EP0442275B1 - Dispositif ou détection d'un récipient placé dans une zone de chauffage d'un appareil de cuisson ou de chauffage - Google Patents

Dispositif ou détection d'un récipient placé dans une zone de chauffage d'un appareil de cuisson ou de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0442275B1
EP0442275B1 EP91100507A EP91100507A EP0442275B1 EP 0442275 B1 EP0442275 B1 EP 0442275B1 EP 91100507 A EP91100507 A EP 91100507A EP 91100507 A EP91100507 A EP 91100507A EP 0442275 B1 EP0442275 B1 EP 0442275B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor
cooker
heating
value
dependent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91100507A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0442275A2 (fr
EP0442275A3 (en
Inventor
Willi Essig
Ivo Russ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EGO Elektro Geratebau GmbH
Original Assignee
EGO Elektro Gerate Blanc und Fischer GmbH
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Application filed by EGO Elektro Gerate Blanc und Fischer GmbH filed Critical EGO Elektro Gerate Blanc und Fischer GmbH
Publication of EP0442275A2 publication Critical patent/EP0442275A2/fr
Publication of EP0442275A3 publication Critical patent/EP0442275A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
    • H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
    • H05B3/746—Protection, e.g. overheat cutoff, hot plate indicator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2213/00—Aspects relating both to resistive heating and to induction heating, covered by H05B3/00 and H05B6/00
    • H05B2213/05—Heating plates with pan detection means

Definitions

  • the task of the invention is to create a device in which the arrangement of the sensor in the heating zone is unproblematic and in the most varied Operating conditions allows a clear detection of a set up pot. This object is solved by claim 1.
  • the dependency of the detection on the signal change avoids the setting of a certain absolute value for the switching point, so that changing basic requirements, e.g. B. changed by the influence of temperature characteristics of the sensor can be taken into account.
  • the dependency on the rate of change makes it possible to select the response rate of the pot detection to be greater than the rate of change of the basic values.
  • inductive sensors could only be used with poor results because they had to be temperature-shielded and therefore had to be too far away from the actual hotplate.
  • they can be arranged largely directly at the heating point, for. B. at the edge or in the middle of the heating zone and especially just below the actual cooking surface, closer to this than z. B. radiant heating elements.
  • a material which has proven to be particularly advantageous for an inductive sensor as a material which is resistant to high temperatures has hitherto not been considered usable for such purposes, namely an electrically insulating oxidized heating conductor material, for example a chromium-nickel alloy Art Ni Cr 7030.
  • This material which is known as heating conductor material, was considered unusable due to its high resistance value for induction coils, especially because a ferromagnetic coil core must be dispensed with for temperature reasons. Temperatures of up to 1300 K (approx. 1000 degrees Celsius) can occur in the area of the induction coil, while conventional coil materials can only withstand a fraction of these temperatures.
  • the evaluation means can work analogously and determine the rate of change by differentiating the output sensor signal.
  • the evaluation means can particularly advantageously work digitally, the starting point being a comparison of the pulses of a sensor resonant circuit frequency counted over a certain gate time with a comparison number, which is kept at a distance in each case from the sensor-dependent pulse number by a certain threshold value.
  • the comparison number is adapted in a predetermined time sequence to the actual value of the sensor frequency-dependent number, so that in all operating states the threshold value has a certain size or, depending on the case, also a function of the absolute value of the sensor signal.
  • the sign of the threshold value is changed depending on the detection (pot available / not available).
  • the readjustment to the threshold value which should be slow in order to be able to use even weak values, could be accelerated by shortening the readjustment time.
  • This can be achieved by a readjustment speed that is directly dependent on the size of the respective difference value.
  • a microcontroller is particularly suitable for implementation, i. H. a programmable module that works digitally like a computer, as is often used in control systems. At the same time, it could also contain the functions of an adjustable power control device, a temperature-dependent control device and / or other control functions, such as for a parboil, for temperature limitation, etc., so that apart from control sensors, normally only a code transmitter for manual setting and a power Switching component (relay, triac or the like) are necessary to implement the entire control of the cooking device.
  • the setup is possible with various sensor systems, including capacitive, optical or similar sensors.
  • sensor types including capacitive, optical or similar sensors.
  • the device should have a bypass or a switch-off device that enables the cooking device to be operated independently of the pan detection. It can be time-controlled so that it switches back to automatic pot detection after a certain time.
  • the previously described functional sequence could also be used. Instead of counting the pulses and forming the difference from these values, there would be a difference (beat) between the sensor frequency and one correspondingly adjusted comparison frequency can be used.
  • the device can also be implemented as a user-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
  • the invention provides further advantages, above all increased safety, because it prevents a hotplate from being operated in idle mode after the cooking vessel has been removed.
  • the inductive version which is dependent on a ferromagnetic material in the cooking vessel, has the additional safety advantage that it does not respond, for example, when a plastic container is placed on the hotplate, which would be possible with optical devices.
  • FIG. 1 shows part of a cooking appliance 11 with radiant heater 13 arranged under a glass ceramic plate 12. It contains, in a sheet metal carrier shell 14, heat-resistant insulation 15 with a peripheral edge 16 supported on the glass ceramic plate 12 and an annular recess 17 on the bottom thereof for example, radiant heating resistors 18 designed as a heating winch are arranged spirally surrounding a central zone 19.
  • radiant heaters 13 are resiliently pressed onto the underside of a glass ceramic plate 12 and form individual heating zones 20. They are also suitable for heating or other purposes.
  • the central zone 19 is formed by an upwardly projecting section of the insulation 15.
  • a recess 21 is provided in it, in which a sensor coil 22 is located.
  • the recess is closed at the top by a disk 23 made of a temperature-resistant insulating material which is firmer than the insulating material 15 and which is supported on the underside of the glass ceramic plate 12.
  • the coil 22 is therefore in a room shielded from direct heat radiation from the radiators.
  • the also electrically insulating disk 23 ensures that contact with live parts is excluded, since glass ceramic becomes conductive at operating temperatures. It also protects the edges of the central zone from damage.
  • the coil is thus closely below the glass ceramic plate and is closer to it than the heating resistors 18 and also at a central point.
  • Fig. 2 differs from Fig. 1 only in that there Insulation 15 of the radiant heater 13 has a bowl or shell shape without a protruding central zone.
  • the sensor coil 22 extends all the way around the radiant heater and is arranged in a circumferential groove 24 provided from the outside in the upper part of the edge 16 of the insulation.
  • An annular disk 23 is inserted between the glass ceramic plate 12 and the rim 16 and has a mechanical and electrical protective function.
  • the groove could also be an angular edge recess, ie without the interposition of part of the insulating body 15 between the coil and the disk.
  • the coil is protected against direct exposure to the radiant heating. Nevertheless, there are considerable temperatures.
  • the coil is made of a material that, including its insulation, is resistant to over 1300 K (approx. 1000 degrees C). It is preferably a chromium-nickel alloy of the type Ni Cr 7030. It is electrically insulated by oxidation of its outer surface. However, this material has a very high electrical resistance. It can therefore have only a few revolving turns, in particular in the case of an embodiment according to FIG. 2. Because of the lack of a ferromagnetic coil core, the coil quality is therefore low. After all, this material enables use directly in the area of the heating zone, possibly even closer to the heating resistors or between them and the glass ceramic plate.
  • the coil 22 is the sensor of a device for recognizing a cooking vessel 25 set up in the heating zone, which also includes objects to be heated, roasting, heating or other vessels.
  • the sensor responds to such cooking vessels if they are off a material that changes its inductance (ferromagnetic material) or contain it.
  • the pan detection system is explained with reference to FIG. 3.
  • the sensor coil 22 generates an output signal in the form of an inductance change when there is a change in the induction of its surroundings caused by the installation of a cooking vessel 25. It is part of an oscillating circuit whose remaining parts, for example a capacitance, are contained in a signal input element 26.
  • the signal is then converted into a square wave signal in a signal converter 27, i.e. a square wave frequency is produced from the sinusoidal oscillation frequency, which is more suitable for further digital processing.
  • the subsequent frequency measuring device 28 the number of pulses of the square-wave signal and thus a number representing an oscillation frequency is determined and stored via a specific gate time specified by a timer 29.
  • This pulse number which is dependent on the sensor frequency, is fed to a difference-forming device 30, where it is compared with a corresponding comparison number, which comes from a comparison number memory and is formed there, as described later.
  • a signal corresponding to the resulting difference is sent to a logic logic 32, including the sign of the difference.
  • the logic logic 32 also contains a memory for a target distance or threshold value, below which an output signal is given to the switching means 33, possibly via a control or control device 34 explained later.
  • a target distance or threshold value below which an output signal is given to the switching means 33, possibly via a control or control device 34 explained later.
  • the comparison number which is stored in the memory 31, is the respective actual value, i.e. the number corresponding to the sensor frequency, adapted or tracked. With the aim of obtaining a certain target distance or a target difference. For this purpose, if the actual value and thus the difference value change, a certain amount is added or subtracted from the comparison number in the memory 31 per cycle (gate time interval) via an adaptation device 35 (depending on the +/- sign in the memory of the logic logic 32). The comparison number is thereby adjusted in the direction of the actual value, i.e. tracked until the differential setpoint is reached. As a result, the same response threshold is always achieved regardless of the absolute size of the signal present.
  • the described switching means belong to the evaluation means 40, as symbolized in FIG. 3 by the dashed frame. In the exemplary embodiment, most work digitally. They can be part of a microcontroller 41 or microcomputer, including the regulating or control device 34.
  • the individual devices and elements described for explanation in FIG. 3 are not physically contained therein, but are replaced by appropriate programming in order to carry out the functions described. This also applies to the function of the regulating or control device 34, which also carries out the switching on / off also functions such as power setting, temperature, monitoring and or regulation etc. It also receives an output signal from the evaluation means 40, possibly signals from a code transmitter 42, which e.g.
  • the switching means 33 switch the voltage of the household network 45 to the heating resistors 18 on the high current side and can contain a mechanical relay or corresponding electronic components.
  • the resonant circuit containing the sensor coil 22 is in operation. It generates its specific frequency, which leads to the frequency measuring and storage device determining a specific number of pulses during the gate time.
  • the associated comparison number from the comparison number memory 31 is a predetermined difference value away from it.
  • the inductance of the oscillating circuits operated at a relatively high frequency of, for example, 100 kHz to 1 mHz changes when the cooking vessel is put on
  • the actual number also changes, which is determined by the frequency measuring device during the gate time and is supplied to the difference 30. If this exceeds the threshold value, then in the logic logic 32 there is a zero crossing in the manner described above, and a positive output signal is generated, for example, which switches on the heating 18 via the control unit 34 and the switching means 33.
  • a gradual, relatively slow adaptation of the comparison value to the current actual values is now carried out per cycle via the adaptation device 35. If, for example, a very strongly ferromagnetic pot has been used which has caused a large change in inductance, the setpoint distance may not be reached within a predetermined time set by the timer 36, so that the jump device 37 makes an abrupt adjustment by changing the comparison value to the specified inch distance from the actual value is set. This means that even after a relatively short time, the evaluation device is again able to respond even to smaller changes in inductance, for example after a strongly ferromagnetic pot has been removed by placing a little ferromagnetic pot on it.
  • the inductance properties of the sensor coil 22 change greatly as a result of heat and other environmental influences.
  • the high-temperature-resistant trace material has a strongly positive resistance characteristic, which leads to a significant drift in the inductance values without spatial changes in the cooking pot / heating zone assignment leads. Since these changes in the absolute values are significant, but take place over a period of time that differs significantly from the placement or removal of a pot, the adjustment of the comparison value via the adjustment device 35 can easily follow this change and set the respective threshold value interval again without that the evaluation unit is triggered. It only reacts to changes that occur faster than the adaptation, so that the sensitivity of the device can also be predetermined via the adaptation speed.
  • the evaluation means also contain a temporary switch-off device 50 which was actuated by the user, for example via a push button 51. With it, the user can deactivate the evaluation device for a time specified by a timer 53 in its effect on the switching means 33, for example if he wants to cook with a glass ceramic tableware.
  • the schematic circuit diagram indicates that the output signal of the logic logic 32 is suppressed.
  • This switch-off device could, however, also be implemented in another way, for example by switching off the entire evaluation device, by bridging the switching means 33 or the like on the high current side. However, it is important that after a certain time (timer 53) this switch-off of the pot detection is canceled again is going to automatic pot detection and thus to restart the advantageous function and safety effect.
  • Manual control can also be carried out using a conventional on / off switch, which is automatically reset after the given time. Since the automatic pot detection can not only lead to increased operational reliability, but also to considerable energy savings, it is not only very suitable for domestic stoves, but above all also for commercial kitchens. There, the usual running through of the cooking appliances is avoided throughout the day and, in conjunction with a low-capacity heating, the same result is achieved without delay for the cook. An additional advantage is the lower heat development and thus improved working conditions for the kitchen staff.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)
  • Electric Ovens (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Control Of High-Frequency Heating Circuits (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Dispositif de détection d'un récipient (25) placé dans une zone de chauffage (20) d'un appareil de cuisson ou de réchauffage (11), avec un capteur (22) qui délivre un signal de détection se modifiant lors de la pose ou de l'enlèvement du récipient, et avec des moyens d'interprétation (40) qui délivrent un signal de sortie en fonction du signal de détection, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'interprétation (40) produisent le signal de sortie en fonction de la vitesse de modification du signal de détection.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le capteur (22) est un capteur inductif qui est disposé dans la zone de chauffage (20) ou au voisinage immédiat de cette zone, de préférence sur le dessous d'une plaque (12), telle qu'une plaque en vitrocéramique, qui constitue la surface de cuisson de l'appareil de cuisson ou de réchauffage (11), le capteur (22) étant de préférence disposé sur une partie d'un corps isolant (15) résistant à la chaleur, telle que la bordure (16) ou une partie saillante centrale (19) d'une enveloppe isolante d'un corps chauffant à rayonnement (13), et notamment dans un évidement (21, 24) du corps isolant.
  3. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le capteur (22) est une bobine sans noyau ferromagnétique et avec seulement quelques spires, qui est constituée d'un matériau résistant aux températures élevées, notamment d'un matériau de conducteur chauffant rendu électriquement isolant par oxydation, tel qu'un alliage de chrome-nickel.
  4. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le capteur (22) fait partie d'un circuit oscillant dont la fréquence d'oscillation varie en fonction de l'influence de l'inductance du capteur.
  5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'interprétation travaillent de façon analogique et comprennent éventuellement une différenciation du signal de détection.
  6. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'interprétation (40) travaillent de façon numérique.
  7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'interprétation (40) présentent des moyens de comparaison (30, 32) pour comparer à une valeur de référence une valeur dépendante de la fréquence du circuit oscillant du capteur, et des moyens d'adaptation (35, 37) pour modifier la valeur de référence en direction de la valeur dépendante du capteur jusqu'à l'atteinte d'une valeur de seuil prédéterminée de différence, les moyens d'adaptation (35, 37) modifiant de préférence la valeur de référence en fonction du temps, notamment avec une vitesse de modification fonction du montant de la différence entre la valeur dépendante du capteur et la valeur de référence, les moyens d'adaptation (35, 37) commençant avantageusement avec une vitesse de modification constante, puis effectuant une adaptation discontinue si la valeur de seuil de différence n'est pas atteinte en un temps alloué.
  8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que des moyens de commutation (33) sont prévus, qui mettent en marche ou arrêtent l'appareil de cuisson ou de réchauffage (11), ou encore modifient son état de fonctionnement, en fonction du signal de sortie, et/ou il est prévu un dispositif de déconnexion (50) à actionnement manuel qui autorise, pendant un temps limité, un actionnement de l'appareil de cuisson ou de réchauffage (11) indépendant de la détection.
  9. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'une unité (34) de commande ou de régulation pour des états de fonctionnement de l'appareil de cuisson ou de réchauffage est associée aux moyens d'interprétation (40).
  10. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'interprétation (40) sont au moins partiellement contenus dans un microprocesseur (41) ou un circuit intégré, qui est de préférence conçu pour exécuter d'autres fonctions de commande et de régulation pour l'appareil de cuisson ou de réchauffage (11).
EP91100507A 1990-02-10 1991-01-17 Dispositif ou détection d'un récipient placé dans une zone de chauffage d'un appareil de cuisson ou de chauffage Expired - Lifetime EP0442275B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4004129 1990-02-10
DE4004129A DE4004129A1 (de) 1990-02-10 1990-02-10 Einrichtung zum erkennen eines in einer heizzone eines koch- oder waermegeraetes aufgestellten kochgefaesses

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0442275A2 EP0442275A2 (fr) 1991-08-21
EP0442275A3 EP0442275A3 (en) 1992-07-08
EP0442275B1 true EP0442275B1 (fr) 1995-05-03

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91100507A Expired - Lifetime EP0442275B1 (fr) 1990-02-10 1991-01-17 Dispositif ou détection d'un récipient placé dans une zone de chauffage d'un appareil de cuisson ou de chauffage

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5296684A (fr)
EP (1) EP0442275B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2901100B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE122197T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4004129A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2071841T3 (fr)

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EP0442275A2 (fr) 1991-08-21
DE4004129A1 (de) 1991-08-14
ATE122197T1 (de) 1995-05-15
US5296684A (en) 1994-03-22
ES2071841T3 (es) 1995-07-01
EP0442275A3 (en) 1992-07-08
DE59105341D1 (de) 1995-06-08
JPH04227212A (ja) 1992-08-17
JP2901100B2 (ja) 1999-06-02

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