EP1803137B1 - Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung mit bogenschneidmitteln und entsprechendes verfahren - Google Patents

Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung mit bogenschneidmitteln und entsprechendes verfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1803137B1
EP1803137B1 EP04791500A EP04791500A EP1803137B1 EP 1803137 B1 EP1803137 B1 EP 1803137B1 EP 04791500 A EP04791500 A EP 04791500A EP 04791500 A EP04791500 A EP 04791500A EP 1803137 B1 EP1803137 B1 EP 1803137B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electric arc
disconnection
moving
shear
active portions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP04791500A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1803137A1 (de
Inventor
Stéphane BRESCON
Michel Georges Jean Donati
Alain René Robert LAGNOUX
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB France SAS
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ABB France SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1803137A1 publication Critical patent/EP1803137A1/de
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Publication of EP1803137B1 publication Critical patent/EP1803137B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/32—Insulating body insertable between contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H01H37/761—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/10—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess voltage, e.g. for lightning protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H01H37/761—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit
    • H01H2037/762—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit using a spring for opening the circuit when the fusible element melts
    • H01H2037/763—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit using a spring for opening the circuit when the fusible element melts the spring being a blade spring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/302—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts wherein arc-extinguishing gas is evolved from stationary parts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the general technical field of protective devices for installations and electrical equipment against transient electrical surges, especially due to lightning.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for improving the breaking capacity of a protection device of an electrical installation against overvoltages.
  • These protection devices generally comprise one or more overvoltage protection components, such as, for example, a varistor and / or a spark gap.
  • overvoltage protection components such as, for example, a varistor and / or a spark gap.
  • overvoltage protection devices are generally provided with thermal disconnection means. These thermal disconnection means are intended to isolate the protection component (s) of the electrical installation to be protected in the event of overheating of the latter exceeding a predetermined value in order to limit the risk of fire.
  • the thermal disconnection means can thus be formed by a disconnection blade, welded to one of the electrodes of the protection component using for example a thermal weld.
  • the disconnection blade is generally subjected to a mechanical stress tending to move it away from the corresponding electrode so that when excessive overvoltage or prolonged use causes breakage or fusion of the solder, the disconnection blade deviates from the electrode, thus isolating the protective component of the installation to be protected.
  • DE-U-93 19 287 describes such a device for protecting an electrical installation against overvoltages comprising a varistor and a device for disconnecting the varistor when the latter is heating excessively.
  • the isolation distance created between the disconnection blade and the electrode of the protection component is generally quite small. Therefore, if the disconnection occurs under unfavorable voltage and current conditions, it may happen that the mechanical opening of the disconnection means is not sufficient to completely isolate the protective component of the electrical installation, the electric arc created during the opening of the disconnection blade being then likely to be maintained between the disconnect blade and the corresponding electrode. It may also happen, in some cases, that an electric arc is reformed between the electrode of the protection component and the disconnection blade a few moments after opening of the latter. This phenomenon has the effect of significantly limiting the breaking capacity of the protective device.
  • an additional breaking device circuit breaker type or fuse, which ensures the permanent interruption of the current flowing in the protective device.
  • the size of the additional cut-off device must in principle be adapted to the capacity of the protection component, which generates technical constraints and increases the costs of implementing the overall protection equipment.
  • the additional cut-off device generally ensures the simultaneous and indiscriminate isolation of all the protection components of the device, whereas it is desirable instead to isolate only the component or components of the device. protection which overheats and keeps the other protection components in service.
  • isolating members which can be integrated in the protective device, and intended to prevent the formation, maintenance or reformation of the electric arc between the disconnection blade and the electrode. of the protection component.
  • the effectiveness of this kind of device is nevertheless limited and is generally not sufficient to ensure effective disconnection of the protective device when the conditions of voltage, current and temperature are unfavorable.
  • the electric arc can bypass the isolation device and continue to discharge the current until the voltage across the protective device is canceled.
  • the electric arc also has the effect of generating a conductive pollution during the opening of the contacts, thus creating a preferential conductive path for the electric arc along the isolation member, between the disconnection blade and the electrode of the protection component. This phenomenon can therefore have the effect of significantly lowering the level of cutoff provided by the isolation member, electric arcs are likely to form and continue despite the presence of the latter.
  • An overvoltage protection device of this kind is described in particular in FR-A-2,848,353 which includes a varistor, a device for disconnecting the varistor when the latter overheats and an insulating screen to prevent any risk of arcing, once the varistor is disconnected from the circuit to be protected.
  • the objects assigned to the invention therefore aim to remedy the various disadvantages listed above and to propose a new device for protecting electrical installations against overvoltages which, while being of simple design, has an improved disconnection capacity compared to known devices.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new device for protecting electrical installations against overvoltages which makes it possible to guarantee the individual disconnection of each of the protection components of the device.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a new device for protecting electrical installations against overvoltages having, with respect to known devices, a better capacity of extinguishing the electric arcs possibly formed during the disconnection.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new device for protecting electrical installations against overvoltages which is of simple and reliable design.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a new device for protecting electrical installations against overvoltages which is particularly robust and resistant vis-à-vis the electric arcs likely to form within it.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a new device for protecting electrical installations against overvoltages requiring only a limited number of moving mechanical parts to obtain the connection and disconnection functions.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a new surge protection device for accelerating the extinction of the electric arc when disconnecting the device.
  • the objects assigned to the invention also aim to propose a new method for improving the breaking capacity of a protection of an electrical installation against overvoltages to effectively accelerate the final disconnection of the device.
  • the objects assigned to the invention are also achieved by means of a method according to claim 21 for improving the breaking capacity of a protection device of an electrical installation against overvoltages in which an electric arc is likely to be formed during the disconnection of the protective device vis-à-vis the electrical installation, said method comprising a step of shearing of the electric arc during which the arc is attacked following at least two different directions so as to reduce its section.
  • the overvoltage protection device according to the invention is intended to be connected bypass (or parallel) on the equipment or electrical installation to be protected.
  • electrical installation refers to any type of device or network powered electrically and likely to experience voltage disturbances, including transient overvoltages due to lightning.
  • the overvoltage protection device according to the invention is advantageously intended to be disposed between a phase of the installation to be protected and the earth. It is also conceivable, without departing from the scope of the invention, that the protection device, instead of being connected in shunt between a phase and the earth, is connected between the neutral and the earth, between the phase and neutral or between two phases (case of differential protection).
  • the protection device 1 comprises at least one protection component 10 intended to protect the electrical installation against overvoltages.
  • each overvoltage protection component is formed by a varistor, it being understood that the use of a varistor is only indicated by way of example and does not constitute any a limitation of the invention.
  • the protection device 1 comprises at least one varistor 10, in particular one or more varistors 10, each varistor 10 being provided with connection means 20 to the electrical installation.
  • the varistor 10 is preferably disposed within an electrically insulating housing 60 which may be in the form of a cartridge adapted to be electrically connected to a base fixed (not shown) using at least a first and a second connection pads 22, 23.
  • One of the poles of the varistor 10 is thus connected directly to the first connection pad 22, the other pole of the varistor 10 being connected to the connection means 20.
  • the latter are preferably formed by an electrode 21, for example in the form of a metal blade.
  • the electrode 21 preferably protrudes, for example at 90 °, from one of the faces 10A of the varistor 10.
  • the protection device 1 also comprises a disconnection means 30 capable of disconnecting the varistor 10 from the electrical installation.
  • the disconnection means 30 is specifically shaped and adapted to ensure the disconnection of the varistor 10 at the connection means 20 and is for this purpose capable of moving from a closed position, illustrated for example on the figure 1 , to an open position illustrated on the figure 2 , thus creating an interstitial space 11 between the disconnection means 30 and the connection means 20.
  • the disconnection means 30 is formed by an electrically conductive and advantageously metallic disconnection plate 31 which, in the closed position, is stress-welded to the connection means 20, specifically to the electrode 21, for example to using a heat-fusible weld (not shown).
  • the disconnection blade 31 advantageously extends between a free end 31A and a fixed end 31B. The free end 31A then comes into electrical contact with the electrode 21 via the weld, the fixed end 318 being in permanent electrical contact with the second connection pad 23.
  • the disconnection blade 31 is then elastically constrained between its closed position, in which it comes into contact with the electrode 21 by means of the thermal welding and its open position, in which the disconnection blade 31 is no longer in contact with the corresponding electrode 21.
  • the disconnection blade 31, in particular the free end 31A of the latter moves away, by spring effect, from the electrode 21.
  • Disconnection 31 can thus have an intrinsic elasticity or be mounted elastically by means of an independent spring (not shown).
  • an electric arc 40 (shown in dotted lines on the figure 2 ) is capable of being formed in the interstitial space 11 between the disconnection means 30 and the connection means 20.
  • the distance between the latter and the connection means 20 may not be sufficient to prevent the initiation, maintenance or rebooting of an electric arc 40, especially in case of high energy overvoltages.
  • This electric arc 40 then continues to discharge a current, thus preventing effective disconnection of the protection component 10.
  • the protection device 1 according to the invention is provided with shearing means 50 of the electric arc 40.
  • shear here refers to the stresses exerted on the electric arc, along at least two directions (or directions) distinct from the space, so as to reduce its section, without necessarily cutting it.
  • the shearing means 50 are therefore different, in the sense of the invention, from a simple isolating member adapted to come between the electrode 21 and the disconnection blade 31 in order to prevent formation or maintenance. electric arcs between these conductive parts.
  • the formation of a conductive deposit on the surface of the isolating member is then observed, thus creating a preferential path for the electric arc between the disconnection blade 31 and the In this case, the electrical insulation provided by the isolation device is greatly reduced.
  • the shearing means 50 are shaped so as to increase the impedance of the electric arc 40 by decreasing its section, in order to reduce the intensity of the current that can to be passed by this bow. This thus makes it possible to limit the formation of the conductive deposit on the isolation member, and to increase the efficiency of the latter.
  • section here refers to the cross section of the electric arc 40, determined in consideration of a dummy sectional plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of extension of the electric arc 40 between the connecting means 20 and the disconnecting means 30.
  • the shearing means 50 of the electric arc 40 are thus preferably shaped to simultaneously attack the electric arc 40 in at least two distinct directions.
  • the shearing means 50 are shaped to attack the electric arc 40 by a lateral edge, that is to say along a plane intersecting or perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of extension of the electric arc 40, and along at least two directions F1, F2 substantially opposite and centripetal, that is to say oriented towards the center of the section of the electric arc 40 ( Figures 2 ', 2 " ).
  • the shearing means 50 are further preferably arranged and arranged within the housing 60 so as to be controllable, and in particular released by the movement of the disconnecting means 30.
  • the shearing means 50 comprise at least two electrically insulating active parts 51, 52 able to approach each other when opening the disconnection means 30 so as to ensure, by mutual cooperation, shearing of the electric arc 40.
  • active parts refers to the parts of the shearing means 50 directly involved in the shearing action of the electric arc 40.
  • the shearing means 50 may comprise a single movable active part 51 able to move in the interstitial space 11 during the opening of the disconnection means 30 or two mobile active parts (variant not shown ), fit to move closer to one another when opening said disconnection means 30.
  • the shearing means 50 comprise a single movable active part 51, they also comprise at least one fixed active part 52 preferably forming a stop against the moving active part 51.
  • the mobile active part 51 and the disconnection means 30 are relatively mounted such that when opening the disconnection means 30, the latter releases the mobile active part 51, thus allowing the displacement of the latter.
  • the disconnecting means 30 When the disconnecting means 30 is in the closed position, the mobile active part 51 advantageously abuts against the disconnection means 30.
  • the disconnection disc 31 is then preferably mounted in such a way that, when it is opened, it deviates sufficiently from the electrode 21 to no longer constitute an obstacle against the displacement of the mobile active part 51.
  • the force responsible for moving the movable active part 51 may be of any kind, but will preferably be an elastic restoring force.
  • the shearing means 50 advantageously comprise a resilient biasing means 70, of the spring type, mounted so as to exert an elastic restoring force on the movable active part 51, said elastic restoring force acting in one direction. substantially parallel to the axis of compression of the elastic return means 70. This elastic restoring force thus tends to push the active mobile part 51 towards the other active part, and in particular towards the fixed active part 52.
  • the mobile active part 51 is mounted so as to be able to move in translation along the direction F when opening the disconnection means 30.
  • the mobile active part 51 is mounted so as to be able to move in rotation around an axis of rotation 100 and in the direction S when opening the disconnection means 30.
  • the mobile active part 51 comprises an insulating flap 53 (or isolation member) intended to be interposed between the disconnection means 30 and the connection means 20 when the disconnection means 30 is in the open position.
  • an insulating flap 53 or isolation member
  • the insulating flap 53 is preferably formed by an envelope, shaped so as to at least partially surround the disconnection means 30 and / or the connection means 20 when the disconnection means 30 is in the open position.
  • the envelope may comprise a central portion, for example flat, intended to be interposed between the disconnection blade 31 and the electrode 21, and preferentially curved side portions so as to come to coat, at least partially, the electrode 21 or the disconnection blade 31, thus increasing the isolation distance between these two parts.
  • the envelope is formed by a sleeve 44 intended to surround, at least partially, the disconnection blade 31 or the electrode 21.
  • the sleeve 44 has a U-shaped cross section and is delimited laterally by three walls 44A, 44C, 44D and longitudinally by a bottom 44B. All of these walls thus delimit an inner housing 45 opening at an opening 46. allowing the sleeve 44 to come to move around the electrode 21, thus coating the latter ( figure 5 ).
  • the sleeve 44 is advantageously secured to an articulated arm 49, preferably formed by a plate.
  • the sleeve 44 is integral with the arm 49, forming with the latter one and the same functional part.
  • the sleeve 44 advantageously projects from the plate formed by the arm 49.
  • the walls 44A and 44C of the sleeve 44 extend substantially perpendicularly with respect to the arm 49, thus forming the inner housing 45 which opens on the side of the face 10A of the varistor 10.
  • the arm 49 is advantageously rotatably mounted around the axis of rotation 100, so as to be pivotable about this axis under the action of the restoring force exerted by the biasing means The arm 49 then simultaneously drives the insulating shutter 53 in the same rotational movement.
  • the elastic return means 70 preferably extends between a first fixed end 71, for example secured to the housing 60, and a second end 72, fixed on or bearing against the arm 49 and capable of moving with the latter in the housing 60.
  • a first fixed end 71 for example secured to the housing 60
  • a second end 72 fixed on or bearing against the arm 49 and capable of moving with the latter in the housing 60.
  • the sleeve 44 has an extension 47, substantially perpendicular to the face 44C of said sleeve.
  • the extension 47 thus comes, in the open position, between the disconnection blade 31 on the one hand and one of the faces 10A of the varistor 10 on the other hand, so as to prevent the flap bypassing insulation 53 by an electric arc.
  • the opposite faces 44A, 44C of the sleeve 44 may advantageously be curved, so as to adapt to the rotational movement of the insulating flap 53. This allows in particular to adjust more precisely the dimensions of the inner housing 45 to dimensions of the electrode 21.
  • the insulating flap 53 may also comprise a sleeve (not shown) capable of moving in a substantially straight vertical direction and parallel to the extension plane of the face 10A of the varistor 10.
  • the device can then comprise, according to this variant, guiding means (not shown) for guiding in translation of the mobile active part 51.
  • the active parts 51, 52 are mounted so as to bear against one another during the opening of the disconnection means 30, thus ensuring the strangulation of the electric arc 40 ( figure 2 ).
  • the mobile active part 51 thus bears against the fixed active part 52 at a contact interface 54, the electric arc 40 then being sheared between said active parts 51, 52, on the one hand because of the driving force FM exerted by the mobile active part 51 under the action of the elastic return means 70, and secondly because of the reaction force R, substantially opposite to the driving force FM, exerted by the part active fixed 52 ( Figures 2, 2 ', 2 " ).
  • the fixed active part 52 may advantageously be formed by a blade of insulating material, for example ceramic, projecting at 90 ° with respect to one of the lateral faces of the housing 60 ( figure 3 ).
  • the mobile active part 51 moves in direction of the fixed active part 52 until its front portion 55 bears against said fixed active part 52.
  • the shearing means 50 comprise contact means 56, able to ensure a substantially sealed support of the parts. 51, 52 at the contact interface 54.
  • the contact means 56 are thus advantageously arranged and shaped so as to form the contact interface 54 between the active parts 51, 52 when the disconnection means 30 is in position. opening position ( figure 2 ' ).
  • the contact means 56 are advantageously formed by a substantially flexible material, such as an elastomeric material, preferably located at the end of one of the active parts 51, 52.
  • the material forming the contact means 56 is flexible enough to match the shape of the active portion 51 or 52 located opposite.
  • the contact means 56 are formed by a material that is sufficiently flexible to conform to the shape of the front portion 55 of the mobile active portion 51 with sealing. 56 can thus be integrated structurally with one of the active parts 51, 52, forming for example the end of an active part 51, 52 but can also be formed by a layer of flexible material, disposed on the surface of at least one of the active parts 51, 52, and possibly on the surface of each active part 51, 52.
  • the contact means 56 may be formed by an independent piece attached to one of the active parts 51, 52, for example on the fixed active part 52, as shown in the figures.
  • the shearing means 50 advantageously comprise damping means.
  • the damping means are preferably formed by an elastic and compressible buffer 57 forming the contact interface 54 between the active parts 51, 52, and adapted, by compressing itself, to store the energy corresponding to the momentum of the part active mobile 51, thus preventing the latter from bouncing against the fixed active part 52.
  • the contact means 56 and the damping means are formed by the same elastomer pad 57.
  • the damping means thus make it possible to improve the efficiency of the shearing of the electric arc 40.
  • the support of the active parts 51, 52 appears to the applicant as a particularly effective technical solution to ensure the shearing of the electric arc 40.
  • the active parts 51, 52 do not come directly against each other but are mounted so as to cross, preferably with a small clearance, when opening the disconnecting means 30. In this case, the active parts 51, 52 simultaneously exert on the electric arc 40 substantially opposite shear stresses.
  • the shearing means 50 comprise means for releasing a gas, the latter being designed to generate gaseous flows ⁇ , ⁇ 'large enough to ensure the shearing of the electric arc 40 ( Figure 2 ', 2 " ).
  • the gaseous flows ⁇ , ⁇ 'thus generated are directed towards the electric arc 40 in different directions, preferably centripetal, and exert pressure sufficient mechanical forces on the electric arc to obtain a reduction of its section.
  • the release means are preferably formed by at least one of the active parts 51, 52, which is composed of a material capable of releasing a gas under the effect of the heat generated by the electric arc 40.
  • the mobile active part 51 comes into contact with the electric arc 40, heats up, at least locally in the region located near the arc. This heating releases gaseous flows ⁇ , which directly attack the electric arc 40, moreover stuck between the mobile active part 51 and the fixed active part 52.
  • each active part 51, 52 is composed of a material capable of releasing a gas under the effect of heat, the release means then allowing, in this configuration, to generate gas flows ⁇ , ⁇ 'substantially opposite allowing a circumferential and centripetal attack of the electric arc 40 even more effective than the configuration illustrated on the figure 2 ' .
  • the material used to produce the release means will have the ability to release, under the effect of heat, hydrogen, this gas being known for its cooling properties.
  • the released hydrogen can thus act on the electric arc 40 not only by exerting a mechanical pressure on the latter, but also by cooling.
  • the shearing means 50 according to the invention thus make it possible to significantly increase the impedance of the electric arc 40, and thus to reduce the intensity of the electric arc 40. current passed by the latter.
  • polyacetal or polyoxymethylene may be used as material capable of releasing a gas.
  • the contact means 56 or damping are also formed by a material capable of releasing a gas. This material will then, of course, have additional properties of elasticity and flexibility giving the contact means 56 or damping their functional characteristics.
  • this preferred embodiment makes it possible, by means of the same parts, to increase the efficiency of the mechanical shear of the electric arc 40 by means of the mechanical pressure exerted simultaneously on the one hand by the gas flows Une, ⁇ 'and secondly by the driving forces FM and R reaction.
  • Such an arrangement therefore makes it possible, with a minimum number of parts, to accelerate the effective disconnection of the protection component 10 by ensuring a rapid extinction of the 40 electric arc possibly formed.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of improving the breaking capacity of a protection device 1 of an electrical installation against overvoltages, within which an electric arc 40 is likely to form during the disconnection of the device. protection 1 vis-à-vis the electrical installation.
  • the process advantageously comprises a step (a) of shearing of the electric arc 40, during which the electric arc is attacked, preferably simultaneously, in at least two different, preferably opposite directions, so as to reduce its section.
  • the shearing step (a) comprises a phase of constriction of the electric arc 40 between at least two active parts 51, 52.
  • the shearing step (a) advantageously also comprises a gas flow generation phase ⁇ , ⁇ 'of intensities sufficiently large to ensure the shearing of the electric arc 40.
  • the process according to the invention finally advantageously comprises a step (b) of cooling the electric arc 40 making it possible, by decreasing the temperature of the arc, to increase the impedance of the latter and thus to reduce the intensity. of the elapsed current.
  • the steps (a) of shearing and (b) cooling are performed simultaneously, with means for releasing a common gas.
  • FIGS. Figures 1 to 5 The operation of the protection device 1 in accordance with the invention will now be described with reference to the preferred variants represented in FIGS. Figures 1 to 5 .
  • the protective device 1 When an overvoltage of sufficient amplitude occurs, the protective device 1, shunted in relation to the electrical installation, becomes conductive and flows to the earth surge current, thus preserving the installation.
  • the thermal welding ensuring the contact connection between the disconnection blade 31 (or the disconnection means 30) and the electrode 21 (or the connection means 20) of the protective component 10 melts or breaks.
  • the disconnection blade 31 then moves away, by spring effect, from the electrode 21, thus creating the interstitial space 11, formed by an insulating air space. It can then be formed, simultaneously with the opening, an electric arc 40 in the air located in the interstitial space 11, this electric arc 40 then extending substantially longitudinally between the electrode 21 and the disconnection blade 31. preferably using the shortest path between these two rooms.
  • the disconnection blade 31 releases the mobile active part 51, initially resting against the blade.
  • the movable active part 51 is pushed towards the fixed active part 52 until it comes into abutment against the latter, by means of the contact means 56.
  • the front portion 55 of the mobile active part 51 collapses against the contact means 56 and / or damping which thus provide a firm, tight and / or without rebound of the active parts 51, 52 l against each other.
  • the space available for the electric arc 40 is reduced, which has the effect of strangling and reducing its section, thus increasing its impedance.
  • the electric arc 40 is sheared between the latter, which results in an even greater reduction of its section.
  • the front part 55 of the moving active part 51 situated near or in contact with the electric arc 40, sees its temperature increase strongly and then releases gaseous flows ⁇ of intensities and speeds sufficiently high to ensure the shearing of the electric arc 40.
  • the electric arc 40 is thus sheared on the one hand between the mobile active part 51 and the fixed active part 52 and on the other hand between the gaseous flows ⁇ converging towards the electric arc 40 at the contact interface 54 between the active parts 51, 52.
  • the electric arc 40 is thus enclosed in a "mini-cavity " 58 where it is subjected firstly to the driving forces FM and R of the active parts 51, 52 of the shearing means 50, and secondly convergent gas flows ⁇ , ⁇ '.
  • the liberated gases preferably hydrogen, also have the effect of lowering the temperature of the electric arc which, in combination with the reduction of its section, contributes to increasing its impedance and decreasing the intensity of the current flowing. , so that the final insulation of the protection component 10 is more rapidly obtained with respect to the electrical installation.
  • the protection device 1 according to the invention thus makes it possible, thanks to a particularly simple, robust and reliable mounting, to ensure a rapid and systematic disconnection of the protection component 10 in the event of degradation or failure of the latter.
  • the protection device 1 according to the invention thus has significantly better performance than known devices in terms of isolation and disconnection.
  • the protective device 1 according to the invention also has an improved resistance to degradation and conductive pollution generated by the electric arc 40, thus keeping its isolation capabilities longer.
  • the invention finds its industrial application in the manufacture of devices for protection against overvoltages.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)

Claims (23)

  1. Vorrichtung (1) zum Schutz einer elektrischen Anlage vor Überspannungen, die Folgendes umfasst:
    - mindestens ein Schutzbauelement (10), das mit Mitteln (20) zur Verbindung mit der elektrischen Anlage versehen ist,
    - ein Mittel (30) zum Trennen des Schutzbauelements (10) von der elektrischen Anlage, das angepasst ist, um die Trennung dieses letzteren im Bereich der Verbindungsmittel (20) zu gewährleisten und sich ausgehend von einer geschlossenen Stellung in Richtung einer geöffneten Stellung verschieben kann und so einen Zwischenraum (11) zwischen dem Trennmittel (30) und den Verbindungsmitteln (20) schafft, wobei sich dann ein Lichtbogen (40) im Zwischenraum (11) zwischen dem Trennmittel (30) und den Verbindungsmitteln (20) bilden kann, und
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Folgendes umfasst:
    - Mittel (50) zum Schneiden des Lichtbogens (40), die angepasst sind, um den Lichtbogen (40) derart gemäß mindestens zwei verschiedenen Richtungen anzugreifen, dass sein Querschnitt vermindert wird, wobei die Schneidmittel (50) Folgendes umfassen:
    ● mindestens zwei aktive Abschnitte (51, 52), die geeignet sind, sich bei der Öffnung des Trennmittels (30) aneinander anzunähern, derart, dass durch gegenseitiges Zusammenwirken das Schneiden des Lichtbogens (40) gewährleistet wird, wobei die aktiven Abschnitte (51, 52) derart angebracht sind, dass sie bei der Öffnung des Trennmittels (30) gegeneinander zur Anlage kommen, wodurch die Einschnürung des Lichtbogens (40) gewährleistet wird, und
    ● Kontaktmittel (56), die geeignet sind, eine im Wesentlichen dichte Inanlagebringung der aktiven Abschnitte (51, 52) zu gewährleisten, wobei die Kontaktmittel (56) durch ein im Wesentlichen biegsames Material gebildet sind, das sich am Ende von einem der aktiven Abschnitte (51, 52) befindet.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schneidmittel (50) angepasst sind, um den Lichtbogen (40) durch seitliche Annäherung gemäß zwei im Wesentlichen entgegengesetzten Richtungen (F1, F2) anzugreifen.
  3. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schneidmittel (50) mindestens einen beweglichen aktiven Abschnitt (51) umfassen, der geeignet ist, sich bei der Öffnung des Trennmittels (30) im Zwischenraum (11) zu bewegen, und mit einer isolierenden Klappe (41) versehen ist, die dazu bestimmt ist, zwischen das Trennmittel (30) und die Verbindungsmittel (20) zwischengeschaltet zu werden, wenn das Trennmittel (30) sich in der geöffneten Stellung befindet.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schneidmittel (50) mindestens einen festen aktiven Abschnitt (52) umfassen, der einen Anschlag gegen den beweglichen aktiven Abschnitt (51) bildet.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schneidmittel (50) mindestens zwei bewegliche aktive Abschnitte umfassen, die geeignet sind, sich bei der Öffnung des Trennmittels (30) aneinander anzunähern.
  6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kontaktmittel (56) derart angeordnet sind, dass sie die Kontaktgrenzfläche (54) zwischen den aktiven Abschnitten (51, 52) bilden, wenn das Trennmittel (30) sich in der geöffneten Stellung befindet.
  7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kontaktmittel (56) aus einem Elastomermaterial gebildet sind.
  8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schneidmittel (50) Dämpfungsmittel umfassen, die geeignet sind, bei der Inanlagebringung der aktiven Abschnitte (51, 52) das Zurückprallen von einem der aktiven Abschnitte (51, 52) in Bezug zum anderen zu verhindern.
  9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dämpfungsmittel aus einem elastischen Dämpfer (57) bestehen, der die Kontaktgrenzfläche (54) zwischen den aktiven Abschnitten (51, 52) bildet.
  10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kontaktmittel (56) und die Dämpfungsmittel durch einen selben elastischen und biegsamen Dämpfer (57) gebildet sind.
  11. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schneidmittel (50) Mittel zur Freisetzung eines Gases umfassen, die gestaltet sind, um Gasströme (Φ, Φ') zu erzeugen, die groß genug sind, um das Schneiden des Lichtbogens (40) zu gewährleisten.
  12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens einer der aktiven Abschnitte (51, 52) aus einem Material besteht, das geeignet ist, unter der Wirkung der durch den Lichtbogen (40) erzeugten Hitze ein Gas freizusetzen, wobei der aktive Abschnitt dann die Freisetzungsmittel bildet.
  13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gas Wasserstoff ist.
  14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Material auf Polyacetal- oder auf Polyoxymethylenbasis hergestellt ist.
  15. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der bewegliche aktive Abschnitt (51) und das Trennmittel (30) derart in Bezug zueinander angebracht sind, dass bei der Öffnung des Trennmittels (30) dieses letztere den beweglichen aktiven Abschnitt (51) freigibt und so die Verschiebung dieses letzteren zulässt.
  16. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schneidmittel (50) ein elastisches Rückstellmittel (70) umfassen, das derart angebracht ist, dass eine elastische Rückstellkraft auf den beweglichen aktiven Abschnitt (51) ausgeübt wird, die dazu neigt, ihn in Richtung des anderen aktiven Abschnitts (52) zurückzudrängen.
  17. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der bewegliche aktive Abschnitt (51) derart angebracht ist, dass er sich translatorisch verschieben kann.
  18. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der bewegliche aktive Abschnitt (51) derart angebracht ist, dass er sich drehbar verschieben kann.
  19. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die isolierende Klappe durch eine Hülle gebildet ist, die derart angepasst ist, dass sie das Trennmittel (30) und/oder die Verbindungsmittel (20) zumindest teilweise umgibt, wenn das Trennmittel (30) sich in der geöffneten Stellung befindet.
  20. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hülle durch eine Hülse (44) gebildet ist, die einen U-förmigen Querschnitt aufweist.
  21. Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Schaltleistung einer Vorrichtung (1) zum Schutz einer elektrischen Anlage vor Überspannungen, in der sich bei der Trennung der Schutzvorrichtung (1) von der elektrischen Anlage ein Lichtbogen (40) bilden kann, wobei das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Schutzvorrichtung eine Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche ist, und dadurch, dass das Verfahren einen Schritt (a) des Schneidens des Lichtbogens (40) umfasst, während dessen der Lichtbogen (40) derart gemäß mindestens zwei verschiedenen Richtungen angegriffen wird, dass sein Querschnitt vermindert wird, wobei der Schritt (a) des Schneidens eine Phase der Einschnürung des Lichtbogens (40) zwischen mindestens zwei aktiven Abschnitten (51, 52) umfasst, wobei die Schneidmittel (50) Kontaktmittel (56) umfassen, die geeignet sind, eine im Wesentlichen dichte Inanlagebringung der aktiven Abschnitte (51, 52) zu gewährleisten, wobei die Kontaktmittel (56) aus einem im Wesentlichen biegsamen Material gebildet sind, das sich am Ende von einem der aktiven Abschnitte (51, 52) befindet.
  22. Verfahren nach Anspruch 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schritt (a) des Schneidens eine Phase der Erzeugung von Gasströmen (Φ, Φ') umfasst, deren Stärke ausreichend groß ist, um das Schneiden des Lichtbogens (40) zu gewährleisten.
  23. Verfahren nach Anspruch 21 oder 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es einen Schritt (b) des Kühlens des Lichtbogens (40) umfasst.
EP04791500A 2004-10-08 2004-10-08 Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung mit bogenschneidmitteln und entsprechendes verfahren Not-in-force EP1803137B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/FR2004/002548 WO2006040418A1 (fr) 2004-10-08 2004-10-08 Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions pourvu de moyens de cisaillement d’arc et procede correspondant

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EP1803137A1 EP1803137A1 (de) 2007-07-04
EP1803137B1 true EP1803137B1 (de) 2012-12-05

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FR2912252B1 (fr) * 2007-02-01 2009-03-06 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions a electrode mobile avec systeme de deverrouillage du dispositif de deconnexion
DE102009004703B4 (de) * 2008-08-25 2014-05-28 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Überspannungsableiter mit mindestens einem Ableitelement
DE102010010980A1 (de) * 2010-03-10 2011-09-15 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Überspannungsschutzelement
FR2958788B1 (fr) * 2010-04-09 2015-01-30 Abb France Varistance comprenant une electrode avec une partie en saillie formant pole et parafoudre comprenant une telle varistance
FR2958789B1 (fr) * 2010-04-09 2012-05-11 Abb France Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions transitoires a deconnecteur thermique ameliore
DE102011122863B3 (de) * 2010-10-29 2016-06-02 DEHN + SÖHNE GmbH + Co. KG. Verfahren zur Ausbildung einer thermischen Trennstelle
FR2984006B1 (fr) * 2011-12-07 2017-05-12 Legrand France Boitier pour dispositif de protection contre les surtensions et dispositif de protection contre les surtensions associe.
LU100141B1 (de) * 2017-03-15 2018-09-19 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co Reihenklemmen
CN107946109B (zh) * 2017-12-23 2021-01-12 珠海德利和电气有限公司 一种避雷器拉弧保护装置
DE102018109389A1 (de) 2018-04-19 2019-10-24 Tdk Electronics Ag Schaltvorrichtung

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DE102019106960B4 (de) * 2019-03-19 2020-10-29 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektronisches Bauteil

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ES2399966T3 (es) 2013-04-04
EP1803137A1 (de) 2007-07-04
CN1879182B (zh) 2010-12-01
CN1879182A (zh) 2006-12-13

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