EP0453555B1 - Flacon de stockage contenant un composant d'une solution medicamenteuse - Google Patents

Flacon de stockage contenant un composant d'une solution medicamenteuse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0453555B1
EP0453555B1 EP19910900240 EP91900240A EP0453555B1 EP 0453555 B1 EP0453555 B1 EP 0453555B1 EP 19910900240 EP19910900240 EP 19910900240 EP 91900240 A EP91900240 A EP 91900240A EP 0453555 B1 EP0453555 B1 EP 0453555B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bottle
capsule
neck
bottle according
transfer device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19910900240
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0453555A1 (fr
Inventor
Gabriel Meyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Becton Dickinson France SA
Original Assignee
Medicorp Holding SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Medicorp Holding SA filed Critical Medicorp Holding SA
Publication of EP0453555A1 publication Critical patent/EP0453555A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0453555B1 publication Critical patent/EP0453555B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J1/00—Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes
    • A61J1/14—Details; Accessories therefor
    • A61J1/20—Arrangements for transferring or mixing fluids, e.g. from vial to syringe
    • A61J1/2089—Containers or vials which are to be joined to each other in order to mix their contents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J1/00—Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes
    • A61J1/05—Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes for collecting, storing or administering blood, plasma or medical fluids ; Infusion or perfusion containers
    • A61J1/10—Bag-type containers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J1/00—Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes
    • A61J1/14—Details; Accessories therefor
    • A61J1/1475—Inlet or outlet ports
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J1/00—Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes
    • A61J1/14—Details; Accessories therefor
    • A61J1/20—Arrangements for transferring or mixing fluids, e.g. from vial to syringe
    • A61J1/2003—Accessories used in combination with means for transfer or mixing of fluids, e.g. for activating fluid flow, separating fluids, filtering fluid or venting
    • A61J1/2006—Piercing means
    • A61J1/201—Piercing means having one piercing end
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J1/00—Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes
    • A61J1/14—Details; Accessories therefor
    • A61J1/20—Arrangements for transferring or mixing fluids, e.g. from vial to syringe
    • A61J1/2003—Accessories used in combination with means for transfer or mixing of fluids, e.g. for activating fluid flow, separating fluids, filtering fluid or venting
    • A61J1/202—Separating means
    • A61J1/2031—Separating means having openings brought into alignment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J1/00—Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes
    • A61J1/14—Details; Accessories therefor
    • A61J1/20—Arrangements for transferring or mixing fluids, e.g. from vial to syringe
    • A61J1/2003—Accessories used in combination with means for transfer or mixing of fluids, e.g. for activating fluid flow, separating fluids, filtering fluid or venting
    • A61J1/202—Separating means
    • A61J1/2041—Separating means having removable plugs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J1/00—Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes
    • A61J1/14—Details; Accessories therefor
    • A61J1/20—Arrangements for transferring or mixing fluids, e.g. from vial to syringe
    • A61J1/2003—Accessories used in combination with means for transfer or mixing of fluids, e.g. for activating fluid flow, separating fluids, filtering fluid or venting
    • A61J1/2068—Venting means
    • A61J1/2072—Venting means for internal venting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J1/00—Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes
    • A61J1/14—Details; Accessories therefor
    • A61J1/20—Arrangements for transferring or mixing fluids, e.g. from vial to syringe
    • A61J1/2096—Combination of a vial and a syringe for transferring or mixing their contents

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a storage vial containing a medicinal substance and provided with a transfer device for transferring this substance directly, or after having mixed it with another substance, in another container, this vial comprising an open narrowed neck and the transfer device comprising a closure member at least partially engaged in this neck, at least during storage, in which the closure member consists of two elements: a first element constituted by a solid plug of elastomer, the diameter is substantially equal to that of the neck of the bottle and which is engaged in this neck to close it sealingly during storage, and a second element consisting of an elastomer O-ring whose outside diameter is substantially equal to that of the neck of the bottle and which is engaged in this neck.
  • Medicinal substances whether directly usable or whether they constitute the components of a mixture, are usually stored in containers which can either be flame-sealed glass ampoules or vials sealed with a stopper. shutter.
  • this liquid must be introduced into the storage bottle to come into contact with the solid or powdery component and for the dissolve.
  • the closure member must be pierced to allow the liquid to flow or pushed entirely inside the bottle so as to release the neck, or else partially pushed back so as to release a lateral opening allowing passage some cash.
  • a first problem posed by known bottles is that caused by the piercing of the closure member to allow the solvent to be transferred inside the bottle.
  • This piercing can tear elastomeric material from the plug usually used as a sealing member, and the torn particles can, in some cases, be injected into the body and cause serious disorders.
  • the present invention overcomes the drawbacks of known prior systems and eliminates all the risks associated with piercing a shutter member.
  • a second problem posed by known bottles is that of the waterproof barrier and the aseptic barrier.
  • the closure member must fulfill several functions and must meet several requirements both during storage and during use.
  • the obturation member During the use phase, it must constitute both a tight barrier and an aseptic barrier preventing in particular any bacterial penetration inside the bottle.
  • the obturation member During the use phase, the obturation member must maintain, in particular in the initial activation phase, an aseptic barrier to protect the contents of the bottle and free access to the interior of this bottle to allow the solvent penetration.
  • the present invention is designed to solve this problem by structuring the shutter member so that it can fulfill all of the functions defined above.
  • a third problem posed by known bottles is due to the fact that during the dissolution of the component by the solvent, large amounts of gas and in particular carbon dioxide can be released, which generates a significant overpressure in the bottle or in the container. of use.
  • this gas can be transferred into this container.
  • this gas must imperatively be evacuated, at least in part.
  • this device does not solve the first problem mentioned above since the activation is done by piercing or tearing off an elastomer membrane.
  • the present invention also makes it possible to solve this problem by providing means for evacuating the pressurized gas inside the storage bottle when the pulverulent solid substance is dissolved by the solvent.
  • the bottle is characterized in that the transfer device is constituted by a trocar with double conduit, the openings of which are axially offset with respect to each other, and in that one of these openings opens freely in said space formed between said first and said second element of the shutter member.
  • said first element is a lyophilization stopper comprising a solid upper part and a lower extension provided with lateral vents, this extension being designed to ensure prepositioning of the stopper on the neck of the bottle during the lyophilization of the substance. contained in this bottle.
  • the bottle comprises a capsule adapted over the neck of said bottle and movable axially between a storage position and an activated position, this capsule having a substantially cylindrical inner part comprising at least one shoulder serving as support to said second element of the shutter member, and the transfer device is integral with the inner part of the capsule.
  • Said interior opening opening into the space formed between said first and second elements can be formed in the wall of the interior part of the capsule and makes said space communicate with a central cavity of this capsule.
  • the transfer device is provided with at least one vent also opening into the space provided between said first element and said second element of the shutter member.
  • Said vent may include a calibrated orifice and be associated with a filter.
  • said filter is of the hydrophobic type.
  • Said vent can also be made in the bottom of the inner part of the capsule and opens into the central cavity of this capsule.
  • the storage bottle 10 is associated with a transfer device 11 which is adapted on the neck 12 of the bottle 10 containing a medicinal substance 13 in the powder state.
  • the neck 12 of the bottle 10 is substantially cylindrical and of reduced section compared to that of the body.
  • the transfer device 11 consists in this case of an elongated element 14 in the form of a trocar consisting of a double needle and of a closure member 15.
  • This closure member comprises a first element constituted by a solid plug made of elastomer 16a which is engaged in the neck and at a diameter slightly greater than the latter, and a second element 16b also engaged in the neck and which is constituted by an O-ring made of elastomer.
  • This device is protected by a cap 17 which covers the entire device and the free lower edge 18 of which bears against a shoulder 19 which provides the connection between the neck and the body of the bottle 10.
  • the elongated element 14 has two conduits axial, respectively 20 and 21, each provided with a first opening 20a, respectively 21a, designed to open inside the bottle, and a second opening 20b, respectively 21b, opening outside the bottle.
  • the elongate element 14 ends with a point 22 at its end external to the bottle. It will be noted that the orifices opening out inside the bottle, that is to say the openings 20a and 21a, are offset axially with respect to each other and that the openings 20b and 21b opening out are also axially offset from each other.
  • a capsule 23 secured to the closure member 15 is engaged over the neck 12 of the bottle and serves as a seat for the cap 17.
  • this capsule is secured to the elongated element 14. Furthermore, it serves as a support for the second element 16b of the shutter member 15.
  • the capsule 23 has an inner part 24, of substantially cylindrical and concave shape, arranged to be able to slide inside the neck 12 of the bottle, and an outer part 25 which passes over the rim 26 of this neck 12, in particular at when the device is brought from the storage position to the active position.
  • the annular part 27, which provides the connection between the internal part 24 and the external part 25, defines a shoulder 28 under which is placed the O-ring 29 which constitutes the second element 16b of the shutter member and which bears against the inner wall of the neck 12 to form an aseptic barrier during storage and a seal and an aseptic barrier during the activation phase.
  • FIG. 2 This phase is represented in particular by FIG. 2.
  • the protective cap 17 has been removed and the elongated element has been inserted inside a container 30 containing a liquid 31 intended to dissolve the powder 13 contained in the bottle 10.
  • the element elongated was used to pierce the closure cap 32 of the container 30.
  • the capsule 23 was pressed onto the neck 12 of the bottle 10, which had the effect of pushing the first element 16a of the organ of obturation 15 inside this bottle and to release the orifices 20a and 21a.
  • the liquid 31, contained in the container 30, flows through the axial duct 20 inside the bottle 10, and the air, initially contained in the bottle 10, or the gases generated by the reaction of the solvent 31 on the powder 13, are discharged through the axial channel 21 in the container 30.
  • the powder is a substance which reacts with the solvent by releasing a large amount of gas
  • the container is made of glass or of a material which withstands high overpressure.
  • the liquid 31 dissolves the powdery substance 13 and constitutes a solution liquid medicament which can then be transferred almost entirely into the container 30, after inversion of the assembly as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the transfer device makes it possible to connect two rigid bottles and that the transfer operation proper can be carried out in a sterile environment with a minimum risk of contamination.
  • the device makes it possible to transfer in two directions, that is to say from one bottle to another or vice versa, of any liquid substance.
  • the activation of the device is done in a simple way by sliding the transfer device associated with one of the bottles. The process can be stopped at any time.
  • Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate two storage bottles which differ essentially in that the first is intended to contain a lyophilisate 40 and the second a powder 41.
  • This difference in destination results in a difference in construction: the first bottle comprises a closure member 15, the first element 16a of which is a lyophilization plug as shown in perspective in FIG. 6, and the second bottle comprises a closure member 15, the first element 16a of which is a simple stopper as shown in perspective in FIG. 7.
  • the transfer device 11 consists of a needle 42 and the shutter member 15. It is, as for the previous embodiment, protected by a cap 17. During storage, this cap 17 is linked to the bottle 10 by a tamper-evident label 43.
  • the closure member 15 consists of said first element 16a defined above and the second element 16b which is again an elastomer O-ring located between the internal surface of the neck 12 of the bottle and the internal part 24 of the capsule 23
  • This inner part has a central cavity 44 and is equipped, in the area between the first element 16a and the second element 16b of the shutter member 15, with large openings 45.
  • the inner part 24 of the capsule 23 is coupled to said first element 16a of the shutter member. This is to prevent this element from falling inside the bottle when the latter is activated.
  • the bottom 46 of the capsule is provided with vents 47 whose role will be explained below.
  • a filter 48 is fixed inside the bottom 46 and constitutes the compulsory passage between the inside of the bottle and the central channel of the needle 42.
  • This needle is integral with a needle-holder tip 49 and is fixed on a cone 50 secured to the bottom 46 of the capsule.
  • the needle 42 is protected by a tubular element 51 which is engaged by its annular base 52 with a bent section, on the end of the capsule 23.
  • the operator After having pricked the needle 42 in a bottle or a pocket containing a liquid solvent (not shown), pushes the capsule back to engage it fully in the neck of the bottle.
  • the first element 16a of the closure member 15 penetrates entirely inside the bottle without however falling into this bottle since it is retained by the end of the inner part 24 of the capsule 23.
  • the liquid crosses the channel central of the needle, the central cavity of the capsule, the openings 45 and enters the vial.
  • the dissolution of the lyophilisate 40 or of the powder 41 can, in certain cases, lead to a strong release of gas, in particular carbon dioxide, which can escape through the large openings 45 and the vents 47 without disturbing the flow of the liquid or cause excessive pressure in the bottle.
  • the element 16a represented by FIG. 6 has a solid upper part 60 and a mouthpiece 61 which has a cross section in the form of a cross providing lateral vents 62 which allow the evacuation of gases when the element 16a is prepositioned on the neck of the bottle during the operation lyophilization.
  • the element 16a illustrated by FIG. 7 corresponds to the solid upper part of the element shown in FIG. 6.
  • the prepositioning tip required for freeze-drying can be removed.
  • Figs. 8 and 9 illustrate two embodiments, sectional views of the closure member of the bottle according to the invention.
  • Fig. 8 shows a shutter member at all points identical to that described above with reference to FIG. 5. However, the shutter member of FIG. 5 is shown in the storage position while that of FIG. 8 is shown in the activated position.
  • the first element 16a of the closure member is connected to the lower end of the interior part 24 of the capsule 23, which prevents this element from falling inside the bottle.
  • the bottom of the central cavity 44 of the capsule is closed by a filter 48.
  • a recess 70 formed at the bottom of this central cavity communicates by a conduit 71 with an annular groove 72 to constitute said vents whose role is has been described above.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 9 differs somewhat in that the vents 47 are designed differently.
  • the central cavity 44 communicates through channels 80 with an annular groove 81 which is separated from an annular groove 82 by an annular filter 83 which has the property of being hydrophobic.
  • the groove 82 communicates with the outside via a channel 84 which has a calibrated diameter. The diameter of this channel is determined in such a way that the overpressure generated for example by the generation of gas at the time of the dissolution of the powder by the solvent, can be evacuated slowly.
  • Channel 84 defines a calibrated leak.
  • Fig. 10 illustrates another use of the bottle according to the invention.
  • the bottle 10, the closure member 15 and the capsule 23 are identical in all respects to those described above.
  • the capsule is adapted to receive a needle 90 intended to pierce a stopper 91 of a flexible bottle 92 containing a liquid solvent.
  • Needle 90 is advantageously made of synthetic material and comprises a central channel 93 and a lateral opening 94 through which the liquid intended to dissolve the powdery medicinal substance or in the state of lyophilisate initially contained in the bottle can flow.
  • the capsule 23 is provided with vents 47 allowing the evacuation of the overpressure gases contained in the bottle.
  • Fig. 11 illustrates another use of the bottle according to the invention.
  • This bottle is identical in all respects to that shown in fig. 5.
  • the needle 42 has been inserted into the closure cap 100 of a flexible infusion bag 101 equipped with an infusor 102.
  • This infusion bag contains the solvent which is intended to be introduced into the bottle 10 to dissolve the powder or lyophilisate it contains before the solution is poured back into the infusion bag.
  • Fig. 12 illustrates a form of use of the bottle in which the capsule 23 is arranged to allow coupling by screwing of an end piece 103 of a bottle 104 containing a liquid solvent.
  • This end fitting contains a shutter 105 which provides an axial conduit 106 for the passage of the liquid in the enlarged zone 107 of the neck 108 of the bottle 104.
  • the first element 16a of the closure member 15 is fixed to the end of the capsule 23 which has at least one opening 45 allowing the passage of the liquid.
  • Fig. 13 illustrates another embodiment in which the capsule 23 is equipped with a tip 110 of the Luer-Lock type.
  • Figs. 14 and 15 illustrate two uses of the bottle according to the invention when the latter is connected to syringes.
  • a pre-filled syringe 120 of a type known per se, is coupled to a bottle, the capsule of which is provided with a tip of the Luer-Lock type as shown in FIG. 13.
  • a traditional syringe 130 is coupled to a connection endpiece 131 provided with a Luer cone, integral with the capsule 23.
  • the bottle illustrated in fig. 16 comprises a capsule, the part of which faces the inside of the bottle 10 is extended by a stud 140 which serves as a pusher for pushing said first element 16a from the closure member 15, when the bottle is brought from the storage position. in the activation position.
  • said first element 16a of the closure member 15 is not linked to the capsule as was the case in most of the previous embodiments.
  • the second element 16b of the shutter member performs a dual function. During storage, this element acts as a protective barrier against bacteria and prevents contamination of the substance stored inside the bottle. During use, this second element constitutes a seal which prevents an undesirable flow of the drug solution between the capsule and the interior wall of the neck of the bottle.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Package Specialized In Special Use (AREA)
EP19910900240 1989-11-13 1990-11-10 Flacon de stockage contenant un composant d'une solution medicamenteuse Expired - Lifetime EP0453555B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH408189 1989-11-13
CH4081/89 1989-11-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0453555A1 EP0453555A1 (fr) 1991-10-30
EP0453555B1 true EP0453555B1 (fr) 1993-10-06

Family

ID=4269470

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19910900240 Expired - Lifetime EP0453555B1 (fr) 1989-11-13 1990-11-10 Flacon de stockage contenant un composant d'une solution medicamenteuse

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5358501A (ja)
EP (1) EP0453555B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPH0659302B2 (ja)
AT (1) ATE95415T1 (ja)
CA (1) CA2045408A1 (ja)
DE (1) DE69003805T2 (ja)
DK (1) DK0453555T3 (ja)
ES (1) ES2046039T3 (ja)
WO (1) WO1991007160A1 (ja)

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CA2045408A1 (fr) 1991-05-14
ES2046039T3 (es) 1994-01-16
JPH0659302B2 (ja) 1994-08-10
JPH04500331A (ja) 1992-01-23
ATE95415T1 (de) 1993-10-15
DK0453555T3 (da) 1994-01-31
DE69003805T2 (de) 1994-05-19
US5358501A (en) 1994-10-25
EP0453555A1 (fr) 1991-10-30
DE69003805D1 (de) 1993-11-11
WO1991007160A1 (fr) 1991-05-30

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