EP0438029B1 - Percussive device - Google Patents

Percussive device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0438029B1
EP0438029B1 EP90810866A EP90810866A EP0438029B1 EP 0438029 B1 EP0438029 B1 EP 0438029B1 EP 90810866 A EP90810866 A EP 90810866A EP 90810866 A EP90810866 A EP 90810866A EP 0438029 B1 EP0438029 B1 EP 0438029B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
percussion
piston
cushion
drive
air
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP90810866A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0438029A1 (en
Inventor
Josef Erlach
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Sulzer AG
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Sulzer AG
Gebrueder Sulzer AG
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Priority to AT90810866T priority Critical patent/ATE98547T1/en
Publication of EP0438029A1 publication Critical patent/EP0438029A1/en
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Publication of EP0438029B1 publication Critical patent/EP0438029B1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25DPERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D11/00Portable percussive tools with electromotor or other motor drive
    • B25D11/06Means for driving the impulse member
    • B25D11/12Means for driving the impulse member comprising a crank mechanism
    • B25D11/125Means for driving the impulse member comprising a crank mechanism with a fluid cushion between the crank drive and the striking body

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a percussion device with a drive piston actuated via a crank mechanism, which drives a free-flying percussion piston, which is mounted between air cushions and which has a piston rod designed as a bear, via the compression of an air cushion.
  • Striking devices of this type are used for hand-held or hammer-guided drilling and striking tools.
  • DE 21 55 689, DE 28 54 569, DE 28 32 169, DE 20 23 913, DE 24 61 662, DE 26 41 070, DE 22 07 962 and DE 31 21 616 striking devices are shown which have an air cushion Drive the percussion piston that strikes a tool or a tool holder.
  • DE 28 32 169 a stepped percussion piston and a drive piston actuated by a crank drive run in a common cylinder. Due to the oscillating drive piston, the percussion piston is pushed out of phase over the intermediate air cushion or. sucked.
  • the percussion piston When idling, the percussion piston is in the foremost rest position, since on the one hand the front cylinder space is vented via front bores and on the other hand that between the Air cushions lying on the piston are vented to the atmosphere through middle holes and therefore no large pressure fluctuations can be generated by the drive piston. Only by inserting a tool shank is the percussion piston moved so far against the drive piston that the middle bores are covered and a pressure cushion or. can build up suction between the two pistons. The pressure increase achieved by the middle position is used to increase the speed from idle speed to load speed in order to deliver a greater impact performance. Since the reference pressure upstream of the percussion piston is essentially atmospheric, the return forces for the percussion piston are limited. There are small strokes for the percussion piston and correspondingly little transmission of work during the forward movement.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a further transmission system for a striking device which, by clever arrangement, has a large size Striking performance with low transmission losses and with a small space required. According to the invention, the object is achieved with the features of independent claim 1.
  • the advantages of the invention lie in the fact that the system inevitably exhibits an irreversible behavior of its air springs during a stroke cycle, in that whenever a piston has reached a certain desired position, part of the air cushion present is effective as a working memory on the opposite side and there the compression increases very quickly compared to the piston movement. This leads to a high impact frequency and small dimensions. The impact performance is increased without reducing the tool life. In addition, there is an air circulation along the moving parts, which when oil mist, e.g. by suction with the backing pump from the crankcase, which solves the lubrication problem.
  • the figures show a percussion device with a drive piston 6 actuated by a crank mechanism, which drives a free-flying percussion piston 11, which is mounted between air cushions 10, 20 and which has a piston rod 12 designed as a bear, via the compression of an air cushion.
  • At least the shock cushion 10 driving in the impact direction 13 can be charged via a backing pump, which is coupled to the crank mechanism 2.
  • part of the shock cushion 10 is via a central bypass 19 past the impact piston 11 past a rebound cushion 20. that acts against the impact direction 13 on the percussion piston 11, can be fed, and the amount of air outlet for shock pads 10 and recoil pads 20 can be controlled through a center air outlet 14 via the path of the impact piston 11.
  • a free-flying percussion piston 11 and a drive piston 6 with the same diameter are guided in a cylinder 1 and sealed with soft seals 7 on the piston skirt and on the piston rods 12, 18.
  • a pin 5 transmits the movement of a crank mechanism 2 which, with a crank in the direction of rotation 4, a crank path 3 with top dead center 21 and passes through bottom dead center 22.
  • the piston rod 18 has bores 9 which, when passing through the top dead center 21, connect the annular space delimited by the annular piston surface 8 to the crank chamber or the atmosphere. After passing through the top dead center 21, the annular space of the annular piston surface 8 is inevitably closed and the air cushion contained is compressed on the way to bottom dead center from ambient pressure to several atmospheres.
  • the percussion piston 11 has approximately reached its greatest kinetic energy, is located shortly before it hits the tool holder 15 and spatially seen between the connection openings of a center bypass 19, which, depending on the path of the percussion piston 11, connects the shock cushion 10 and the rebound cushion 20 manufactures.
  • the recoil pad 20 is additionally charged to a higher pressure in order to achieve a stronger spring action for reversing the percussion piston 11 after the impact on the tool holder 15.
  • the percussion piston 11 strikes the tool holder 15. By closing the connection opening of the center bypass 19 on the side of the rebound cushion 20 by the percussion piston 11, the latter simultaneously opened the center air outlet 14 for the shock cushion 10.
  • the shock cushion 10 discharges and improves the balance of forces on the percussion piston 11 in favor of a rapid reversal of movement against the direction of impact 13.
  • the completed rebound cushion 20 is further compressed until the kinetic energy of the percussion piston 11 is used up and a reversal of movement takes place.
  • the spring action of the rebound cushion 20 and the pressure in the space between the piston rod 12 and the tool holder 15 bring the percussion piston 11 back into the starting situation according to FIG. 1A.
  • the reversal of movement must be carried out in idle mode without striking.
  • the kinetic energy of the percussion piston 11 is significantly higher in the striking direction 13 without the delivery of the percussion.
  • the enclosed rebound cushion 20 is compressed to a much greater extent until the percussion piston 11 has reached a reversal point which, as shown in FIG. Without the additional charging of the recoil cushion 20 via the center bypass 19 shown in FIG. 1D, the reversal point would be so close to the cylinder cover 16 that contact shocks could occur.
  • the spring action of this rebound cushion is far too great if it can develop over the entire return path of the percussion piston 11.
  • the percussion piston 11 is bridged before reaching the reversal point with an idle bypass 17 whose flow resistance is adjustable, which allows a partial relaxation of the recoil cushion 20 to the shock cushion 10, as long as each of the two connection openings from the idle bypass 17 to the cylinder jacket surface is connected to another air cushion.
  • the pressure curve in the shock cushion 10 and the rebound cushion 20 depends on the path of the impact piston 11 and can be repeated within narrow limits.
  • the bypasses 17, 19, 23 and the center air outlet 14 each have an adjustable smallest cross section with which the throttle effect is fine-tuned.
  • a particular area of application is in mining when drilling explosive holes with hand-operated rotary hammers.
  • the required percussion performance is so high in comparison to manual drilling machines that the size dimensioning mentioned at the beginning with the masses growing faster than the pressure forces proves to be a limit, unless other means for increasing the pressure forces are used as in the present invention.

Abstract

The invention relates to a drive piston (6) which is actuated via a crank mechanism (2) and, by compression of an air cushion, drives an open percussion piston (11), which is mounted between air cushions (10, 20) and has a piston rod (12) designed as a striker. An impact cushion (10) driving in the percussion direction (13) is charged via a fore-pump which is coupled to the crank mechanism. Depending on the percussion path of the percussion piston, the air cushions are reversed such that in each case a partial quantity is passed around the percussion piston onto the opposite side in order to achieve, as a result of this charging, a greater spring rigidity than is possible with the original chamber volume. Higher percussion frequencies are possible and the chambers are rinsed, thereby facilitating lubrication. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung handelt von einer Schlageinrichtung mit einem über Kurbeltrieb betätigten Antriebskolben, der über die Verdichtung eines Luftpolsters einen freifliegenden Schlagkolben, welcher zwischen Luftpolstern gelagert ist und welcher eine als Bär ausgebildete Kolbenstange aufweist, antreibt.The invention relates to a percussion device with a drive piston actuated via a crank mechanism, which drives a free-flying percussion piston, which is mounted between air cushions and which has a piston rod designed as a bear, via the compression of an air cushion.

Schlageinrichtungen dieser Art werden für handgeführte oder auf Lafetten geführte Bohr- und Schlagwerkzeuge eingesetzt. In den Patentschriften DE 21 55 689, DE 28 54 569, DE 28 32 169, DE 20 23 913, DE 24 61 662, DE 26 41 070, DE 22 07 962 und DE 31 21 616 sind Schlageinrichtungen gezeigt, die über Luftpolster einen Schlagkolben antreiben, der auf ein Werkzeug oder einen Werkzeughalter schlägt. In der Patentschrift DE 28 32 169 laufen ein abgesetzter Schlagkolben und ein über Kurbeltrieb betätigter Antriebskolben in einem gemeinsamen Zylinder. Durch den oszillierenden Antriebskolben wird der Schlagkolben phasenverschoben über das dazwischenliegende Luftpolster weggestossen resp. angesogen. Im Leerlauf befindet sich der Schlagkolben in der vordersten Ruhelage, da einerseits der vordere Zylinderraum über vordere Bohrungen entlüftet ist und andererseits das zwischen den Kolben liegende Luftpolster über mittlere Bohrungen gegen Atmosphäre entlüftet ist und somit keine grossen Druckschwankungen durch den Antriebskolben erzeugt werden können. Erst durch das Einschieben eines Werkzeugschaftes wird der Schlagkolben soweit gegen den Antriebskolben verschoben, dass die mittleren Bohrungen abgedeckt sind und sich ein Druckpolster resp. eine Saugwirkung zwischen den beiden Kolben aufbauen kann. Der durch die Mittelstellung erreichte Druckanstieg wird zum Erhöhen der Drehzahl von Leerlaufdrehzahl auf Lastdrehzahl benutzt, um eine grössere Schlagleistung abzugeben. Da der Referenzdruck vor dem Schlagkolben im wesentlichen Atmosphärendruck ist, sind die Rückholkräfte für den Schlagkolben beschränkt. Es ergeben sich kleine Hübe für den Schlagkolben und bei der Vorwärtsbewegung entsprechend geringe Uebertragung von Arbeit.Striking devices of this type are used for hand-held or hammer-guided drilling and striking tools. In the patents DE 21 55 689, DE 28 54 569, DE 28 32 169, DE 20 23 913, DE 24 61 662, DE 26 41 070, DE 22 07 962 and DE 31 21 616, striking devices are shown which have an air cushion Drive the percussion piston that strikes a tool or a tool holder. In the patent specification DE 28 32 169 a stepped percussion piston and a drive piston actuated by a crank drive run in a common cylinder. Due to the oscillating drive piston, the percussion piston is pushed out of phase over the intermediate air cushion or. sucked. When idling, the percussion piston is in the foremost rest position, since on the one hand the front cylinder space is vented via front bores and on the other hand that between the Air cushions lying on the piston are vented to the atmosphere through middle holes and therefore no large pressure fluctuations can be generated by the drive piston. Only by inserting a tool shank is the percussion piston moved so far against the drive piston that the middle bores are covered and a pressure cushion or. can build up suction between the two pistons. The pressure increase achieved by the middle position is used to increase the speed from idle speed to load speed in order to deliver a greater impact performance. Since the reference pressure upstream of the percussion piston is essentially atmospheric, the return forces for the percussion piston are limited. There are small strokes for the percussion piston and correspondingly little transmission of work during the forward movement.

Allgemein stellt man bei der Dimensionierung solcher Systeme auf der einen Seite fest, dass das nicht lineare Federverhalten und die Speicherwirkung von Luftpolstern Vorteile in sich birgt, indem die übertragbare Kraft hoch ansteigen kann bevor mechanische Berührung über das Polster in den Kolbenflächen stattfindet. Auf der anderen Seite sind der Dimensionierung mit Luftfedern Grenzen gesetzt, da bei geometrisch ähnlichen Anordnungen mit wachsender Dimension die Massen der bewegten Körper wie zum Beispiel der Schlagbären schneller wachsen als die Federkräfte zur Bewegungsübertragung. Die Bemühungen der Hersteller von Schlageinrichtungen laufen darauf hinaus, einem Schlagbär bei einer gewünschten Schlagkadenz möglichst viel kinetische Schlagenergie zu erteilen und die Uebertragungs- und Umsteuerverluste klein zu halten. In diesem Sinn besteht die Aufgabe der Erfindung darin, ein weiteres Uebertragungssystem für eine Schlageinrichtung zu schaffen, das durch geschickte Anordnung eine grosse Schlagleistung mit geringen Uebertragungsverlusten und mit geringem Platzbedarf ermöglicht. Gemäss der Erfindung wird die Aufgabe mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 gelöst.In general, when dimensioning such systems, it is found on the one hand that the non-linear spring behavior and the storage effect of air cushions have advantages in that the transferable force can rise high before mechanical contact via the cushion takes place in the piston surfaces. On the other hand, there are limits to the dimensioning with air springs, because with geometrically similar arrangements with increasing dimensions, the masses of the moving bodies, such as the bear, grow faster than the spring forces for transmitting motion. The efforts of the manufacturers of striking devices amount to giving as much kinetic impact energy as possible to a bear with a desired stroke rate and to keep the transmission and reversal losses small. In this sense, the object of the invention is to provide a further transmission system for a striking device which, by clever arrangement, has a large size Striking performance with low transmission losses and with a small space required. According to the invention, the object is achieved with the features of independent claim 1.

Die Vorteile der Erfindung liegen darin, dass das System während eines Schlagzyklus zwangsweise ein nicht umkehrbares Verhalten seiner Luftfedern aufweist, indem immer dann wenn ein Kolben eine bestimmte Soll-Position erreicht hat, ein Teil des anstehenden Luftpolsters als Arbeitsspeicher auf der Gegenseite wirksam wird und dort im Vergleich zur Kolbenbewegung sehr schnell die Kompression erhöht. Dies führt zu einer hohen Schlagfrequenz und kleinen Abmessungen. Die Schlagleistung wird erhöht, ohne das Standzeitvermögen des Meissels zu verschlechtern. Ausserdem findet eine Luftumwälzung entlang der bewegten Teile statt, die bei Zusetzen von Oelnebel, wie z.B. durch Ansaugen mit der Vorpumpe aus dem Kurbelgehäuse, das Schmierproblem löst. Im Verlauf eines Zyklus werden alle Kammern zur Atmosphäre belüftet, sodass kleine Leckagen kompensiert werden und sich nicht nachteilig auf die Lage des freifliegenden Schlagkolbens auswirken. Dem Kurbeltrieb wird auch während der Rückholbewegung für den Arbeitskolben Arbeit abverlangt, die während der Stossbewegung an den Schlagkolben abgegeben wird.The advantages of the invention lie in the fact that the system inevitably exhibits an irreversible behavior of its air springs during a stroke cycle, in that whenever a piston has reached a certain desired position, part of the air cushion present is effective as a working memory on the opposite side and there the compression increases very quickly compared to the piston movement. This leads to a high impact frequency and small dimensions. The impact performance is increased without reducing the tool life. In addition, there is an air circulation along the moving parts, which when oil mist, e.g. by suction with the backing pump from the crankcase, which solves the lubrication problem. In the course of a cycle, all chambers are vented to the atmosphere so that small leaks are compensated for and do not have a negative effect on the position of the free-flying percussion piston. The crank drive is also required to do work during the return movement for the working piston, which is given to the percussion piston during the pushing movement.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von einem Ausführungsbeispiel beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E:
Im Längsschnitt die schematische Anordnung der Elemente einer Schlageinrichtung während der geführten Stossbewegung eines Antriebskolbens und
Fig. 2:
Im Längsschnitt die schematische Anordnung der Elemente einer Schlageinrichtung mit einem Antriebskolben im Umkehrpunkt, wobei der Schlagkolben im Leerlauf ohne Arbeitsabgabe an ein Werkzeug umgesteuert wird.
The invention is described below using an exemplary embodiment. Show it:
1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E:
In longitudinal section the schematic arrangement of the elements of an impact device during the guided pushing movement of a drive piston and
Fig. 2:
In longitudinal section the schematic arrangement of the elements of a striking device with a drive piston at the reversal point, the striking piston being reversed in idle mode without the need to work on a tool.

Die Figuren zeigen eine Schlageinrichtung mit einem Kurbeltrieb betätigten Antriebskolben 6, der über die Verdichtung eines Luftpolsters einen freifliegenden Schlagkolben 11, welcher zwischen Luftpolstern 10, 20 gelagert ist und welcher eine als Bär ausgebildete Kolbenstange 12 aufweist, antreibt.The figures show a percussion device with a drive piston 6 actuated by a crank mechanism, which drives a free-flying percussion piston 11, which is mounted between air cushions 10, 20 and which has a piston rod 12 designed as a bear, via the compression of an air cushion.

Erfindungsgemäss ist mindestens das in Schlagrichtung 13 treibende Stosspolster 10 über eine Vorpumpe, die mit dem Kurbeltrieb 2 gekoppelt ist, aufladbar, ist abhängig vom Schlagweg des Schlagkolbens 11 ein Teil des Stosspolsters 10 über einen Mitten-Bypass 19 am Schlagkolben 11 vorbei einem Rückstosspolster 20, das entgegen der Schlagrichtung 13 auf den Schlagkolben 11 wirkt, zuführbar, und ist für Stosspolster 10 und Rückstosspolster 20 die Luftauslassmenge durch einen Mitten-Luftauslass 14 über den Weg des Schlagkolbens 11 steuerbar. Die abhängigen Ansprüche 2 bis 6 beziehen sich auf vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.According to the invention, at least the shock cushion 10 driving in the impact direction 13 can be charged via a backing pump, which is coupled to the crank mechanism 2. Depending on the stroke path of the impact piston 11, part of the shock cushion 10 is via a central bypass 19 past the impact piston 11 past a rebound cushion 20. that acts against the impact direction 13 on the percussion piston 11, can be fed, and the amount of air outlet for shock pads 10 and recoil pads 20 can be controlled through a center air outlet 14 via the path of the impact piston 11. The dependent claims 2 to 6 relate to advantageous developments of the invention.

In Fig. 1A sind ein freifliegender Schlagkolben 11 und ein Antriebskolben 6 mit gleichem Durchmesser in einem Zylinder 1 geführt und mit Weichdichtungen 7 am Kolbenmantel und an den Kolbenstangen 12, 18 abgedichtet. Am Antriebskolben 6 überträgt ein Zapfen 5 die Bewegung eines Kurbeltriebs 2, der mit einer Kurbel in Drehrichtung 4 einen Kurbelweg 3 mit oberem Totpunkt 21 und mit unterem Totpunkt 22 durchläuft. Die Kolbenstange 18 weist Bohrungen 9 auf, die beim Durchlaufen des oberen Totpunktes 21 den durch die Ringkolbenfläche 8 begrenzten Ringraum mit dem Kurbelraum oder der Atmosphäre verbinden. Nach dem Durchlaufen des oberen Totpunktes 21 wird der Ringraum der Ringkolbenfläche 8 zwangsläufig verschlossen und das enthaltene Luftpolster wird auf dem Weg zum unteren Totpunkt von Umgebungsdruck auf mehrere Atmosphären verdichtet. Diese Aufladearbeit wird dem Kurbeltrieb während dem Rücklauf vom oberen Totpunkt 21 zum unteren Totpunkt 22 abverlangt. Mit dem Erreichen des unteren Totpunktes 22 wird zwangsläufig die Auslassöffnung vom Endlagen-Bypass 23 zum Stosspolster 10 freigegeben. In der in Fig. 1A gezeichneten Lage bewegt sich der Schlagkolben entgegen der Schlagrichtung 13 und hat bereits einen Mitten-Luftauslass 14 abgedeckt, während das Stosspolster 10 über den Endlagen-Bypass 23 zusätzlich vorverdichtet wird, bis die Auslassöffnung vom Endlagen-Bypass 23 wie in Fig. 1B gezeigt vom geführten Antriebskolben 6 abgedeckt ist.1A, a free-flying percussion piston 11 and a drive piston 6 with the same diameter are guided in a cylinder 1 and sealed with soft seals 7 on the piston skirt and on the piston rods 12, 18. On the drive piston 6, a pin 5 transmits the movement of a crank mechanism 2 which, with a crank in the direction of rotation 4, a crank path 3 with top dead center 21 and passes through bottom dead center 22. The piston rod 18 has bores 9 which, when passing through the top dead center 21, connect the annular space delimited by the annular piston surface 8 to the crank chamber or the atmosphere. After passing through the top dead center 21, the annular space of the annular piston surface 8 is inevitably closed and the air cushion contained is compressed on the way to bottom dead center from ambient pressure to several atmospheres. This charging work is demanded of the crank mechanism during the return from top dead center 21 to bottom dead center 22. When bottom dead center 22 is reached, the outlet opening from end position bypass 23 to shock cushion 10 is inevitably released. In the position shown in FIG. 1A, the percussion piston moves against the direction of impact 13 and has already covered a central air outlet 14, while the shock cushion 10 is additionally precompressed via the end position bypass 23 until the outlet opening from the end position bypass 23 as in FIG 1B shown is covered by the guided drive piston 6.

Durch die zusätzliche Vergrösserung der Dichte im Stosspolster 10 erhält dieses die Wirkung von einem grösseren Arbeitsspeicher, da die durch die gegenläufige Bewegung von Antriebskolben 6 und Schlagkolben 11 fortgesetzte Kompression im Druck-Volumendiagramm (p-V Diagramm) auf einer höheren p. V ≈ konstant - Linie verläuft.The additional increase in density in the shock cushion 10 gives it the effect of a larger working memory, since the compression in the pressure-volume diagram (p-V diagram), which is continued due to the opposite movement of the drive piston 6 and the impact piston 11, is at a higher p. V ≈ constant - line runs.

In der Fig. 1C hat bereits die Bewegungsumkehr des Schlagkolbens 11 in die Schlagrichtung 13 stattgefunden. Der Mitten-Luftauslass 14, der während der Bewegungsumkehr für das Rückstosspolster 20 offen war, ist bereits wieder abgedeckt, der Arbeitskolben 6 hat seine grösste Geschwindigkeit in Schlagrichtung 13 überschritten und das Stosspolster 10 hat ein kleines Volumen angenommen, das aufgrund der Vorverdichtung mit grösser werdendem Abstand zwischen Schlagkolben 11 und Arbeitskolben 6 weniger schnell an Druckkraft verliert. Das Rückstosspolster 20, das vorher über den Mitten-Luftauslass 14 entlüftet wurde, baut ausgehend vom Umgebungsdruck mit forschreitender Verkleinerung einen relativ geringen Gegendruck auf der Ringkolbenfläche des Schlagkolbens 11 auf.1C, the reversal of the movement of the percussion piston 11 in the direction of impact 13 has already taken place. The middle air outlet 14, which was open for the rebound cushion 20 during the reversal of movement, is already covered again, the working piston 6 has exceeded its greatest speed in the direction of impact 13 and the shock cushion 10 has assumed a small volume due to the pre-compression with increasing distance between percussion piston 11 and working piston 6 loses pressure less quickly. The recoil cushion 20, which was previously vented via the center air outlet 14, builds up a relatively low counterpressure on the annular piston surface of the percussion piston 11 starting from the ambient pressure as the reduction progresses.

In Fig. 1D hat der Schlagkolben 11 seine grösste kinetische Energie annähernd erreicht, befindet sich zeitlich gesehen kurz vor dem Aufschlagen auf den Werkzeughalter 15 und räumlich gesehen zwischen den Anschlussöffnungen eines Mitten-Bypasses 19, der abhängig vom Weg des Schlagkolbens 11 eine Verbindung zwischen Stosspolster 10 und dem Rückstosspolster 20 herstellt. Während dieser kurzzeitigen Ueberbrückung wird das Rückstosspolster 20 zusätzlich auf einen höheren Druck aufgeladen, um eine stärkere Federwirkung für das Umsteuern des Schlagkolbens 11 nach der Schlagabgabe auf den Werkzeughalter 15 zu erzielen. In Fig. 1E schlägt der Schlagkolben 11 auf dem Werkzeughalter 15 auf. Mit dem Schliessen der Anschlussöffnung des Mitten-Bypasses 19 auf der Seite vom Rückstosspolster 20 durch den Schlagkolben 11 hat dieser gleichzeitig den Mitten-Luftauslass 14 für das Stosspolster 10 freigegeben. Das Stosspolster 10 entlädt sich und verbessert die Kräftebilanz am Schlagkolben 11 zugunsten einer schnellen Bewegungsumkehr entgegen der Schlagrichtung 13. Das abgeschlossene Rückstosspolster 20 wird weiter komprimiert bis die kinetische Energie des Schlagkolbens 11 aufgezehrt ist und eine Bewegungsumkehr stattfindet. Die Federwirkung des Rückstosspolsters 20 und der Druck im Raum zwischen Kolbenstange 12 und Werkzeughalter 15 bringen den Schlagkolben 11 zurück in die Ausgangssituation gemäss Fig. 1A.In FIG. 1D, the percussion piston 11 has approximately reached its greatest kinetic energy, is located shortly before it hits the tool holder 15 and spatially seen between the connection openings of a center bypass 19, which, depending on the path of the percussion piston 11, connects the shock cushion 10 and the rebound cushion 20 manufactures. During this brief bridging, the recoil pad 20 is additionally charged to a higher pressure in order to achieve a stronger spring action for reversing the percussion piston 11 after the impact on the tool holder 15. In FIG. 1E, the percussion piston 11 strikes the tool holder 15. By closing the connection opening of the center bypass 19 on the side of the rebound cushion 20 by the percussion piston 11, the latter simultaneously opened the center air outlet 14 for the shock cushion 10. The shock cushion 10 discharges and improves the balance of forces on the percussion piston 11 in favor of a rapid reversal of movement against the direction of impact 13. The completed rebound cushion 20 is further compressed until the kinetic energy of the percussion piston 11 is used up and a reversal of movement takes place. The spring action of the rebound cushion 20 and the pressure in the space between the piston rod 12 and the tool holder 15 bring the percussion piston 11 back into the starting situation according to FIG. 1A.

Falls der in Fig. 1E gezeigte Werkzeughalter 15 sich nicht im Schlagbereich des Schlagkolbens 11 befindet, muss die Bewegungsumkehr im Leerlauf ohne Schlagabgabe erfolgen. Die kinetische Energie des Schlagkolbens 11 ist ohne Schlagabgabe wesentlich höher in Schlagrichtung 13. Das eingeschlossene Rückstosspolster 20 wird sehr viel stärker komprimiert bis der Schlagkolben 11 einen Umkehrpunkt erreicht hat, der wie in Fig. 2 gezeigt, wesentlich näher beim Zylinderdeckel 16 liegt. Ohne die in Fig. 1D gezeigte zusätzliche Aufladung des Rückstosspolsters 20 über den Mitten-Bypass 19 wäre der Umkehrpunkt so nahe am Zylinderdeckel 16, dass Berührungsschläge auftreten könnten. Die Federwirkung dieses Rückstosspolsters ist jedoch viel zu gross, wenn sie sich über den ganzen Rückweg des Schlagkolbens 11 entfalten kann. Aus diesem Grund wird der Schlagkolben 11 schon vor dem Erreichen des Umkehrpunktes mit einem in seinem Strömungswiderstand einstellbaren Leerlauf-Bypass 17 überbrückt, der eine Teilentspannung des Rückstosspolsters 20 zum Stosspolster 10 zulässt, solange jede der beiden Anschlussöffnung vom Leerlauf-Bypass 17 an der Zylindermantelfläche mit einem anderen Luftpolster verbunden ist.If the tool holder 15 shown in FIG. 1E is not located in the striking area of the striking piston 11, the reversal of movement must be carried out in idle mode without striking. The kinetic energy of the percussion piston 11 is significantly higher in the striking direction 13 without the delivery of the percussion. The enclosed rebound cushion 20 is compressed to a much greater extent until the percussion piston 11 has reached a reversal point which, as shown in FIG. Without the additional charging of the recoil cushion 20 via the center bypass 19 shown in FIG. 1D, the reversal point would be so close to the cylinder cover 16 that contact shocks could occur. However, the spring action of this rebound cushion is far too great if it can develop over the entire return path of the percussion piston 11. For this reason, the percussion piston 11 is bridged before reaching the reversal point with an idle bypass 17 whose flow resistance is adjustable, which allows a partial relaxation of the recoil cushion 20 to the shock cushion 10, as long as each of the two connection openings from the idle bypass 17 to the cylinder jacket surface is connected to another air cushion.

Beim Anfahren der Schlageinrichtung ergibt sich nach wenigen Zyklen ein vom Weg des Schlagkolbens 11 abhängiger, in engen Grenzen wiederholbarer Druckverlauf im Stosspolster 10 und im Rückstosspolster 20. Die Bypässe 17, 19, 23 und der Mitten-Luftauslass 14 weisen jeweils einen einstellbaren kleinsten Querschnitt auf mit dem eine Feineinstellung der Drosselwirkung vorgenommen wird. Mit dem zwangsweise vom Weg des Antriebskolbens 6 und vom Weg des Schlagkolbens 11 abhängigen Ansteuern der verschiedenen Luftpolster wird ein nichtlineares Verhalten des Systems erreicht, was zeitlich kurze Zyklen und eine grosse Leistungsübertragung ermöglicht.When the impact device is started up, after a few cycles, the pressure curve in the shock cushion 10 and the rebound cushion 20 depends on the path of the impact piston 11 and can be repeated within narrow limits. The bypasses 17, 19, 23 and the center air outlet 14 each have an adjustable smallest cross section with which the throttle effect is fine-tuned. With the actuation of the various air cushions, which is forcibly dependent on the path of the drive piston 6 and on the path of the percussion piston 11, a non-linear behavior of the system is achieved, which enables short cycles and large power transmission.

Da während eines Zyklus mehrere Kompressionsvorgänge mit Luft auf Drücke von mehreren 10 bar vorgenommen werden und auch Reibungswärme erzeugt wird, ist eine Kühlung unbedingt notwendig, um die Temperaturen im Griff zu haben. Bei intensiver Kühlung ist es über ein Ausgleichsvolumen zwischen Mitten-Luftauslass 14 und den Ansaugöffnungen 9 möglich, ohne Ansaugen von Frischluft mit einem annähernd geschlossenen Luftkreislauf zu arbeiten, um von der Verschmutzung der Umgebungsluft unabhängig zu sein.Since several compression processes are carried out with air at pressures of several 10 bar during a cycle and frictional heat is also generated, cooling is absolutely necessary to keep the temperatures under control. In the case of intensive cooling, it is possible to use an equalizing volume between the center air outlet 14 and the suction openings 9 to work with an almost closed air circuit without sucking in fresh air in order to be independent of the pollution of the ambient air.

Ein besonderes Anwendungsgebiet ergibt sich im Bergbau beim Bohren von Sprenglöchern mit handgeführten Bohrhämmern. Hier sind die verlangten Schlagleistungen im Vergleich zu Handwerkerbohrmaschinen so hoch, dass die eingangs erwähnte Baugrössenüberlegung mit den schneller als die Druckkräfte wachsenden Massen sich als Grenze erweist, wenn nicht wie in der vorliegenden Erfindung andere Mittel zur Erhöhung der Druckkräfte eingesetzt werden.A particular area of application is in mining when drilling explosive holes with hand-operated rotary hammers. Here, the required percussion performance is so high in comparison to manual drilling machines that the size dimensioning mentioned at the beginning with the masses growing faster than the pressure forces proves to be a limit, unless other means for increasing the pressure forces are used as in the present invention.

Claims (7)

  1. A percussion device comprising a drive piston (6) actuated by a crank gear (2) and, via the compression of an air cushion, driving an overhung percussion piston (11) which is mounted between air cushions (10, 20) and comprises a piston rod (12) in the form of a ram, a part of the percussion cushion (10), depending on the percussion travel of the piston (11), being adapted to be supplied via a central bypass (19) past the percussion piston (11) to a recoil cushion (20) which acts on the percussion piston (11) oppositely to the direction of percussion (13), characterised in that at least the percussion cushion (10) driving in the impact direction (13) is adapted to be pressurised by a backing pump connected to the crank drive (2) and in that the amount of air let out for the percussion cushion (10) and the recoil cushion (20) is controllable via a central air outlet (14) along the travel of the percussion piston (11).
  2. A percussion device according to claim 1, characterised in that the drive piston (6) and the percussion piston (11) have the same diameter and move in a common cylinder (1).
  3. A percussion device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that when the percussion travel of the percussion piston (11) is excessively long, and the piston meets no resistance, a part of the recoil cushion (20) can be supplied to the percussion cushion (10) via a no-load bypass (17), depending on the percussion travel.
  4. A percussion device according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the bypass lines (17, 19) and the central air outlet (14) have adjustable flow resistances.
  5. A percussion device according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the drive piston (6) is equipped with a backing pump in the form of a rear annular piston surface (8) which automatically sucks air, depending on the travel of the drive piston (6), from the crank drive (2) through inlet openings (9) during travel towards the top dead centre position (21), and delivers compressed air to the percussion cushion (10) via an end-position bypass (23) past the drive piston during travel towards the bottom dead centre position (22).
  6. A percussion device according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the openings to the bypasses (17, 19) and the outlet opening (14) are adjustable via the valve action between the cylinder (1) and the surface of the impact piston (11), in that the opening towards the end-position bypass (23) is adjustable via the valve action between the cylinder (1) and the surface of the drive piston (6), and in that the inlet openings (9) are adjustable via the valve action between the piston rod (18) of the drive piston (6) and the sealing surface co-operating therewith.
  7. Use of a percussion device according to any of claims 1 to 6 in a hammer drill, hand-guided or on a mounting, for mining.
EP90810866A 1990-01-15 1990-11-12 Percussive device Expired - Lifetime EP0438029B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90810866T ATE98547T1 (en) 1990-01-15 1990-11-12 IMPACT DEVICE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH120/90 1990-01-15
CH12090 1990-01-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0438029A1 EP0438029A1 (en) 1991-07-24
EP0438029B1 true EP0438029B1 (en) 1993-12-15

Family

ID=4179709

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90810866A Expired - Lifetime EP0438029B1 (en) 1990-01-15 1990-11-12 Percussive device

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US (1) US5161623A (en)
EP (1) EP0438029B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH04217472A (en)
AT (1) ATE98547T1 (en)
AU (1) AU632652B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2033848C (en)
DE (1) DE59003889D1 (en)
FI (1) FI94036C (en)
ZA (1) ZA908924B (en)

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DE19728729C2 (en) * 1997-07-04 2000-11-09 Wacker Werke Kg Air spring striking mechanism with air compensation
DE19828426C2 (en) * 1998-06-25 2003-04-03 Wacker Werke Kg Driving piston with low wall thickness for an air spring hammer mechanism
DE19843642B4 (en) * 1998-09-23 2004-03-25 Wacker Construction Equipment Ag Air spring hammer mechanism with return air spring
DE10145464C2 (en) * 2001-09-14 2003-08-28 Wacker Construction Equipment Drill and / or impact hammer with idle control depending on the contact pressure
GB0428210D0 (en) * 2004-12-23 2005-01-26 Black & Decker Inc Mode change mechanism
DE102005019711A1 (en) * 2005-04-28 2006-11-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Hand tools percussion unit
DE102012206445A1 (en) * 2012-04-19 2013-10-24 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft machine tool
DE102012206452A1 (en) * 2012-04-19 2013-10-24 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Hand tool and control method
EP2871028A1 (en) * 2013-11-11 2015-05-13 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Manual tool machine
EP3181298A1 (en) * 2015-12-15 2017-06-21 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Percussive machine tool
EP3697574A1 (en) 2017-10-20 2020-08-26 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation Percussion tool
US11059155B2 (en) 2018-01-26 2021-07-13 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation Percussion tool
CN116494185B (en) * 2023-05-29 2023-10-20 浙江德硕科技股份有限公司 Electric pick with dustproof and cooling functions

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI906465A (en) 1991-07-16
FI906465A0 (en) 1990-12-31
ATE98547T1 (en) 1994-01-15
CA2033848C (en) 2000-08-15
ZA908924B (en) 1991-08-28
CA2033848A1 (en) 1991-07-16
AU6933491A (en) 1991-07-18
FI94036C (en) 1995-07-10
AU632652B2 (en) 1993-01-07
EP0438029A1 (en) 1991-07-24
US5161623A (en) 1992-11-10
DE59003889D1 (en) 1994-01-27
FI94036B (en) 1995-03-31
JPH04217472A (en) 1992-08-07

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