Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
  • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
  • H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
  • H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
  • H01M4/362—Composites
  • H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
  • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
  • H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
  • H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
  • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
  • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
  • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

• This invention relates to a battery having at least one cell, and, in particular, to a battery having a cell with an improved active material in the positive electrode.
• a battery includes at least one electrochemical cell having:
• the positive electrode has an active material which includes or comprises Lithium Vanadium Oxide having an arbitrary stoichiometry of LiVO ⁇ where 2.5 N ⁇ x ⁇ 3.
• the Lithium Vanadium Oxide is Lithium Vanadate (LiV0 3 ).
• SUBSTITUTE SHEET A typical discharge curve for a cell made in accordance with the present invention and having an active material of Lithium Vanadate is included in the drawings, Figure 3A.
• the Lithium Vanadium Oxide (LiVO,,.) active material is in mixture with a second active material, for example, spinel Lithium Manganite (LiMn 2 0 4 ) .
• Lithium Vanadium Oxide may be used as the active material in any type of battery primary or secondary, aqueous or non aqueous. However, preferably the battery is a secondary battery.
• a battery includes at least one cell, having:
• the positive electrode has an active material which is formed by the decomposition of an aqueous solution of a decomposable Manganese salt, and Ammonium Vanadate (NH 4 V0 3 ) with a decomposable Lithium salt.
• the decomposable Lithium salt is Lithium Nitrate (LiN0 3 ).
• the Lithium salt is Lithium Hydroxide (LiOH).
• Lithium salts Lithium Nitrate (LiN0 3 ) mixed with Lithium Hydroxide (LiOH).
• the decomposable Manganese salt is Manganese Nitrate (Mn(N0 3 ) 2 ).
• the decomposition forms other compounds but these are insignificant in comparison to the predominate compounds in the operation of the active material. Therefore, it is these predominating compounds which when used in the positive electrode of a battery acts as the active material thereof.
• the aqueous solution which is decomposed to form the active material comprises the following proportions of its basic components:
• the Lithium salt and the Ammonium Vanadate are in equal molar amounts.
• the aqueous solution is thermally decomposed to form the active material of the positive electrode.
• the aqueous solution is thermally decomposed by heating to a temperature between 250°C and 450°C for a period of between 10 and 20 hrs. Most preferably the aqueous solution is heated to a temperature of 350°C for a period of 14 hrs.
• the negative electrode is a Lithium metal or Lithium alloy electrode.
• the electrolyte used in a battery made in accordance with the present invention may be any suitable electrolyte solid, for example, Polyethylene oxide, or liquid, for example, Propylene Carbonate/Ethylene Carbonate mix.
• the electrolyte contains a Lithium salt, for example, with the solid electrolyte Lithium Perchlorate (LiCl0 4 ) and with the liquid electrolyte, Lithium Hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF 6 ) .
• Lithium Perchlorate LiCl0 4
• LiAsF 6 Lithium Hexafluoroarsenate
• the invention also includes the use of Lithium Vanadium Oxide (LiVO ⁇ ) in a battery.
• the Lithium Vanadium Oxide (LiVO ⁇ ) may be in a mixture with other compounds for example, Lithium Manganite (LiMn 2 0 4 ).
• the invention also includes the use of an active material which is formed in accordance with the second aspect of the present invention.
• Figure 1 is a sectional view through a battery made in accordance with the present invention.
• Figure 2 is a sectional view of a section through the positive electrode of the battery, shown in Figure 1;
• a battery 1 of conventional design comprises:
• the cell comprises:
• an elongate strip 4 of Lithium metal which forms the negative electrode of the battery; a composite positive electrode 5 having an active conductive medium comprising Lithium Vanadium Oxide where (LiVO ⁇ ) where 2.5. ⁇ x ⁇ 3 and spinel Lithium Manganite (LiMn 2 0 4 ) ;
• the cell has a basic configuration of
• the battery is provided with two connections, a first connection (not shown) from the lithium electrode, the negative electrode 4, to a negative terminal (the outer cylindrical casing 2) , and a second connection 9 from the composite positive electrode 5 to a positive terminal 10.
• the battery also includes two sealing insulating members 7, 8.
• the first sealing insulating member 7 is disposed about the positive terminal 10 so as to insulate the negative terminal (the outer cylindrical casing 2) from the positive terminal 10. Further, the first sealing insulating member 7 acts as an atmospheric sealing member to seal the interior of the battery from the atmosphere, and thereby prevent the ingress of containments such as water vapour.
• the second sealing insulating member 8 is disposed about the second connection 9 from the composite positive electrode 5 to the positive terminal 10 at a position between the positive terminal 10 and the cell. In this way the positive terminal 10 and the first sealing/insulating member 7 are insulated from the cell.
• the electrolyte is a solid electrolyte which comprises polyethylene oxide (PEO) in which the Lithium salt Lithium Perchlorate (LiCl0 4 ) is dispersed.
• PEO polyethylene oxide
• Lithium salt Lithium Perchlorate LiCl0 4
• a liquid electrolyte of propylene carbonate with ethylene carbonate may be used.
• the Lithium salt Lithium Hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF 6 ) may be dispersed in the electrolyte.
• the composite positive electrode 5 is shown. This electrode comprises:
• the active material 12 is prepared by one of the methods described below, and comprises the predominating compounds Lithium Vanadium Oxide (LiVO ⁇ ) and spinel Lithium Manganite (LiMn 2 0 4 ).
• the composite positive electrode 5 is manufactured by making a slurry mix of the Lithium Vanadium Oxide (LiVO- and spinel Lithium Manganite (LiMn 2 0 4 ), applying the slurry mix as a coating to the aluminium foil substrate 11 and drying the resultant article. In this way the slurry is dried to form a coating on the aluminium.
• LiVO- and spinel Lithium Manganite LiMn 2 0 4
• the active conductive medium may be prepared by any one of the following methods.
• An aqueous solution in the form of a slurry, is prepared by mixing:
• LiN0 3 Lithium Nitrate
• Ammonium Vanadate NH 4 V0 3
• the resultant slurry is now heated to a temperature of 350°C and maintained there for a period of 14hrs. This causes the constituent compounds in the slurry to thermally decompose to leave a mixture of compounds, predominate amongst which are Lithium Vanadate (LiVO ⁇ ) where 2.5 ⁇ x 3 and spinel ⁇ Lithium Manganite (LiMn 2 0 4 ) .
• the resultant mixture of compounds provides the active material for the composite positive electrode of the battery.
• LiN0 3 50 mol% Lithium Nitrate (LiN0 3 )
• LiOH Lithium Hydroxide
• NH 4 V0 3 Ammonium Vanadate
• Mn(N0 3 ) 2 Manganese Nitrate
• LiOH Lithium Hydroxide
• Ammonium Vanadate NH 4 V0 3
• Mn(N0 3 ) 2 16 mol% Manganese Nitrate

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Composite Materials (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
• Secondary Cells (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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• 1989
  • 1989-07-20 GB GB898916568A patent/GB8916568D0/en active Pending
• 1990
  • 1990-07-17 GB GB9015701A patent/GB2234108A/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1990-07-17 EP EP90910785A patent/EP0435991A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1990-07-17 CA CA002037047A patent/CA2037047A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1990-07-17 JP JP2510210A patent/JPH04500883A/ja active Pending
  • 1990-07-17 WO PCT/GB1990/001096 patent/WO1991001572A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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