EP0452176B1 - Verfahren und Ofen zur Behandlung von schmelzbaren Abfällen - Google Patents

Verfahren und Ofen zur Behandlung von schmelzbaren Abfällen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0452176B1
EP0452176B1 EP91400766A EP91400766A EP0452176B1 EP 0452176 B1 EP0452176 B1 EP 0452176B1 EP 91400766 A EP91400766 A EP 91400766A EP 91400766 A EP91400766 A EP 91400766A EP 0452176 B1 EP0452176 B1 EP 0452176B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bath
waste
temperature
flux
mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91400766A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0452176A3 (en
EP0452176A2 (de
Inventor
René Marius Dominique Tanari
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Areva NP SAS
Original Assignee
Framatome SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Framatome SA filed Critical Framatome SA
Publication of EP0452176A2 publication Critical patent/EP0452176A2/de
Publication of EP0452176A3 publication Critical patent/EP0452176A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0452176B1 publication Critical patent/EP0452176B1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/30—Processing
    • G21F9/32—Processing by incineration

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods for treating fusible waste, in particular of low nuclear or toxic activity, consisting mainly of contaminated fusible oxides or salts, in particular based on silicic products.
  • these wastes are, in particular, asbestos, diatoms, contaminated laboratory glassware and flasks, glass fibers or wools such as those found in heat insulation in the premises or effluent circuits of laboratories, factories and nuclear power plants , or when replacing ventilation filters for nuclear installations or the chemical industries.
  • GB-A-2157062 describes a process for treating organic waste, such as cotton, paper, sheets of poly (vinyl chloride) and other resins, but not of mineral products.
  • FR-A-2454677 or proposes to grind solid radioactive waste, in fact organic waste, to better attack them with sulfuric acid.
  • the invention relates to a method for treating contaminated fusible waste, which overcomes the drawbacks mentioned above.
  • the process does not require expensive manufacturing and operating equipment, the treated waste is compact and has good mechanical strength.
  • the purification of gaseous discharges is no longer disturbed by aerosols.
  • the waste treatment method according to the invention consists successively in grinding the waste to a particle size of less than 2 mm, in adding a flux to it so as to bring the eutectic melting point of the mixture to a temperature below 1100 ° C, entrain a carrier gas to mix the ground waste and the flux in the lower part of a bath at a temperature below 1100 ° C. so as to enrich the bath with waste, pour the enriched bath into a container and let it solidify.
  • the entrainment pressure of the carrier gas is just greater than the pressure corresponding to the height of the column formed by the molten bath.
  • the bath has a height of at least 30 cm above the level of arrival of the waste, for a bath temperature of 1000 to 1100 ° C. This length is sufficient to allow the waste to dissolve in the bath and the pyrolysis of the few organic substances that the waste may contain.
  • the method consists in introducing a gas above the bath, to entrain toxic aerosols.
  • the bath based on silica, consists essentially of the same chemical elements as those of the waste to be treated and in the same proportions.
  • Fusible or fluxing additives such as B2O3, Na2O, borax are added to this bath to lower the melting point of this bath for modification of the eutectic of the mixture.
  • the same proportion of fusible additives is added to the waste, so that its composition becomes substantially identical to that of the bath.
  • the invention also relates to a waste treatment furnace, characterized in that it comprises a crucible provided with a heating device, a waste supply pipe opening out at the bottom of the crucible, a withdrawal pipe from a bath opening into the crucible at a level higher than that of the mouth of the waste supply conduit, the top of the crucible communicating with an evacuation chamber made of refractory material, at the top of which opens an evacuation conduit, while that a gas supply pipe opens into the evacuation chamber.
  • the installation includes a cryogenic grinding unit, composed of a shredder crusher 1 and a granulator 2, which operates at -120 ° C.
  • the ground waste is sent, via a conduit 3, to a first metering device 4.
  • a second metering device 5 is supplied by a conduit 6 coming from an additive source.
  • the two metering units 4 and 5 open into a duct 7 which is supplied on one side by an air source and which leads to a mixing cyclone 8. From this by a rod 9 which passes through the side wall of an oven and opens near the bottom 10 thereof.
  • the refractory material oven has two separate parts.
  • a crucible 11 made of refractory steel at the bottom, containing a molten silicon bath, is provided with heating means 12 and an upper part, 13, made of refractory material.
  • a casting rod 14 passes through the bottom 10 and opens into the crucible at a height of 400 mm.
  • the upper part 13 of the oven defines, above the bath, an evacuation chamber 15 communicating by an evacuation conduit 16 with an air / air cooler 17 supplied with cooling air by a conduit 18.
  • the chamber 15 has a heating device 19 as well as a ramp 20 for supplying a purging gas intended to entrain the gaseous products in the duct 16.
  • the cooler 17 communicates via a conduit 21 with a very high efficiency filter 22 for eliminating aerosols.
  • the filter 22 communicates through a conduit 23, with a fan 24 and a chimney 25.
  • very high-efficiency ventilation filters are treated and composed of a metal frame in which a filtering medium made of glass fibers bound by an acrylic resin is inscribed. After removing the metal frame, cryogenic grinding is carried out at -120 ° C in the crusher 1 in the granulator 2. The powder obtained, which has a smaller particle size at 1 mm, is sent to the metering device 4 which sends 500 g / minute into the conduit 7. The metering device 5 sends 390 g of flux additives / minute into the conduit 7. The air flow which passes through the conduit 7 is 3 m3 normal / hour of pressurized air.
  • the oven is made of refractory steel.
  • the crucible 11 containing the molten bath has a diameter of 500 mm and a height of 1000 mm (capacity: 296 liters). At the start of the treatment, the height of the bath is 400 mm (78 liters corresponding approximately to 195 kg). This mass constitutes the permanent liquid pellet which remains in the crucible while being at a temperature of 1000 ° C.
  • the rod 14 opens into the crucible at a level 400 mm higher than that of the bottom 10.
  • the waste injection rod 9 is 100 mm above the bottom 10.
  • the evacuation chamber 15 has a diameter of 900 mm and a height of 700 mm and which corresponds to a volume of approximately 450 liters. 100 m3 of air / hour is sent there via the ramp 20, in order to dilute and evacuate the gases resulting from the heat treatment which are essentially CO2 and water vapor.
  • the gas temperature is reduced from 1100 ° C to a value below 100 ° C, by dilution with air.
  • 560 normal m3 of air / hour is sent through line 18. This air is at a temperature of 20 ° C.
  • the temperature at the outlet of the cooler 17 is 60 ° C.
  • the bath contains 60% by weight of SiO2 and 40% by weight of a mixture of B2O3 and Na2O. Its melting point is 900 ⁇ 20 ° C. In operation, its temperature is 1000 ⁇ 50 ° C.
  • the variation in volume of the bath is 14 liters / hour and a partial casting of this bath of 110 liters is carried out every 8 hours.
  • the chemical composition of the cast glass obtained varies over time. After 8 hours of treatment, the analysis of the glass corresponds to 58% by weight of SiO2 and to 42% by weight of Na2O and B2O3.
  • the bath is completely regenerated by adding 3.5 kg of SiO2 every 8 hours.
  • the gaseous effluents consist of CO2 coming from the carbonate added among the fluxes and from the pyrolysis of organic substances, water and air. Its composition is as follows: CO2: 5 m3 normal / hour, H2: 6 m3 normal / hour, air: 50 m3 normal / hour.
  • the process according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the volumes by a coefficient of approximately 45, while having a space-saving packaging, non-leachable and having good mechanical strength.
  • the composition of the bath is 52% by weight of SiO2, 18% by weight of MgO and 30% by weight of B2O3, Na2O. Its melting point is 950 ⁇ 20 ° C. Its operating temperature is 1000 ⁇ 30 ° C.
  • the variation in the volume of the bath for an introduction rate of 20 kg / hour is 10 liters / hour and a casting (80 liters) is carried out every 8 hours.
  • the composition of the cast product does not change over time.
  • the analysis of the poured glass, after 8 hours of treatment, is identical to the chemical composition of the initial bath.
  • the effluents include 5 m3 normal CO2 / hour, 5 m3 H deO and 750 m3 air / hour.
  • An effluent consisting of 99% air which is at a temperature of 20 ° C is discharged into the environment. Contaminants are confined in the pouring glass or trapped on the specific filter.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the initial volume 4 times with an inexpensive installation, while giving space-saving packaging which is not leachable and has good mechanical strength.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Verfahren zur Behandlung von Abfällen auf Basis von Mineralien, die bei einer Temperatur von mehr als 1200 °C schmelzbar sind,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es darin besteht, die Abfälle nach und nach bis zu einer Körnung von weniger als 2 mm zu zerkleinern, ihnen einen Schmelzzuschlag zuzusetzen, so daß der eutektische Schmelzpunkt des Gemischs auf eine Temperatur von weniger als 1100 °C herabgesetzt wird, mittels eines Trägergases das Gemisch der zerkleinerten Abfälle und des Schmelzzuschlags in den unteren Teil eines Bades mit einer Temperatur von weniger als 1100 °C zu befördern, so daß das Bad mit Abfällen angereichert wird, ein Quantum des angereicherten Bades in einen Behälter fließen zu lassen und es sich dort verfestigen zu lassen.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Bad im wesentlichen die gleiche Zusammensetzung hat wie das Gemisch aus Abfällen und Schmelzzuschlag.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Transportdruck des Trägergases etwas höher ist als der Druck, der der Höhe der von dem Schmelzbad gebildeten Säule entspricht.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es darin besteht, nur einen Teil des Bades in den Behälter fließen zu lassen.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Bad bei einer Badtemperatur von 1000 bis 1100 °C eine Höhe von mindestens 30 cm über der Einströmhöhe der Abfälle hat.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Masse des Bades das 2- bis 6-fache des Massedurchsatzes der Abfälle pro Stunde darstellt.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es darin besteht, ein Trägergas über dem Bad einzuführen.
  8. Ofen zur Behandlung von Abfällen für die Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er aus einem Schmelztiegel (11) besteht, der mit einer Heizvorrichtung (12) versehen ist, wobei eine Abfälle-Speiseleitung (9) im unteren Teil des Schmelztiegels (11) mündet, eine Anzapfleitung (14) eines Bades in dem Schmelztiegel (11) in einer Höhe mündet, die über der der Mündung der Abfälle-Speiseleitung (9) liegt, wobei der obere Teil (13) des Ofens eine Kammer (15) bildet, die nach oben mit einer Leitung (16) für den gasförmigen Abgang in Verbindung steht, wobei eine Zufuhrröhre (20) für ein Spülgas in die Kammer (15) mündet.
EP91400766A 1990-03-23 1991-03-21 Verfahren und Ofen zur Behandlung von schmelzbaren Abfällen Expired - Lifetime EP0452176B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9003727 1990-03-23
FR9003727A FR2659876B1 (fr) 1990-03-23 1990-03-23 Procede et four de traitement de dechets fusibles.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0452176A2 EP0452176A2 (de) 1991-10-16
EP0452176A3 EP0452176A3 (en) 1992-03-04
EP0452176B1 true EP0452176B1 (de) 1995-06-07

Family

ID=9395036

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91400766A Expired - Lifetime EP0452176B1 (de) 1990-03-23 1991-03-21 Verfahren und Ofen zur Behandlung von schmelzbaren Abfällen

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US5170728A (de)
EP (1) EP0452176B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH04222683A (de)
AR (1) AR247622A1 (de)
AT (1) ATE123586T1 (de)
BR (1) BR9101129A (de)
CZ (1) CZ284775B6 (de)
DE (1) DE69110182T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2073134T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2659876B1 (de)
HU (1) HU210792B (de)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2659877B1 (fr) * 1990-03-23 1992-11-27 Tanari Rene Procede et four de traitement de dechets incinerables.
US5191154A (en) * 1991-07-29 1993-03-02 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. Method and system for controlling chemical reaction in a molten bath
US5202100A (en) * 1991-11-07 1993-04-13 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. Method for reducing volume of a radioactive composition
US5491279A (en) * 1993-04-02 1996-02-13 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. Method for top-charging solid waste into a molten metal bath
US5348689A (en) * 1993-07-13 1994-09-20 Rockwell International Corporation Molten salt destruction of alkali and alkaline earth metals
US5637127A (en) * 1995-12-01 1997-06-10 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Plasma vitrification of waste materials
US6502520B1 (en) * 1998-01-30 2003-01-07 Hitachi, Ltd. Solid material melting apparatus
TW496795B (en) * 2000-10-05 2002-08-01 E E R Env Energy Resrc Israel System and method for removing blockages in a waste converting apparatus
DE10148146B4 (de) * 2001-09-28 2009-08-27 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Verfahren zur Entsorgung eines mit mindestens einem Radiotoxikum kontaminierten Gegenstandes aus Reaktorgraphit und/oder Kohlestein
FR2925369B1 (fr) * 2007-12-21 2011-11-11 Total France Procede pour le revetement anti-erosion d'une paroi, revetement anti-erosion et son utilisation.
CN102114489B (zh) * 2009-12-31 2014-12-10 上海量科电子科技有限公司 一种废弃物处理系统及其实现方法
HUP1900215A1 (hu) * 2019-06-15 2020-12-28 Csepregi Tibor Dr Kis-közepes radioaktivitású szilárd hulladékok kezelése
CN111451244B (zh) * 2020-04-09 2021-12-03 贺州塑友包装材料有限公司 一种塑料袋热熔回收处理方法
RU205723U1 (ru) * 2020-11-23 2021-07-30 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Производственное объединение "Маяк" Устройство для остекловывания радиоактивных отходов
FR3117185B1 (fr) * 2020-12-08 2022-10-28 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif de raccordement pour installation de conditionnement de produits par traitement thermique a haute temperature

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2916203A1 (de) * 1979-04-21 1980-11-06 K E W A Kernbrennstoff Wiedera Verfahren zur behandlung von brennbaren, festen, radioaktiven abfaellen
DE3247349C1 (de) * 1982-12-22 1984-05-24 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Wiederaufarbeitung von Kernbrennstoffen mbH, 3000 Hannover Schmelzofen zur Verglasung von hochradioaktivem Abfall
JPS60203900A (ja) * 1984-03-29 1985-10-15 日本原子力研究所 放射性核種を含む廃棄物の処理方法
US4602574A (en) * 1984-11-08 1986-07-29 United States Steel Corporation Destruction of toxic organic chemicals
US4666696A (en) * 1985-03-29 1987-05-19 Detox International Corporation Destruction of nerve gases and other cholinesterase inhibitors by molten metal reduction
US4632690A (en) * 1985-06-04 1986-12-30 Colwell Jr Robert E Hazardous waste removal method and apparatus
JPH0648315B2 (ja) * 1987-09-16 1994-06-22 動力炉・核燃料開発事業団 放射性廃棄物の加熱分解処理装置
NO881415L (no) * 1988-03-29 1989-10-02 Elkem Technology Behandling av stoev og aske fra forbrenningsanlegg ved koprosessing med spesialavfall og/eller metallisk skrap.
US5167919A (en) * 1990-03-15 1992-12-01 Wagner Anthony S Waste treatment and metal reactant alloy composition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69110182D1 (de) 1995-07-13
US5170728A (en) 1992-12-15
FR2659876B1 (fr) 1992-08-21
HU210792B (en) 1995-07-28
HUT56745A (en) 1991-10-28
EP0452176A3 (en) 1992-03-04
CS9100761A2 (en) 1991-11-12
AR247622A1 (es) 1995-01-31
BR9101129A (pt) 1991-11-05
JPH04222683A (ja) 1992-08-12
FR2659876A1 (fr) 1991-09-27
ES2073134T3 (es) 1995-08-01
EP0452176A2 (de) 1991-10-16
DE69110182T2 (de) 1995-11-02
CZ284775B6 (cs) 1999-02-17
ATE123586T1 (de) 1995-06-15

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