EP0449771B1 - Alimentation contrôlée de métal en fusion dans des coquilles d'une installation de coulée continue automatique - Google Patents

Alimentation contrôlée de métal en fusion dans des coquilles d'une installation de coulée continue automatique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0449771B1
EP0449771B1 EP91810170A EP91810170A EP0449771B1 EP 0449771 B1 EP0449771 B1 EP 0449771B1 EP 91810170 A EP91810170 A EP 91810170A EP 91810170 A EP91810170 A EP 91810170A EP 0449771 B1 EP0449771 B1 EP 0449771B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
moulds
metal
value
casting
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP91810170A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0449771B2 (fr
EP0449771A1 (fr
Inventor
Jean-Jaques Thèler
Edmond Rey
Jean-François Jordan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3A Composites International AG
Original Assignee
Alusuisse Lonza Services Ltd
Alusuisse Technology and Management Ltd
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Application filed by Alusuisse Lonza Services Ltd, Alusuisse Technology and Management Ltd filed Critical Alusuisse Lonza Services Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/0401—Moulds provided with a feed head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/07—Lubricating the moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B22D11/18—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring
    • B22D11/181—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring responsive to molten metal level or slag level

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for feeding molten metal into the molds which are internally insulated in the upper region of an automatic continuous casting installation with an upstream casting furnace and a pouring channel system which comprises a distribution trough which feeds all molds at the same level with metal, the lower one in the In the inner ring area, a gas cushion preventing direct contact of the mold with the metal is maintained and oil is injected into its area.
  • the invention further relates to an application of the method.
  • metals are cast in the form of bars or bolts several meters long, which are used as primary material for various subsequent processing steps, such as for pressing, rolling or forging.
  • the most important element of a continuous casting machine are the molds, which determine the cross section of the cast strand in conventional processes. Depending on the number of cast strands, a casting machine is equipped with a corresponding number of lowerable approach floors, which are firmly connected to a casting table.
  • the molten metal flows, possibly with at least one filter switched on, through a channel system from the casting furnace into the casting machine, where it is distributed into the individual molds.
  • the metal begins to solidify on the dried start-up floors.
  • the approach floors are then cooled and lowered at such a speed that the solidus line of the solidified metal always remains within the mold frame.
  • the casting process is uninterrupted within the specified length of a strand.
  • hot top process was developed a long time ago, in which the metal flows into a distribution trough (hot top) that feeds all molds.
  • the level control devices of all individual molds can be omitted and replaced by a central control element, which allows a quieter metal surface and a simplified casting process.
  • the usual hot top casting process has been further developed by the formation of a gas cushion with automatic lubrication to a semi-continuous casting process, in which a direct contact between the liquid metal and the mold is prevented thanks to the air cushion and an oil film in the top area.
  • US Pat. No. 4,157,728 describes a hot top continuous casting method of the type mentioned above, an annular air cushion being formed underneath the hot top. A slight overpressure is necessary for this. The overpressure is set manually using a screw.
  • Air and oil are supplied in the same area, but separately.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a method and a device of the type mentioned, which allow further automation of the hot top casting process.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention in that a common main line with distribution lines leads air or an inert gas with the same, low overpressure into all molds, and the relative pressure between a setpoint value, which is calculated as a function of the metal height measured via a level probe and an actual value measured in the main line with a transmitter is used for program-controlled control and monitoring, in that the control function is fulfilled by means of a processor by emitting a signal for the actuator of a common pressure control valve.
  • air is generally used for reasons of cost, which is why the term air also includes inert gases in the following for the sake of simplicity.
  • the height of the metal surface can be measured with a level probe known per se, but also with a laser sensor.
  • the actual pressure measured in the main line shows no fluctuations due to the large diameter with small pressure losses.
  • the external pressure which changes considerably depending on the weather, should not influence the casting process. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the influence of the variable external pressure is therefore automatically compensated for by known means by using a commercially available differential pressure meter.
  • the oil required for lubrication is preferably injected in pulses into the area of the gas cushion. This means that the oil can be injected at a higher pressure without the overall consumption becoming too high.
  • the outlet channels for the gas and the oil can be separate or combined into one channel.
  • the pressure in the gas cushion must not exceed a certain maximum value, otherwise gas bubbles will form in the metallic melt. However, the pressure of the gas cushion must also not fall below a certain minimum value, otherwise the molten metal can penetrate into the gas supply channels.
  • the minimum and maximum values for the pressure in the gas cushion are linear to the respective metallostatic pressure in the mold.
  • the minimum pressure, which must not be fallen below, corresponds to a function of the density p, the acceleration due to gravity g, the metal level above the gas outlet openings, the interfacial tension of the melt in the insulation / mold area and the surface tension of the melt in the gas cushion area.
  • the maximum pressure in the gas cushion which must not be exceeded, is a function of the density of the melt p, the acceleration due to gravity g and the depth of the undercut of the insulation.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention in that it has a main line for the gas supply with a servo pressure valve and a transmitter on the system side and a computer comparing the actual pressure control variables of the transmitter and the control variable of the setpoint value, a manipulated variable for the actuator of the Pressure control valve triggering processor includes.
  • the setpoint is determined arithmetically on the basis of the metal level measured, for example, with a laser sensor.
  • the distribution lines branching off from the main line to the molds consist, for example, of rubber or a plastic with an external, reinforcing and protective metal fabric.
  • the main line for the gas supply expediently has an inside diameter of 5-10 cm.
  • the branching distribution lines preferably lead directly to the molds without secondary lines.
  • the main line is preferably oversized, i.e. the sum of the cross section of all distribution lines is substantially below the cross section of the main line, preferably at least 20%. It has already been mentioned that the distribution lines do not have to be the same length.
  • the cross-section here and the rest always means the inner cross-section.
  • the lower edge of the insulation layer projecting above the mold is preferably undercut.
  • the optimal value for this undercut has been found to be about 10 mm, which makes it easier to form a stable gas cushion.
  • the undercut can take on any geometrical shape, it preferably runs as a cone-shaped bevel.
  • An optionally removable laser sensor is expediently used as the level measuring device for determining the same metal level everywhere in the trough system and in the molds.
  • the application of the method according to the invention lies primarily in the automation of the start-up and casting end as well as the quality control during the stationary phase of the continuous casting.
  • the basic sketch shown in FIG. 1 of the hot top continuous casting known per se essentially comprises a pouring channel system 10, hot tops 12 made of refractory material, also called hot heads, molds 14, cast strands 16 and a casting table 18.
  • the trough system 10 in which the metal flows at the same level in all channels in the direction of the arrow 20, comprises a distribution trough 22. This serves as a reservoir for liquid metal.
  • the individual gutters merge into grooves 24 of the hot top 12.
  • the grooves 24 also run in the transverse direction and merge into bores through the hot top 12 above the molds 14. This ensures that the metal level only has to be measured at one point. This level is the same in the entire casting machine within the measurement tolerances.
  • a number of approach floors 28 corresponding to the number of molds 14 are arranged on the casting table 18, which is lowered in the direction of the arrow 26.
  • FIG. 2 shows a hot top 12, a mold 14 and a cast metal strand 16 in detail.
  • the hot top 12 conducts the molten metal 30 into the molds 14 via grooves 24.
  • the hot top 12 is made of fire-resistant insulating material.
  • the mold 14 consisting of three rings has an annular inner insulation 32 in the upper inner region, which prevents the contact of the molten metal 30 with the upper region of the mold 14.
  • the insulation 32 has an undercut bevel 34 in the lower region.
  • the insulation ring 32 which is made of a refractory material, is pressed onto the mold 14 by means of a pressure plate 36.
  • An O-ring not shown, ensures the tightness between the mold 14 and the insulation ring 32.
  • the inner surface of a lower mold ring 38 determines the diameter of the strand 16. Water 44 is sprayed onto the strand 16 via channels 42 from the ring-shaped water reservoir 40.
  • a middle mold ring 46 contains an annular oil chamber delimited by the lower mold ring 38 with outlet channels 50, which open out directly below the inclined surface 34 of the insulation ring 32.
  • the oil chamber 48 is fed via radial channels, not shown, which are recessed from the lower ring 38 or from the middle ring 46 and are delimited by the respective other ring.
  • An upper mold ring 52 contains an annular air chamber 53 with radial puncture channels (not shown) between the middle and the upper mold ring.
  • the air is conducted into the mold interior with a slight excess pressure, in the range of approximately 45 mbar, immediately below the bevel 34 of the insulation 32. This creates an annular air cushion 54. This alleviates the cold shock of the molten metal 30 striking the mold 14.
  • the vertical distance between the common level 60 of the molten metal 30 in the channel system 10, the grooves 24 and the mold 14 and the transition from the bevel 34 of the insulation ring 32 to the mold 14, in the region of the air outlet channels, is referred to as the metal level H 1 .
  • the metal level H 1 is in the range of 200 mm.
  • the insulation 32 has a chamfer depth H 2 of approximately 10 mm.
  • the sum of H 1 + H 2 is denoted by H.
  • the pressure in the air cushion 54 must not fall below the metallostatic pressure in the depth H1, increased by the interface and surface tension, and must not exceed the depth H for the reasons mentioned above.
  • curve B shows the values for the onset of blistering.
  • Fig. 3 can be used in practice to read the optimum pressure to be used for a given metal level. As already mentioned, this is at or just below 50 mbar.
  • Fig. 4 shows a main line 62 of the compressed air supply, which is passed through a pressure control valve 64. After branching off to a transmitter 66 for the actual pressure, distribution lines 68 leading from the main line 62 to the molds branch off.
  • the number of distribution lines 68 corresponds to the number of molds in the casting machine, for example up to 36.
  • a control variable is passed from the transmitter 66 to a processor 70. There, the control variable corresponding to the actual pressure is compared with a control variable calculated by a computer 72 for the target pressure dependent on the metal level. If there is a relative pressure, i.e. a pressure difference between the setpoint and actual pressure, the processor triggers a signal called the manipulated variable, which acts on the actuator 74 of the pressure control valve 64 and changes it depending on the sign and absolute value of the detected Ap.
  • the actuator 74 can be a stepper motor or a DC motor, for example.
  • a target value dependent on the metal level H 1 (FIG. 2) is continuously calculated, which is compared with the actual value of the air supply.
  • the pressure in the air cushion is automatically adapted to a changed metal level by changing the pressure in the main line 62.
  • the air flow V shown in FIG. 5 per unit of time and mold is plotted as a function of the casting time t.
  • the air flow rate V A is relatively high. With the onset of the supply of liquid metal and increasing metal level, the air flow drops relatively steeply.
  • a signal for lowering the casting table is triggered with a delay of about 5 seconds.
  • a cold run K occurs shortly after the minimum target value V s of about 2 to 3 mbar has been reached. Due to poor strand quality, air can escape between the mold and your strand. After a short time, the quality is normal, the air flow drops again to the minimum setpoint V s .
  • the metal level in the mold drops, and the air flow V rises correspondingly steeply.
  • V 2 a signal for the end of casting is triggered.
  • the regulator pressure in the present case in stationary normal operation 45 mbar, is indicated by a dashed line 76.
  • the dotted line 78 shows the pressure curve after a length of 3 m in a main line with an inner diameter of 6 mm.
  • Fig. 6 shows that the air flow Q corresponds to the sum of all air losses.
  • the air flow is determined by a flow meter 80.
  • the losses Q 1 to Q 4 are due to the condition of the system; they must be negligibly small in the case of functional systems.
  • the air losses Q 5 and in particular Q 7 allow conclusions to be drawn about the quality of the cast strand.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Control By Computers (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Control Of Non-Electrical Variables (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Procédé d'alimentation de métal en fusion dans les coquilles (14), isolées intérieurement dans la région supérieure, d'une installation de coulée continue automatique, avec un four de coulée disposé en amont et un système de goulottes de coulée (10) qui comprend une auge de répartition (22) qui alimente en métal toutes les coquilles (14) au même niveau (60), dans lequel on maintient dans une région au-dessous d'une bague intérieure (32) un coussin de gaz (54) qui empêche le contact direct de la coquille (14) avec le métal en fusion (30) et dans la région duquel on injecte de l'huile,
caractérisé en ce que
une conduite principale commune (62) avec des conduites de répartition (68) amène de l'air ou un gaz inerte sous la même légère surpression dans toutes les coquilles (14), et en ce que la pression relative entre une valeur de consigne, calculée par un programme en fonction de la hauteur de métal (Hi) mesurée au moyen d'une sonde de niveau, et une valeur réelle, mesurée dans la conduite principale (62) au moyen d'un transducteur de mesure (66), sert à la régulation et à la surveillance sous la commande d'un programme, la fonction de régulation étant remplie au moyen d'un processeur (70) en délivrant un signal pour l'actionneur (74) d'une valve de régulation de pression commune (64).
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la pression extérieure variable est compensée.
3. Procédé selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que lors du début de la coulée, sans métal liquide (30), le débit d'air (V) par coquille (14) atteint une première valeur plus élevée (VA) et, tandis que le métal (30) s'écoule, brièvement avant de tomber au-dessous d'une seconde valeur plus basse (Vi ) pour le débit d'air (V), on déclenche l'abaissement de la table de coulée (18) au moyen des plateformes de départ (28), la première valeur (VA) s'élevant de préférence de 12 à 15 NI/min pour une pression établie d'environ 45 mbar, la seconde valeur (Vi ) s'élevant à environ 8 à 10 NI/min, et le retard après avoir atteint la seconde valeur s'élevant à environ 5 secondes.
4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la pression minimum et la pression maximum dans le coussin de gaz (54) sont réglées en fonction de la pression statique du métal la pression minimum étant une fonction de la densité de la fonte (p), de l'accélération terrestre (g), de la hauteur de métal (Hi ) de la tension superficielle de la fonte (30) dans la région entre l'isolation (32) et la coquille (14), et de la tension superficielle de la fonte (30) dans la région du coussin de gaz (54), et la pression maximum étant une fonction de la densité de la fonte (30), de l'accélération terrestre (g), et de la profondeur (H2) de la découpe oblique (34) de la bague d'isolation (32).
5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'on admet par unité de temps et indépendamment de la résistance des conduites la même quantité d'huile à toutes les coquilles (14), et en ce que l'huile est injectée de préférence par impulsions dans la région du coussin de gaz (54).
6. Appareil pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, comprenant des coquilles (14) intérieurement isolées d'une installation de coulée continue automatique, un four de coulée disposé en amont, et un système de goulottes de coulée (10) qui comprend une auge de répartition (22), caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend côté installation une conduite principale (62) pour l'alimentation en gaz, avec une valve d'asservissement de pression (64) et un transducteur de mesure (66), et côté ordinateur un processeur (70) qui compare les valeurs de régulation de la pression réelle du transducteur de mesure (66) et la valeur de régulation de la pression de consigne, et qui déclenche une valeur de réglage pour l'actionneur (74) de la valve de régulation de pression (64).
7. Appareil selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que des conduites de liaison (68) qui mènent exclusivement directement aux coquilles (14) sont branchées en dérivation depuis la conduite principale (62) avec un diamètre intérieur de préférence de 5 à 10 cm, la somme des sections transversales de toutes les conduites de liaison (68) étant notablement inférieure à la section transversale de la conduite principale (62), de préférence d'au moins 20%.
8. Appareil selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce qu'une bague d'isolation (32) située en haut des coquilles (14) comporte à la face inférieure une contre- dépouille, de préférence une découpe en oblique (34) avec une profondeur (H2) d'environ 10 mm.
9. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'on prévoit un détecteur à laser, également démontable, pour la mesure du niveau de métal (60), ce dernier étant partout le même.
10. Application du procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, pour l'automatisation du démarrage et de la fin de coulée ainsi que pour le contrôle qualité pendant la phase stationnaire de la coulée continue.
EP91810170A 1990-03-26 1991-03-15 Alimentation contrÔlée de métal en fusion dans des coquilles d'une installation de coulée continue automatique Expired - Lifetime EP0449771B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH98990 1990-03-26
CH989/90 1990-03-26

Publications (3)

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EP0449771A1 EP0449771A1 (fr) 1991-10-02
EP0449771B1 true EP0449771B1 (fr) 1995-01-25
EP0449771B2 EP0449771B2 (fr) 1998-08-12

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EP91810170A Expired - Lifetime EP0449771B2 (fr) 1990-03-26 1991-03-15 Alimentation contrÔlée de métal en fusion dans des coquilles d'une installation de coulée continue automatique

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Country Link
US (1) US5170838A (fr)
EP (1) EP0449771B2 (fr)
JP (1) JPH04224048A (fr)
AT (1) ATE117605T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU634638B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2038233A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59104354D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2067903T3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3015862T3 (fr)
NO (1) NO178058C (fr)
ZA (1) ZA912173B (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4203337C2 (de) * 1992-02-06 1994-07-07 Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag Verfahren zum Stranggießen von Metallen
DE4212531C1 (de) * 1992-04-15 1993-10-21 Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag Gas- und Trennmittelzuführungs- und Verteilungssystem für eine Vorrichtung zum Stranggießen
FR2698298B1 (fr) * 1992-11-23 1998-09-18 Pechiney Aluminium Procede d'injection automatisee de gaz dans une installation multicoulee de metaux equipee de lingotieres a rehausse.
NO300411B1 (no) * 1995-05-12 1997-05-26 Norsk Hydro As Stöpeutstyr
US5873405A (en) * 1997-06-05 1999-02-23 Alcan International Limited Process and apparatus for direct chill casting
AUPR309901A0 (en) * 2001-02-15 2001-03-08 Konbridge Proprietary Limited Method and apparatus for moulding
DE102009037368A1 (de) * 2009-08-12 2011-02-17 Strikowestofen Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Dosieren von geschmolzenem Metall

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE555574A (fr) *
DE2525483B2 (de) * 1975-06-07 1978-11-23 Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke Ag, 5300 Bonn Verfahren zum Schmieren von Heißkopfstranggießkokillen
US4597432A (en) * 1981-04-29 1986-07-01 Wagstaff Engineering, Inc. Molding device
AU539444B2 (en) * 1981-06-25 1984-09-27 Kepac Limited Hinge
FR2508829A1 (fr) * 1981-07-06 1983-01-07 Fives Cail Babcock Procede de refroidissement et de lubrification de la paroi d'une lingotiere de coulee continue
JPS6137352A (ja) * 1984-07-31 1986-02-22 Showa Alum Ind Kk 金属の連続鋳造法
DE3533517A1 (de) * 1985-09-20 1987-04-02 Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zum stranggiessen
JPS63273553A (ja) * 1987-04-30 1988-11-10 Furukawa Alum Co Ltd 中空ビレツトの製造方法および装置
JPH07100213B2 (ja) * 1987-06-18 1995-11-01 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 双ロ−ル式連鋳機

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59104354D1 (de) 1995-03-09
NO178058C (no) 1996-01-17
NO911214L (no) 1991-09-27
ES2067903T3 (es) 1995-04-01
GR3015862T3 (en) 1995-07-31
US5170838A (en) 1992-12-15
ZA912173B (en) 1991-12-24
ATE117605T1 (de) 1995-02-15
EP0449771B2 (fr) 1998-08-12
NO178058B (no) 1995-10-09
NO911214D0 (no) 1991-03-25
JPH04224048A (ja) 1992-08-13
EP0449771A1 (fr) 1991-10-02
CA2038233A1 (fr) 1991-09-27
AU634638B2 (en) 1993-02-25
AU7297391A (en) 1991-10-03

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