EP0438029B1 - Dispositif à percussion - Google Patents

Dispositif à percussion Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0438029B1
EP0438029B1 EP90810866A EP90810866A EP0438029B1 EP 0438029 B1 EP0438029 B1 EP 0438029B1 EP 90810866 A EP90810866 A EP 90810866A EP 90810866 A EP90810866 A EP 90810866A EP 0438029 B1 EP0438029 B1 EP 0438029B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
percussion
piston
cushion
drive
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90810866A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0438029A1 (fr
Inventor
Josef Erlach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sulzer AG
Original Assignee
Sulzer AG
Gebrueder Sulzer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sulzer AG, Gebrueder Sulzer AG filed Critical Sulzer AG
Priority to AT90810866T priority Critical patent/ATE98547T1/de
Publication of EP0438029A1 publication Critical patent/EP0438029A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0438029B1 publication Critical patent/EP0438029B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D11/00—Portable percussive tools with electromotor or other motor drive
    • B25D11/06—Means for driving the impulse member
    • B25D11/12—Means for driving the impulse member comprising a crank mechanism
    • B25D11/125—Means for driving the impulse member comprising a crank mechanism with a fluid cushion between the crank drive and the striking body

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a percussion device with a drive piston actuated via a crank mechanism, which drives a free-flying percussion piston, which is mounted between air cushions and which has a piston rod designed as a bear, via the compression of an air cushion.
  • Striking devices of this type are used for hand-held or hammer-guided drilling and striking tools.
  • DE 21 55 689, DE 28 54 569, DE 28 32 169, DE 20 23 913, DE 24 61 662, DE 26 41 070, DE 22 07 962 and DE 31 21 616 striking devices are shown which have an air cushion Drive the percussion piston that strikes a tool or a tool holder.
  • DE 28 32 169 a stepped percussion piston and a drive piston actuated by a crank drive run in a common cylinder. Due to the oscillating drive piston, the percussion piston is pushed out of phase over the intermediate air cushion or. sucked.
  • the percussion piston When idling, the percussion piston is in the foremost rest position, since on the one hand the front cylinder space is vented via front bores and on the other hand that between the Air cushions lying on the piston are vented to the atmosphere through middle holes and therefore no large pressure fluctuations can be generated by the drive piston. Only by inserting a tool shank is the percussion piston moved so far against the drive piston that the middle bores are covered and a pressure cushion or. can build up suction between the two pistons. The pressure increase achieved by the middle position is used to increase the speed from idle speed to load speed in order to deliver a greater impact performance. Since the reference pressure upstream of the percussion piston is essentially atmospheric, the return forces for the percussion piston are limited. There are small strokes for the percussion piston and correspondingly little transmission of work during the forward movement.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a further transmission system for a striking device which, by clever arrangement, has a large size Striking performance with low transmission losses and with a small space required. According to the invention, the object is achieved with the features of independent claim 1.
  • the advantages of the invention lie in the fact that the system inevitably exhibits an irreversible behavior of its air springs during a stroke cycle, in that whenever a piston has reached a certain desired position, part of the air cushion present is effective as a working memory on the opposite side and there the compression increases very quickly compared to the piston movement. This leads to a high impact frequency and small dimensions. The impact performance is increased without reducing the tool life. In addition, there is an air circulation along the moving parts, which when oil mist, e.g. by suction with the backing pump from the crankcase, which solves the lubrication problem.
  • the figures show a percussion device with a drive piston 6 actuated by a crank mechanism, which drives a free-flying percussion piston 11, which is mounted between air cushions 10, 20 and which has a piston rod 12 designed as a bear, via the compression of an air cushion.
  • At least the shock cushion 10 driving in the impact direction 13 can be charged via a backing pump, which is coupled to the crank mechanism 2.
  • part of the shock cushion 10 is via a central bypass 19 past the impact piston 11 past a rebound cushion 20. that acts against the impact direction 13 on the percussion piston 11, can be fed, and the amount of air outlet for shock pads 10 and recoil pads 20 can be controlled through a center air outlet 14 via the path of the impact piston 11.
  • a free-flying percussion piston 11 and a drive piston 6 with the same diameter are guided in a cylinder 1 and sealed with soft seals 7 on the piston skirt and on the piston rods 12, 18.
  • a pin 5 transmits the movement of a crank mechanism 2 which, with a crank in the direction of rotation 4, a crank path 3 with top dead center 21 and passes through bottom dead center 22.
  • the piston rod 18 has bores 9 which, when passing through the top dead center 21, connect the annular space delimited by the annular piston surface 8 to the crank chamber or the atmosphere. After passing through the top dead center 21, the annular space of the annular piston surface 8 is inevitably closed and the air cushion contained is compressed on the way to bottom dead center from ambient pressure to several atmospheres.
  • the percussion piston 11 has approximately reached its greatest kinetic energy, is located shortly before it hits the tool holder 15 and spatially seen between the connection openings of a center bypass 19, which, depending on the path of the percussion piston 11, connects the shock cushion 10 and the rebound cushion 20 manufactures.
  • the recoil pad 20 is additionally charged to a higher pressure in order to achieve a stronger spring action for reversing the percussion piston 11 after the impact on the tool holder 15.
  • the percussion piston 11 strikes the tool holder 15. By closing the connection opening of the center bypass 19 on the side of the rebound cushion 20 by the percussion piston 11, the latter simultaneously opened the center air outlet 14 for the shock cushion 10.
  • the shock cushion 10 discharges and improves the balance of forces on the percussion piston 11 in favor of a rapid reversal of movement against the direction of impact 13.
  • the completed rebound cushion 20 is further compressed until the kinetic energy of the percussion piston 11 is used up and a reversal of movement takes place.
  • the spring action of the rebound cushion 20 and the pressure in the space between the piston rod 12 and the tool holder 15 bring the percussion piston 11 back into the starting situation according to FIG. 1A.
  • the reversal of movement must be carried out in idle mode without striking.
  • the kinetic energy of the percussion piston 11 is significantly higher in the striking direction 13 without the delivery of the percussion.
  • the enclosed rebound cushion 20 is compressed to a much greater extent until the percussion piston 11 has reached a reversal point which, as shown in FIG. Without the additional charging of the recoil cushion 20 via the center bypass 19 shown in FIG. 1D, the reversal point would be so close to the cylinder cover 16 that contact shocks could occur.
  • the spring action of this rebound cushion is far too great if it can develop over the entire return path of the percussion piston 11.
  • the percussion piston 11 is bridged before reaching the reversal point with an idle bypass 17 whose flow resistance is adjustable, which allows a partial relaxation of the recoil cushion 20 to the shock cushion 10, as long as each of the two connection openings from the idle bypass 17 to the cylinder jacket surface is connected to another air cushion.
  • the pressure curve in the shock cushion 10 and the rebound cushion 20 depends on the path of the impact piston 11 and can be repeated within narrow limits.
  • the bypasses 17, 19, 23 and the center air outlet 14 each have an adjustable smallest cross section with which the throttle effect is fine-tuned.
  • a particular area of application is in mining when drilling explosive holes with hand-operated rotary hammers.
  • the required percussion performance is so high in comparison to manual drilling machines that the size dimensioning mentioned at the beginning with the masses growing faster than the pressure forces proves to be a limit, unless other means for increasing the pressure forces are used as in the present invention.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Physical Deposition Of Substances That Are Components Of Semiconductor Devices (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Dispositif de percussion comprenant un piston de commande (6) actionné par une transmission à manivelle (2) et commandant au moyen de la compression d'un coussin d'air un piston libre de percussion (11) qui est monté entre des coussins d'air (10, 20) et qui comporte une tige de piston (12) conformée en mouton, une partie du coussin de poussée (10) pouvant être dirigée, en fonction de la course de percussion du piston correspondant (11) et au moyen d'une dérivation médiane (19) contournant le piston de percussion (11), sur un coussin de rappel (20) qui agit sur le piston de percussion (11) dans le sens inverse au sens (13) de percussion, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins le coussin de poussée (10) qui est moteur dans le sens de percussion (13) peut être chargé au moyen d'une pompe préliminaire qui est accouplée à la transmission à manivelle (2) et en ce que le débit de sortie d'air du coussin de poussée (10) et du coussin de rappel (20) par une sortie médiane d'air (14) est commandé par la course du piston de percussion (11).
  2. Dispositif de percussion selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le piston de commande (6) et le piston de percussion (11) ont le même diamètre et se déplacent dans un cylindre commun (1).
  3. Dispositif de percussion selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'une partie du coussin de rappel (20) peut être dirigée par une dérivation de marche à vide (17) sur le coussin de poussée (10) en fonction de la course de percussion en cas de surlongueur de la course de percussion du piston correspondant (11) lorsque celui-ci ne rencontre aucune résistance.
  4. Dispositif de percussion selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les conduits de dérivation (17, 19) et la sortie médiane d'air (14) offrent des résistances réglables à la circulation.
  5. Dispositif de percussion selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le piston de commande (6) comporte une surface annulaire arrière (8) qui constitue une pompe préliminaire qui aspire de l'air de manière contrôlée et en fonction de la course du piston de commande (6) par des trous d'entrée (9) pendant que la transmission à manivelle (2) atteint le point mort supérieur (21) et qui l'envoie après compression au coussin de poussée (10) par une dérivation de position extrême (23) qui contourne le piston de commande pendant que le point mort inférieur (22) est atteint.
  6. Dispositif de percussion selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les trous aboutissant aux dérivations (17, 19) et le trou de sortie (14) sont commandés par l'effet de tiroir entre cylindre (1) et l'enveloppe du piston de percussion (11), en ce que le trou aboutissant à la dérivation de position extrême (23) est commandé par l'effet de tiroir entre le cylindre (1) et l'enveloppe du piston de commande (6) et en ce que les trous d'entrée (9) sont commandés par l'effet de tiroir entre la tige (18) du piston de commande (6) et la surface complémentaire qui en assure l'étanchéité.
  7. Utilisation d'un dispositif de percussion selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6 dans un marteau-piqueur guidé à la main ou guidé sur affût dans l'industrie minière.
EP90810866A 1990-01-15 1990-11-12 Dispositif à percussion Expired - Lifetime EP0438029B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90810866T ATE98547T1 (de) 1990-01-15 1990-11-12 Schlageinrichtung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH120/90 1990-01-15
CH12090 1990-01-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0438029A1 EP0438029A1 (fr) 1991-07-24
EP0438029B1 true EP0438029B1 (fr) 1993-12-15

Family

ID=4179709

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90810866A Expired - Lifetime EP0438029B1 (fr) 1990-01-15 1990-11-12 Dispositif à percussion

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5161623A (fr)
EP (1) EP0438029B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH04217472A (fr)
AT (1) ATE98547T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU632652B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2033848C (fr)
DE (1) DE59003889D1 (fr)
FI (1) FI94036C (fr)
ZA (1) ZA908924B (fr)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19728729C2 (de) * 1997-07-04 2000-11-09 Wacker Werke Kg Luftfeder-Schlagwerk mit Luftausgleich
DE19828426C2 (de) * 1998-06-25 2003-04-03 Wacker Werke Kg Antriebskolben mit geringer Wandstärke für ein Luftfederschlagwerk
DE19843642B4 (de) * 1998-09-23 2004-03-25 Wacker Construction Equipment Ag Luftfederschlagwerk mit Rückholluftfeder
DE10145464C2 (de) * 2001-09-14 2003-08-28 Wacker Construction Equipment Bohr- und/oder Schlaghammer mit anpressdruckabhängiger Leerlaufsteuerung
GB0428210D0 (en) * 2004-12-23 2005-01-26 Black & Decker Inc Mode change mechanism
DE102005019711A1 (de) * 2005-04-28 2006-11-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Handwerkzeugmaschinenschlagwerkeinheit
DE102012206452A1 (de) * 2012-04-19 2013-10-24 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Handwerkzeugmaschine und Steuerungsverfahren
DE102012206445A1 (de) * 2012-04-19 2013-10-24 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Werkzeugmaschine
EP2871028A1 (fr) * 2013-11-11 2015-05-13 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Machine-outil manuelle
EP3181298A1 (fr) * 2015-12-15 2017-06-21 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Machine-outil a percussion
CN213259295U (zh) 2017-10-20 2021-05-25 米沃奇电动工具公司 用于通过凿子在工件上执行开凿操作的冲击工具
US11059155B2 (en) 2018-01-26 2021-07-13 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation Percussion tool
CN116494185B (zh) * 2023-05-29 2023-10-20 浙江德硕科技股份有限公司 一种带防尘和冷却功能的电镐

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1093302A (en) * 1910-03-01 1914-04-14 Pneumelectric Machine Company Pressure-developing pneumatic tool.
US1891411A (en) * 1928-02-24 1932-12-20 Cleveland Rock Drill Co Percussive drill
US1827877A (en) * 1929-03-06 1931-10-20 John H Meeker Power hammer
US1881886A (en) * 1931-04-06 1932-10-11 Independent Pneumatic Tool Co Valve construction for pneumatic tools
US2426409A (en) * 1944-03-31 1947-08-26 Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co Distributing valve for percussive tools
US3114421A (en) * 1960-04-04 1963-12-17 Skil Corp Pneumatic system for a rotary hammer device
DE2023913B2 (de) * 1970-05-15 1978-11-02 Hilti Ag, Schaan (Liechtenstein) Elektropneumatischer Bohrhammer
SE393940B (sv) * 1973-12-31 1977-05-31 Atlas Copco Ab Forfarande for dempning av en i ett slagverk ingaende slagkolvs rorelse samt slagverk for genomforande av forfarandet
DE2832169A1 (de) * 1978-07-21 1980-01-31 Hilti Ag Motorisch betriebener bohrhammer
DE2854569A1 (de) * 1978-12-18 1980-06-26 Hilti Ag Bohr- und meisselhammer
DE2854953C2 (de) * 1978-12-20 1982-11-18 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Bohrhammer
CH649604A5 (en) * 1980-07-11 1985-05-31 Vni I Pk I Percussive machine
DE3539030A1 (de) * 1985-11-02 1987-05-07 Hilti Ag Bohrhammer mit pneumatisch angetriebenem schlagkolben
US4823886A (en) * 1988-04-29 1989-04-25 Vladimir Pyatov Vacuum-compression type percussion power tool

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5161623A (en) 1992-11-10
FI94036B (fi) 1995-03-31
FI906465A0 (fi) 1990-12-31
ATE98547T1 (de) 1994-01-15
JPH04217472A (ja) 1992-08-07
FI906465A (fi) 1991-07-16
CA2033848C (fr) 2000-08-15
ZA908924B (en) 1991-08-28
CA2033848A1 (fr) 1991-07-16
DE59003889D1 (de) 1994-01-27
FI94036C (fi) 1995-07-10
AU632652B2 (en) 1993-01-07
EP0438029A1 (fr) 1991-07-24
AU6933491A (en) 1991-07-18

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