EP0449771A1 - Alimentation contrôlée de métal en fusion dans des coquilles d'une installation de coulée continue automatique - Google Patents

Alimentation contrôlée de métal en fusion dans des coquilles d'une installation de coulée continue automatique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0449771A1
EP0449771A1 EP91810170A EP91810170A EP0449771A1 EP 0449771 A1 EP0449771 A1 EP 0449771A1 EP 91810170 A EP91810170 A EP 91810170A EP 91810170 A EP91810170 A EP 91810170A EP 0449771 A1 EP0449771 A1 EP 0449771A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
molds
mold
metal
casting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91810170A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0449771B1 (fr
EP0449771B2 (fr
Inventor
Jean-Jaques Thèler
Edmond Rey
Jean-François Jordan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3A Composites International AG
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Alusuisse Lonza Services Ltd
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Application filed by Alusuisse Lonza Services Ltd filed Critical Alusuisse Lonza Services Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/0401—Moulds provided with a feed head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/07—Lubricating the moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B22D11/18—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring
    • B22D11/181—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring responsive to molten metal level or slag level

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for feeding molten metal into the molds which are internally insulated in the upper region of an automatic continuous casting plant with an upstream casting furnace and a pouring channel system which comprises a distribution trough which feeds all molds at the same level with metal, in the below one In the inner ring area, a gas cushion preventing direct contact of the mold with the metal is maintained and oil is injected into its area.
  • the invention further relates to an application of the method.
  • metals are cast in the form of bars or bolts several meters long, which are used as primary material for various subsequent processing steps, such as for pressing, rolling or forging.
  • the most important element of a continuous casting machine are the molds, which determine the cross section of the cast strand in conventional processes. Depending on the number of cast strands, a casting machine is equipped with a corresponding number of lowerable approach floors, which are firmly connected to a casting table.
  • the molten metal flows through a channel system from the casting furnace into the casting machine, where it is distributed into the individual molds.
  • the metal begins to solidify on the dried start-up floors.
  • the approach floors are then cooled and lowered at such a speed that the solidus line of the solidified metal always remains within the mold frame.
  • the casting process is uninterrupted within the specified length of a strand.
  • hot top process was developed a long time ago, in which the metal flows into a distribution trough (hot top) that feeds all molds.
  • the level control devices of all individual molds can be omitted and replaced by a central control element, which allows a quieter metal surface and a simplified casting process.
  • the usual hot top casting process has been further developed by the formation of a gas cushion with automatic lubrication to a semi-continuous casting process, in which a direct contact between the liquid metal and the mold is prevented thanks to the air cushion and an oil film in the top area.
  • US Pat. No. 4,157,728 describes a hot top continuous casting method of the type mentioned above, an annular air cushion being formed underneath the hot top. A slight overpressure is necessary for this. The overpressure is set manually using a screw.
  • Air and oil are supplied in the same area, but separately.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus of the type mentioned, which allow further automation of the hot top casting process.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention in that a common main line with distribution lines leads air or an inert gas with the same, low overpressure into all molds, and the relative pressure between a setpoint value, which is calculated as a function of the metal height measured via a level probe and an actual value measured in the main line with a transmitter serves for program-controlled control and monitoring, in that the control function is fulfilled by means of a processor by emitting a signal for the actuator of a common pressure control valve.
  • air is generally used for reasons of cost, which is why the term air also includes inert gases in the following for the sake of simplicity.
  • the height of the metal surface can be measured with a level probe known per se, but also with a laser sensor.
  • the actual pressure measured in the main line shows no fluctuations due to the large diameter with small pressure losses.
  • the external pressure which changes considerably depending on the weather, should not influence the casting process. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the influence of the variable external pressure is therefore automatically compensated for by known means by using a commercially available differential pressure meter.
  • the oil required for lubrication is preferably injected in pulses into the area of the gas cushion. This means that the oil can be injected at a higher pressure without the overall consumption becoming too high.
  • the outlet channels for the gas and the oil can be separate or combined into one channel.
  • the pressure in the gas cushion must not exceed a certain maximum value, otherwise gas bubbles form in the metallic melt. However, the pressure of the gas cushion must also not fall below a certain minimum value, otherwise the molten metal can penetrate into the gas supply channels.
  • the minimum and maximum values for the pressure in the gas cushion are linear to the respective metallostatic pressure in the mold.
  • the minimum pressure, which must not be fallen below, corresponds to a function of the density , the acceleration due to gravity g, the metal level above the gas outlet openings, the interfacial tension of the melt in the area of insulation / mold and the surface tension of the melt in the area of the gas cushion.
  • the maximum pressure in the gas cushion which must not be exceeded, is a function of the density of the melt , the acceleration due to gravity g and the depth of the undercut of the insulation.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention in that it comprises a main line for the gas supply with a servo pressure valve and a transmitter on the system side and a computer comparing the actual pressure control variables of the transmitter and the control variable of the target value, a manipulated variable for the actuator of the Pressure control valve triggering processor includes.
  • the setpoint is determined arithmetically on the basis of the metal level measured, for example, with a laser sensor.
  • the distribution lines branching off from the main line to the molds consist, for example, of rubber or a plastic with an external, reinforcing and protective metal fabric.
  • the main line for the gas supply expediently has an inner diameter of 5-10 cm.
  • the branching distribution lines preferably lead directly, without secondary lines, to the molds.
  • the main line is preferably oversized, ie the sum of the cross section of all distribution lines is substantially below the cross section of the main line, preferably at least 20%. It has already been mentioned that the distribution lines do not have to be the same length.
  • the cross-section here always means the inner cross-section.
  • the lower edge of the insulation layer projecting above the mold is preferably undercut.
  • the optimal value for this undercut has been found to be about 10 mm, which makes it easier to form a stable gas cushion.
  • the undercut can take on any geometrical shape, it preferably runs as a conical bevel.
  • An optionally removable laser sensor is expediently used as a level measuring device for determining the same metal level everywhere in the trough system and in the molds.
  • the application of the method according to the invention lies primarily in the automation of the start-up and the casting end as well as the quality control during the stationary phase of the continuous casting.
  • the basic sketch shown in FIG. 1 of the hot top continuous casting known per se essentially comprises a pouring channel system 10, hot tops 12 made of refractory material, also called hot heads, molds 14, cast strands 16 and a casting table 18.
  • the trough system 10 in which the metal flows at the same level in all troughs in the direction of the arrow 20, comprises a distribution trough 22. This serves as a reservoir for liquid metal.
  • the individual gutters merge into grooves 24 of the hot top 12.
  • the grooves 24 also run in the transverse direction and merge into bores through the hot top 12 above the molds 14. This ensures that the metal level only has to be measured at one point. This level is the same in the entire casting machine within the measurement tolerances.
  • a number of approach floors 28 corresponding to the number of molds 14 are arranged on the casting table 18, which is lowered in the direction of the arrow 26.
  • FIG. 2 shows a hot top 12, a mold 14 and a cast metal strand 16 in detail.
  • the hot top 12 conducts the molten metal 30 into the molds 14 via grooves 24.
  • the hot top 12 is made of fire-resistant insulating material.
  • the mold 14 consisting of three rings has in the upper inner area an annular inner insulation 32, which prevents the contact of the molten metal 30 with the upper region of the mold 14.
  • the insulation 32 has an undercut bevel 34 in the lower region.
  • the insulation ring 32 which is made of a refractory material, is pressed onto the mold 14 by means of a pressure plate 36.
  • An O-ring not shown, ensures the tightness between the mold 14 and the insulation ring 32.
  • the inner surface of a lower mold ring 38 determines the diameter of the strand 16. Water 44 is sprayed onto the strand 16 via channels 42 from the ring-shaped water reservoir 40.
  • a middle mold ring 46 contains an annular oil chamber delimited by the lower mold ring 38 with outlet channels 50, which open out directly below the inclined surface 34 of the insulation ring 32.
  • the oil chamber 48 is fed via radial channels, not shown, which are recessed from the lower ring 38 or from the middle ring 46 and are delimited by the respective other ring.
  • An upper mold ring 52 contains an annular air chamber 53 with radial puncture channels (not shown) between the middle and the upper mold ring.
  • the air is conducted into the mold interior with a slight excess pressure, in the range of approximately 45 mbar, immediately below the bevel 34 of the insulation 32. This creates an annular air cushion 54. This softens the cold shock of the molten metal 30 striking the mold 14.
  • Air and oil occur in the same area, in the ring-shaped Air or gas cushion 54, off, separated in the present case.
  • the vertical distance between the common level 60 of the molten metal 30 in the channel system 10, the grooves 24 and the mold 14 and the transition from the bevel 34 of the insulation ring 32 to the mold 14, in the region of the air outlet channels, is referred to as the metal level H 1.
  • the metal level H1 is in the range of 200 mm.
  • the insulation 32 has a chamfer depth H2 of about 10 mm.
  • the sum of H1 + H2 is denoted by H.
  • the pressure in the air cushion 54 must not fall below the metallostatic pressure in the depth H 1, increased by the interfacial and surface tension, for the reasons mentioned above and must not exceed the depth H.
  • metallostatic pressure is applied as a function of the metal level H1.
  • the metallostatic pressure p is calculated as follows: in which is the density of the molten metal, which is dependent on the alloy and the temperature, and g corresponds to the constant gravitational acceleration.
  • the values calculated according to this formula are plotted on curve C in FIG. 3.
  • curve B shows the values for the beginning of the formation of bubbles.
  • Fig. 3 can be used in practice to read the optimum pressure to be used for a given metal level. As already mentioned, this is at or just below 50 mbar.
  • Fig. 4 shows a main line 62 of the compressed air supply, which is passed through a pressure control valve 64. After branching off to a transmitter 66 for the actual pressure, distribution lines 68 leading from the main line 62 to the molds branch off.
  • the number of distribution lines 68 corresponds to the number of molds in the casting machine, for example up to 36.
  • a control variable is passed from the transmitter 66 to a processor 70.
  • the control variable corresponding to the actual pressure is compared with a control variable calculated by a computer 72 for the target pressure dependent on the metal level. If there is a relative pressure, that is to say a pressure difference between the setpoint and actual pressure, the processor triggers a signal called the manipulated variable, which acts on the actuator 74 of the pressure control valve 64 and changes it depending on the sign and absolute value of the ⁇ p determined.
  • the actuator 74 can be a stepper motor or a DC motor, for example.
  • a target value dependent on the metal level H 1 (FIG. 2) is continuously calculated, which is compared with the actual value of the air supply.
  • the pressure in the air cushion is automatically changed to a changed metal level by changing the pressure in the main line 62 customized.
  • the air flow V shown in FIG. 5 per unit of time and mold is plotted as a function of the casting time t.
  • the air flow rate V A is relatively high. With the onset of the supply of liquid metal and increasing metal level, the air flow drops relatively steeply.
  • a signal for lowering the casting table is triggered with a delay of about 5 seconds.
  • a cold run K occurs shortly after the minimum target value V S of about 2 to 3 mbar has been reached. Due to poor strand quality, air can escape between the mold and your strand. After a short time, the quality is normal, the air flow drops back to the minimum setpoint V S.
  • the metal level in the mold drops, the air flow V rises accordingly steeply.
  • V2 a signal for the end of casting is triggered.
  • the regulator pressure in the present case in stationary normal operation 45 mbar, is indicated by a dashed line 76.
  • the dotted line 78 shows the pressure curve after a length of 3 m in a main line with an inner diameter of 6 mm.
  • Fig. 6 shows that the air flow Q corresponds to the sum of all air losses.
  • the air flow is determined by a flow meter 80.
  • the losses between the flow meter and the mold, in lines, couplings, filters, valves, pressure regulators, etc., are designated with Q1, the losses in the mold itself with Q2.
  • the losses Q1 to Q4 are due to the condition of the system, they must be negligibly small in functional systems.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Control By Computers (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Control Of Non-Electrical Variables (AREA)
EP91810170A 1990-03-26 1991-03-15 Alimentation contrÔlée de métal en fusion dans des coquilles d'une installation de coulée continue automatique Expired - Lifetime EP0449771B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH98990 1990-03-26
CH989/90 1990-12-17

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0449771A1 true EP0449771A1 (fr) 1991-10-02
EP0449771B1 EP0449771B1 (fr) 1995-01-25
EP0449771B2 EP0449771B2 (fr) 1998-08-12

Family

ID=4199879

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91810170A Expired - Lifetime EP0449771B2 (fr) 1990-03-26 1991-03-15 Alimentation contrÔlée de métal en fusion dans des coquilles d'une installation de coulée continue automatique

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US5170838A (fr)
EP (1) EP0449771B2 (fr)
JP (1) JPH04224048A (fr)
AT (1) ATE117605T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU634638B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2038233A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59104354D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2067903T3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3015862T3 (fr)
NO (1) NO178058C (fr)
ZA (1) ZA912173B (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0560024A2 (fr) * 1992-02-06 1993-09-15 VAW Aluminium AG Procédé de coulée continue de métal
FR2698298A1 (fr) * 1992-11-23 1994-05-27 Pechiney Aluminium Procédé d'injection automatisée de gaz dans une installation multicoulée de métaux équipée de lingotières à rehausse.
DE102009037368A1 (de) * 2009-08-12 2011-02-17 Strikowestofen Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Dosieren von geschmolzenem Metall

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4212531C1 (de) * 1992-04-15 1993-10-21 Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag Gas- und Trennmittelzuführungs- und Verteilungssystem für eine Vorrichtung zum Stranggießen
NO300411B1 (no) * 1995-05-12 1997-05-26 Norsk Hydro As Stöpeutstyr
US5873405A (en) * 1997-06-05 1999-02-23 Alcan International Limited Process and apparatus for direct chill casting
AUPR309901A0 (en) * 2001-02-15 2001-03-08 Konbridge Proprietary Limited Method and apparatus for moulding

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE555574A (fr) *
FR2508829A1 (fr) * 1981-07-06 1983-01-07 Fives Cail Babcock Procede de refroidissement et de lubrification de la paroi d'une lingotiere de coulee continue
EP0218855A1 (fr) * 1985-09-20 1987-04-22 Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et appareil de coulée continue
US4804037A (en) * 1987-06-18 1989-02-14 Ishikawajima-Harima Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Dual-roll type continuous casting machine

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2525483B2 (de) * 1975-06-07 1978-11-23 Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke Ag, 5300 Bonn Verfahren zum Schmieren von Heißkopfstranggießkokillen
US4597432A (en) * 1981-04-29 1986-07-01 Wagstaff Engineering, Inc. Molding device
AU539444B2 (en) * 1981-06-25 1984-09-27 Kepac Limited Hinge
JPS6137352A (ja) * 1984-07-31 1986-02-22 Showa Alum Ind Kk 金属の連続鋳造法
JPS63273553A (ja) * 1987-04-30 1988-11-10 Furukawa Alum Co Ltd 中空ビレツトの製造方法および装置

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE555574A (fr) *
FR2508829A1 (fr) * 1981-07-06 1983-01-07 Fives Cail Babcock Procede de refroidissement et de lubrification de la paroi d'une lingotiere de coulee continue
EP0218855A1 (fr) * 1985-09-20 1987-04-22 Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et appareil de coulée continue
US4804037A (en) * 1987-06-18 1989-02-14 Ishikawajima-Harima Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Dual-roll type continuous casting machine

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0560024A2 (fr) * 1992-02-06 1993-09-15 VAW Aluminium AG Procédé de coulée continue de métal
EP0560024A3 (en) * 1992-02-06 1993-10-13 Vaw Aluminium Ag Method for continuous casting of metals
US5343933A (en) * 1992-02-06 1994-09-06 Vaw Aluminium Ag Process and apparatus for continuously casting metals
FR2698298A1 (fr) * 1992-11-23 1994-05-27 Pechiney Aluminium Procédé d'injection automatisée de gaz dans une installation multicoulée de métaux équipée de lingotières à rehausse.
EP0599750A1 (fr) * 1992-11-23 1994-06-01 Aluminium Pechiney Procédé d'injection automatisée de gaz dans une installation multicoulée de métaux équipée de lingotières à rehaussé
DE102009037368A1 (de) * 2009-08-12 2011-02-17 Strikowestofen Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Dosieren von geschmolzenem Metall

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5170838A (en) 1992-12-15
NO178058C (no) 1996-01-17
ATE117605T1 (de) 1995-02-15
EP0449771B1 (fr) 1995-01-25
NO911214D0 (no) 1991-03-25
EP0449771B2 (fr) 1998-08-12
AU634638B2 (en) 1993-02-25
ES2067903T3 (es) 1995-04-01
AU7297391A (en) 1991-10-03
CA2038233A1 (fr) 1991-09-27
NO911214L (no) 1991-09-27
DE59104354D1 (de) 1995-03-09
JPH04224048A (ja) 1992-08-13
GR3015862T3 (en) 1995-07-31
ZA912173B (en) 1991-12-24
NO178058B (no) 1995-10-09

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