EP0413618B1 - Überspannungsableiter mit beweglichen Haltern zum Stabilisieren seiner Varistoren - Google Patents

Überspannungsableiter mit beweglichen Haltern zum Stabilisieren seiner Varistoren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0413618B1
EP0413618B1 EP90402181A EP90402181A EP0413618B1 EP 0413618 B1 EP0413618 B1 EP 0413618B1 EP 90402181 A EP90402181 A EP 90402181A EP 90402181 A EP90402181 A EP 90402181A EP 0413618 B1 EP0413618 B1 EP 0413618B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
props
column
varistors
surge arrester
casing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90402181A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0413618A2 (de
EP0413618A3 (en
Inventor
Michel Bourdages
Robert Giraldeau
Jean Guy St
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Hydro Quebec
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Hydro Quebec
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hydro Quebec filed Critical Hydro Quebec
Publication of EP0413618A2 publication Critical patent/EP0413618A2/de
Publication of EP0413618A3 publication Critical patent/EP0413618A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0413618B1 publication Critical patent/EP0413618B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improvement to the structure of surge arresters of the "single-column" type, whether they are post or distribution.
  • surge arresters are well-known electrical protection devices intended to be connected in parallel to an electrical device to be protected, with the aim of reducing the overvoltages that may occur across the latter. More precisely, surge arresters are electrical systems normally in the form of an open circuit which "transforms" into a closed circuit parallel to the device to be protected as soon as a significant overvoltage appears at the terminals of the latter. They therefore make it possible to reduce the level of insulation of the electrical devices that they protect and, consequently, their production cost.
  • surge arresters currently available on the market are widely used in transmission and distribution networks (post and distribution surge arresters) of electrical energy. These surge arresters usually consist of a porcelain envelope having the general shape of a cylindrical tube sometimes closed at one end, which envelope defines a cavity in which is placed one or more varistor columns in the form of pellets stacked the on top of each other. It is well known that the varistors are electrically active elements made up of metal oxide such as zinc oxide, or alternatively of silicon carbide, the impedance of which appears non-linearly under the effect of an overvoltage. way to provide adequate protection.
  • surge arresters are sometimes subject to default.
  • one or more of the varistors are permanently short-circuited and an electric arc is formed inside the envelope, which generates explosive overpressures as well as temperatures exceeding the melting point of all known metals.
  • pressure relief devices have been suggested, which are intended to transfer the electric arc outside using a diaphragm and '' a nozzle for orienting the overpressure generating hot gases.
  • these elements must be mounted on the porcelain shell, which makes the construction relatively expensive. This is also why these elements are mainly found in the surge arresters of a high-voltage transmission station.
  • This new housing advantageously consists of a synthetic insulating material capable of withstanding a high mechanical tension, such as concrete-epoxy or concrete-polymer.
  • This envelope is molded on a thin tube preferably made of glass, placed on an electrode.
  • any single-column surge arrester comprises an envelope made of an insulating material, such as porcelain or, as in the Canadian patent application mentioned above, of an epoxy or polymer concrete, which envelope defines a generally cylindrical cavity provided with a wall and two ends, at least one of which is not closed.
  • a single column of varistors is arranged inside the cavity.
  • These varistors are in the form of cylindrical pellets with a diameter smaller than that of the envelope cavity, which are stacked one above the other to form the single column.
  • the means generally constituted by a spring pressing on one of the bases of the column, serve to maintain the pellets thus stacked in the envelope.
  • Electrical contacts or “electrodes” are arranged at the two ends of the envelope cavity to allow the electrical mounting of this column of varistors in parallel across the terminals of an electrical device to be protected against overvoltage.
  • a diaphragm is advantageously placed across each unclosed end of the envelope cavity.
  • This diaphragm is made of aluminum foil or any other easily tearable material under the effect of any overpressure generated by an electric arc which can form within the cavity in the event of an internal defect in the arrester, thereby allowing the 'natural' evacuation hot gases generated by the arc at each unclosed end of the enclosure and, from there, reducing the risk of explosion of the latter.
  • a nozzle is also used downstream of the diaphragm, to direct outward the hot gases escaping as soon as the diaphragm is perforated.
  • the present invention relates to an extremely simple structure device, making it possible to solve the problem mentioned above and, from there, to minimize the risks of explosion of the envelope of a surge arrester in the event of an internal fault due to a lack of sufficient space in the cavity to allow the arc generated during the fault to develop and reach the diaphragm.
  • the invention proposes to maintain the varistor pads stacked in a single column in the cavity of the envelope using at least three, and preferably four stakes made of a material that is both insulating and not elastic, such as porcelain, ceramic or concrete-epoxy or concrete-polymer.
  • the stakes each extend over the entire height of the column and are symmetrically arranged around the latter.
  • each of these passages is, in practice constituted by the air space defined between two of the stakes proper, the wall of the column and the wall of the cavity.
  • the main utility of these tutors is to maintain in the center of the cavity the fragments of varistor in the event of fragmentation of one or more of them following a severe thermal runaway.
  • the stakes thus guarantee the non-obstruction of the passages which they define around the column and, from there, the required expansion of the arch which can be established anywhere around the column and develop without any obstruction .
  • the stakes also make it possible to channel the shock wave and the hot gases up to the diaphragm, without any risk of obstruction and consequently of explosion.
  • each stake has a section in the form of an isosceles trapezoid and is arranged so that the large base of its trapezoidal section comes to bear on the periphery of the pellets.
  • This trapezoidal shape is interesting insofar as it makes it possible to maximize the free space inside the cavity of the envelope and, from there, to maximize the passages in which the defect arc can flourish.
  • the large base of each stent of trapezoidal section is concave and of the same curvature as the periphery of the pellets.
  • this large base has a length such that the sum of all the large bases of all the stakes is slightly less than the perimeter of the pellets.
  • the bases of the stakes are chosen so as to almost continuously surround the circumference of the pellets to prevent fragments, even small ones, from blocking the passages defined between the stakes for the development of the arc.
  • the stakes are mounted with the aid of easily shearable fixing rods by simple overheating or overpressure, all around the periphery of a rigid base with a diameter greater than that of the pellets, this base being intended to be placed below the varistors column.
  • This particular arrangement has the great advantage of giving sufficient flexibility to the stakes to allow an expansion of the arc generated in the event of a defect in the arrester, which arc is never straight.
  • the arc formed in the event of a lightning arrester defect will find itself channeled in an axial segment defined by two of the stakes.
  • the stakes being held by only one end on the same base, they can easily widen at the other end which is preferably placed where the diaphragm is located, thereby ensuring a greater passage to the arch.
  • the stakes can be completely released as soon as the arc is formed and, under the effect of the pressure of the arc, be pushed to thereby ensure maximum widening of the axial segment in which the arc is formed.
  • the invention is specially designed for use with surge arresters of the monocolumn type, since the use of such a set of stakes only has an advantage when the arrester contains only one column of varistors.
  • the present invention is not limited to a given type of surge arrester and can be used indifferently with post surge arresters or distribution surge arresters.
  • the stakes whose use is proposed in the context of the present invention should not be confused with the heat-carrying mechanical supports sometimes used to create a thermal bridge between the wall of the internal cavity of the envelope and the external wall of the varistors in order to facilitate the cooling of the latter.
  • the heat transfer mechanical supports thus used are usually made of rubber in which heat transfer additives are added.
  • These supports are therefore unlike the stakes according to the invention, made of an elastic material so as to allow their installation by clamping inside the cavity and thus ensuring permanent and very close contact between the wall of the varistors and the wall of the cavity.
  • the stakes used according to the invention must be made of non-elastic or rigid material so as to be able to move without bending or deforming under the effect of the pressure of an arc forming in one of the passages .
  • the stakes according to the invention preferably have the shape of a trapezium whose small base is oriented on the side of the wall of the cavity so as to ensure the maximum free space near said wall.
  • the contacts between the stakes and the wall must be reduced to a minimum, to allow the stakes to move easily as soon as an arc is formed.
  • the arrester 1 comprises an outer casing 3 made of an electrically insulating material.
  • This envelope defines a cavity 5 of generally cylindrical shape, provided with a wall 7 and two ends, at least one of which is closed by an electrode 9 playing the role of first electrical contact.
  • the outer surface of the envelope 3 is preferably provided with annular fins 11 serving, on the one hand, to ensure dielectric maintenance of the envelope in rain and pollution conditions and, on the other hand, to increase the mechanical strength of the latter.
  • the envelope 3 is also provided with a plurality of anchors 13 and 13 ′.
  • the anchors 13 ′ which are arranged on the side of the envelope where the cavity is closed by the electrode 9 are used for fixing the arrester to the same support 15 using bolts 17.
  • Anchors 13 arranged from the other side of the envelope, where the unclosed end of the cavity is located, is used essentially for fixing a cover 19 using bolts 21.
  • the arrester 1 comprises a column of varistors 18 each having the shape of a cylindrical pellet with a diameter smaller than that of the cavity 5.
  • the varistors 18 are stacked on each other to form a single column arranged in the center of the cavity 5.
  • Means constituted by a spring 23 are mounted between the electrode 9 and the base of the varistor column 18 to keep the latter pressed against the cover 19.
  • This cover 19 is of annular shape and is made of an electrically conductive material so as to form the other contact or electrode of the arrester, at the other end of the varistor column 20.
  • This cover 19 is, for reasons of 'assembly, composed of several parts including, in particular, a part 25 for centering and holding the varistor column.
  • This part 25 is itself provided with a plurality of peripheral passages 27 whose purpose is essentially to allow the escape of hot gases when an overpressure occurs in the cavity 5 inside the envelope 3.
  • a diaphragm 29 is mounted on the cover 19 to close the latter.
  • the diaphragm 29 is usually made of a thin sheet of metal capable of tearing when it is subjected to an overpressure generated by the shock wave and the gases of an electric arc forming within the cavity 5 in the event internal fault arrester fault.
  • the arrester 1 comprises a nozzle 31 for evacuating the hot gases, mounted on the cover 19, to direct the hot gases escaping through the passage 27 following the perforation of the diaphragm 29 in the direction of an explosive bolt 33 connected to the electrode 9, on the one hand, in the event of a fault, ensuring a transfer outside the arc created inside and, following this transfer, an explosion of the bolt 33 to isolate the arrester earth when the fault current is interrupted by the circuit breaker provided for this purpose in the electrical supply network.
  • the arrester 1 described above is mounted in parallel with the terminals of an apparatus to be protected, by connecting the electrode 9 (usually by the explosive bolt 33) to one of the terminals of this apparatus and the cover 19 by a bolt 35 to the other of the terminals of this device.
  • the other details of structure as well as the operation of the arrester previously described are known per se and described in detail in the Canadian patent application in co-instance no 526.130.
  • the arrester 1 described above is improved in that the means used to maintain the varistor pads 20 stacked in columns in the cavity 5 of the envelope 3 includes, in addition to the spring 23, at least three and preferably four stakes 41 made of a material that is both insulating and non-elastic.
  • the stakes 41 which are preferably constituted by rods of porcelain, ceramic or any synthetic insulator such as polymer concrete or epoxy concrete, extend over the entire height of the varistor column 18. These same stakes 41 are also arranged symmetrically around the varistor column 18, to almost entirely surround the latter.
  • these tutors essentially aim to form and maintain all around the column a number identical to their number of passages 43, each passage being defined between the outer periphery of the varistors 18, the side walls of two adjacent stakes and the wall 7 of the cavity 5.
  • the means for holding the pellets stacked in columns in the cavity of the envelope also include, in the illustrated embodiment, a rigid base 45 preferably constituted by a metal disc whose diameter is greater than that of the pellets.
  • the base 45 which is used for mounting the stakes 41 is advantageously disposed under the end of the column in contact with the spring 23. It is therefore this base 45 which is in contact with the spring 23 and which ensures the electrical transmission of the current between the electrode 9 and the first of the varistors 18.
  • the stakes 41 are fixed by their lower ends to the same base by means of small fixing rods constituted by bolts 47 anchored to them, each bolt 47 passing through a hole 49 provided for this purpose in the base 45, before being held in place by a nut 51.
  • the bolts 47 are chosen from a material capable of melting or shearing very easily in the event of overheating, thereby allowing the lower ends of the stakes 41 to be released immediately.
  • the bolts 47 can thus be made of NYLON or any other similar material.
  • each stake 41 has a section in the general shape of an isosceles trapezoid arranged so that its large base 53 comes to bear on the periphery of the varistor pads 18.
  • This large base 43 is concave and with the same curvature as the periphery of the varistors 18.
  • This large base also has a length such that the sum of the length of all the large bases of the stakes surrounding the column is slightly less than the perimeter of the pellets to come and almost surround continues the periphery thereof and thus retain any fragment which may form in the event of breakage or breakage of one or more of the varistors 18.
  • This isosceles trapezium-shaped section is very advantageous insofar as it makes it possible to obtain perfect encirclement of the varistor pads 18 while maximizing the free space defined by the passages 43.
  • the main use of the stakes 41 is to retain in the center of the cavity 5 the fragments of varistor which could form in the event of their breaking due to severe thermal runaway.
  • one or more of the varistors will fragment diametrically as illustrated in FIG. 4 and will lead to the formation of an arc inside the cavity 5.
  • This arc of course will form and spread inside one of the passages 43 where it will be channeled thanks to the adjacent stakes 41 towards the cover 19, with a view to tearing the diaphragm and ensuring the expulsion of the hot gases in the nozzle 31.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Blitzableiter in "Einsäulen"-Bauweise, mit
    - einem Mantel (3) aus einem isolierenden Material, der eine Innenwand aufweist, die einen allgemein zylindrischen Hohlraum (5) bildet, der mit zwei Enden versehen ist, von denen mindestens eines unverschlossen ist,
    - einer einzigen Säule aus Varistoren (18), die im Inneren des genannten Hohlraums angeordnet ist, wobei die Varistoren die Form von zylindrischen Plättchen haben, deren Durchmesser kleiner ist als der des Hohlraums des Mantels, und die Plättchen übereinandergestapelt sind, um so die einzige Säule zu bilden,
    - Mitteln zum Halten der so in Säulenform gestapelten Plättchen in dem Mantel und
    - elektrischen Kontakten (9, 19), die an den beiden Enden des Hohlraums des Mantels angeordnet sind, um den elektrischen Anschluß der genannten Säule aus Varistoren parallel zu den Klemmen eines elektrischen Gerätes zu ermöglichen, das gegen die Überspannungen zu schützen ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannten Mittel zum Halten der säulenförmig gestapelten Plättchen in dem Hohlraum des Mantels mindestens drei Stützen (41) umfassen, die aus einem zugleich isolierenden und nichtelastischen Material hergestellt sind, welche Stützen sich jeweils über die gesamte Höhe der Säule erstrecken und symmetrisch um diese angeordnet sind, um um die gesamte Säule herum eine mit der Anzahl der Stützen übereinstimmende Anzahl gerader Kanäle (43) zu bilden und im Fall eines Zerbrechens der Plättchen unter der Wirkung einer starken Überhitzung infolge eines inneren Fehlers des Blitzableiters aufrechtzuerhalten, welche Kanäle zwischen der Innenwand des Mantels definiert sind, wobei die Stützen und die Säule bei dem Fehler jedem inneren elektrischen Lichtbogen die Ausbreitung im inneren des Hohlraums und den durch diesen Lichtbogen erzeugten heißen Gasen das Entweichen an jedem unverschlossenen Ende des Mantels gestatten, wodurch die Gefahr der Explosion des Mantels vermindert wird.
  2. Blitzableiter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannten Mittel zum Halten der säulenförmig gestapelten Plättchen in dem Hohlraum des Mantels auch einen starren Sockel (45) umfassen, der an einem Ende der Säule angeordnet ist und auf dem die Stützen (41) montiert sind, wobei diese Montage es eigenständig gewährleistet, daß die Stützen um die Säule herum in Position gehalten werden.
  3. Blitzableiter nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Sockel (45) einen größeren Durchmesser als die Plättchen aufweist und daß die Stützen (41) mit Hilfe von Befestigungsschrauben (47), die bei kleinster Überbeanspruchung oder Überhitzung abscheren können, mit einem Ende an eben diesem Sockel befestigt sind.
  4. Blitzableiter nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Befestigungsschrauben, die leicht abscheren können, Bolzen aus NYLON sind.
  5. Blitzableiter nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material, aus dem die Stützen (41) hergestellt sind, ein starres Material ist, das ausgewählt ist aus den Materialien Porzellan, Keramik und starren synthetischen Isolationsstoffen nach Art von Epoxy-Beton und Polymerbeton.
  6. Blitzableiter nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Stütze (41) einen gleichschenklig-trapezförmigen Querschnitt hat und so angeordnet ist, daß die große Grundseite (53) des Trapezes am Umfang der Plättchen anliegt, wobei diese große Grundseite konkav ist und die gleiche Krümmung wie der genannte Umfang aufweist.
  7. Blitzableiter nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Stütze einen gleichschenklig-trapezförmigen Querschnitt aufweist und so angeordnet ist, daß die große Grundseite (53) des Trapezes am Umfang der Plättchen anliegt, wobei diese große Grundseite konkav ist und die gleiche Krümmung wie der genannte Umfang aufweist und eine solche Länge hat, daß die Summe aller großen Grundseiten sämtlicher Stützen etwas kleiner ist als der Umfang der Plättchen.
  8. Blitzableiter nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß:
    - die Anzahl der Stützen (41) gleich vier ist und jede Stütze einen gleichschenklig-trapezförmigen Querschnitt hat,
    - die Stützen so angeordnet sind, daß die großen Grundseiten (53) ihres trapezförmigen Querschnitts am Umfang der Plättchen anliegen, wobei die großen Grundseiten konkav sind und die gleiche Krümmung wie der genannte Umfang aufweisen und eine solche Länge besitzen, daß die Summe aller großen Grundseiten sämtlicher Stützen etwas kleiner ist als der Umfang der Plättchen,
    - die Mittel zum Halten der säulenförmig gestapelten Plättchen in dem Mantel unter anderem eine Feder (23) umfassen, die zwischen einem (19) der elektrischen Kontakte und der Säule aus Varistoren (18) angeordnet ist,
    - der Blitzableiter außerdem eine Schutzmembran (29) aufweist, die quer über jedem unverschlossenen Ende des Hohlraums seines Mantels angeordnet ist, welche Membran durch ein Material gebildet wird, das durch Überdruck im Inneren des Hohlraums leicht aufreißbar ist, um so das Entweichen von heißen Gasen zu gestatten, die im Fall eines durch den Blitz verursachten Fehlers durch einen elektrischen Lichtbogen erzeugt werden,
    - der Blitzableiter außerdem eine über jedem unverschlossenen Ende des Mantels angeordnete Düse (31) zum Umlenken des Austritts der heißen Gase im Fall eines inneren Fehlers und des Zerreißens der Membran aufweist.
EP90402181A 1989-08-16 1990-07-27 Überspannungsableiter mit beweglichen Haltern zum Stabilisieren seiner Varistoren Expired - Lifetime EP0413618B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA608517 1989-08-16
CA000608517A CA1314949C (fr) 1989-08-16 1989-08-16 Parafoudre pourvu de tuteurs mobiles de maintien de ses varistances

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0413618A2 EP0413618A2 (de) 1991-02-20
EP0413618A3 EP0413618A3 (en) 1992-05-20
EP0413618B1 true EP0413618B1 (de) 1994-06-15

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90402181A Expired - Lifetime EP0413618B1 (de) 1989-08-16 1990-07-27 Überspannungsableiter mit beweglichen Haltern zum Stabilisieren seiner Varistoren

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4989115A (de)
EP (1) EP0413618B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH03219580A (de)
AT (1) ATE107431T1 (de)
CA (1) CA1314949C (de)
DE (1) DE69009898T2 (de)

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US5757604A (en) * 1996-06-27 1998-05-26 Raychem Corporation Surge arrester having grooved and ridged terminals
US5680289A (en) * 1996-06-27 1997-10-21 Raychem Corporation Surge arrester
US5712757A (en) * 1996-06-27 1998-01-27 Raychem Corporation Surge arrester having ridged terminals
JP4342078B2 (ja) * 2000-04-07 2009-10-14 株式会社東芝 避雷器
KR20010069475A (ko) * 2001-03-27 2001-07-25 서형권 피뢰기
US6778374B2 (en) * 2002-01-04 2004-08-17 Hubbell Incorporated Reinforced arrester housing
SE527132C2 (sv) * 2003-04-30 2005-12-27 Abb Technology Ltd Ventilavledare
JP2006344851A (ja) * 2005-06-10 2006-12-21 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 避雷器
JP2010027671A (ja) 2008-07-15 2010-02-04 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 避雷器およびその製造方法
JP5301320B2 (ja) * 2009-03-02 2013-09-25 三菱電機株式会社 避雷器
JP6137816B2 (ja) * 2012-11-30 2017-05-31 三菱電機株式会社 避雷器
WO2015067297A1 (en) * 2013-11-05 2015-05-14 Abb Technology Ltd Surge arrester with moulded sheds and apparatus for moulding
DE102016218533A1 (de) * 2016-09-27 2018-03-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verspannvorrichtung für einen Überspannungsableiter, Herstellungsverfahren und Überspannungsableiter
RU2705203C1 (ru) 2016-09-28 2019-11-06 Абб Швайц Аг Импульсный разрядник и способ его изготовления
KR101828372B1 (ko) * 2017-12-01 2018-02-12 남도전기공업(주) 피뢰기를 포함한 산업용 전기설비류 전선케이블의 통전 연결용 원터치 단자
US10304598B1 (en) * 2018-01-19 2019-05-28 Te Connectivity Corporation Surge arresters and related assemblies and methods
US11295879B2 (en) 2020-07-24 2022-04-05 TE Connectivity Services Gmbh Surge arresters and related assemblies and methods

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CA1263162A (fr) * 1986-12-23 1989-11-21 Guy St-Jean Boitier de dispositif electrique, notamment de parafoudre, incluant une enveloppe isolante moulee
JPS63312602A (ja) * 1987-06-16 1988-12-21 Ngk Insulators Ltd 避雷器ユニット

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0413618A2 (de) 1991-02-20
ATE107431T1 (de) 1994-07-15
DE69009898D1 (de) 1994-07-21
US4989115A (en) 1991-01-29
JPH03219580A (ja) 1991-09-26
CA1314949C (fr) 1993-03-23
EP0413618A3 (en) 1992-05-20
DE69009898T2 (de) 1995-01-26

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