693A1 (de) 1997-04-26 1998-10-29 Schenck Ag Carl Stell- und Dämpfervorrichtung
DE19735898A1 (de) 1997-08-19 1999-02-25 Schenck Ag Carl Ventil und Stoßdämpfer auf Basis elektrorheologischer Flüssigkeiten
DE19735897A1 (de) * 1997-08-19 1999-02-25 Bayer Ag Kupplung
DE10320974B4 (de) * 2003-05-09 2005-12-01 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Verminderung einer Unwucht und Verwendung einer elektro-rheologischen Flüssigkeit zur Verminderung einer Unwucht
DE10320973B4 (de) * 2003-05-09 2006-04-27 Siemens Ag Bildgebendes Tomographie-Gerät und Verfahren zur Verminderung einer Unwucht an einem Tomographie-Gerät
DE102006031738A1 (de) * 2006-07-10 2008-01-17 Kastriot Merlaku Brems-System für Fahrzeuge oder Maschinen aller Art
DE102011018177A1 (de) 2011-04-19 2012-10-25 Raino Petricevic Paste und deren Verwendung
US9954251B2 (en) 2015-02-17 2018-04-24 Wildcat Discovery Technologies, Inc Electrolyte formulations for electrochemical cells containing a silicon electrode
WO2016204979A1 (fr) * 2015-06-18 2016-12-22 Dow Global Technologies Llc Procédé pour la préparation de fluides électrorhéologiques
US10199687B2 (en) 2016-08-30 2019-02-05 Wildcat Discovery Technologies, Inc Electrolyte formulations for electrochemical cells containing a silicon electrode
JP6914337B2 (ja) * 2017-08-14 2021-08-04 日立Astemo株式会社 電気レオロジー効果を示す非水系懸濁液およびそれを用いるダンパー
JP2021020970A (ja) * 2019-07-24 2021-02-18 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 電気粘性流体組成物およびシリンダ装置
JP2021191811A (ja) * 2020-06-05 2021-12-16 日立Astemo株式会社 電気粘性流体およびシリンダ装置

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US3970573A (en) * 1975-08-25 1976-07-20 Westhaver James W Electroviscous fluids
EP0219751A2 (fr) * 1985-10-17 1987-04-29 Bayer Ag Fluides électrovisqueux
EP0284268A2 (fr) * 1987-03-24 1988-09-28 Er Fluid Developments Limited Fluides électro-rhéologiques/fluides sensibles à un champ électrique
EP0342041A1 (fr) * 1988-05-12 1989-11-15 Toa Nenryo Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fluides électrorhéologiques
EP0432601A1 (fr) * 1989-12-14 1991-06-19 Bayer Ag Fluides électrovisqueux à base de polyéthers dispersés

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JPH01266191A (ja) * 1988-04-19 1989-10-24 Bridgestone Corp 電気粘性液体
JPH02206692A (ja) * 1989-02-03 1990-08-16 Nok Corp Ｅｒ流体用粒子
JPH0335095A (ja) * 1989-06-30 1991-02-15 Nippon Mektron Ltd 電気粘性流体
JPH0457892A (ja) * 1990-06-27 1992-02-25 Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc 電気粘性流体

Patent Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3970573A (en) * 1975-08-25 1976-07-20 Westhaver James W Electroviscous fluids
EP0219751A2 (fr) * 1985-10-17 1987-04-29 Bayer Ag Fluides électrovisqueux
EP0284268A2 (fr) * 1987-03-24 1988-09-28 Er Fluid Developments Limited Fluides électro-rhéologiques/fluides sensibles à un champ électrique
EP0342041A1 (fr) * 1988-05-12 1989-11-15 Toa Nenryo Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fluides électrorhéologiques
EP0432601A1 (fr) * 1989-12-14 1991-06-19 Bayer Ag Fluides électrovisqueux à base de polyéthers dispersés

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5496483A (en) * 1989-12-14 1996-03-05 Bayer Ag Electroviscous liquid based on dispersed modified polyethers
WO1992022623A1 (fr) * 1991-06-14 1992-12-23 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Fluide electrovisqueux a base d'acrylates de polyether utilises comme phase dispersee
EP0529166A1 (fr) * 1991-08-29 1993-03-03 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Fluides électrorhéologiques
WO1993006199A1 (fr) * 1991-09-19 1993-04-01 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Liquide electrovisqueux
US9902919B2 (en) 2012-03-09 2018-02-27 Hitachi Automotive Systems Europe Gmbh Electrorheological compositions

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Publication number Publication date
CA2049719A1 (fr) 1992-02-26
BR9103640A (pt) 1992-05-19
EP0472991B1 (fr) 1993-12-29
ATE99356T1 (de) 1994-01-15
US5268118A (en) 1993-12-07
JP2660123B2 (ja) 1997-10-08
RU2109776C1 (ru) 1998-04-27
JPH04255795A (ja) 1992-09-10
DE59100777D1 (de) 1994-02-10
DE4026881A1 (de) 1992-02-27
ES2061137T3 (es) 1994-12-01

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