EP0027061A1 - Blitzableitervorrichtung, welche ein äusserliches Kurzschliessen erlaubt, und entsprechende Schutzeinheit - Google Patents

Blitzableitervorrichtung, welche ein äusserliches Kurzschliessen erlaubt, und entsprechende Schutzeinheit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0027061A1
EP0027061A1 EP80400986A EP80400986A EP0027061A1 EP 0027061 A1 EP0027061 A1 EP 0027061A1 EP 80400986 A EP80400986 A EP 80400986A EP 80400986 A EP80400986 A EP 80400986A EP 0027061 A1 EP0027061 A1 EP 0027061A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arrester
outer casing
fusible element
elastic
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP80400986A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0027061B1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Cholley
François Guichard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CITEL SAS
Original Assignee
CITEL SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR7924916A external-priority patent/FR2466854A1/fr
Priority claimed from FR8012962A external-priority patent/FR2484695A1/fr
Application filed by CITEL SAS filed Critical CITEL SAS
Publication of EP0027061A1 publication Critical patent/EP0027061A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0027061B1 publication Critical patent/EP0027061B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H01T4/12—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel hermetically sealed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the production of a gas arrester intended in particular for protecting electronic circuits against overvoltages.
  • the invention also relates to the production of protection assemblies using such lightning arresters.
  • gas surge arresters also called spark gaps, surge protectors or voltage limiters
  • surge arresters of this type, when they allow the flow of an amount of energy greater than a threshold, definitively short-circuit to ensure effective protection of the circuit to be protected; when the aforementioned energy threshold is exceeded, the energy being dissipated in the surge arrester, it overheats and its temperature can reach approximately 600 ° C.: it is therefore necessary to establish an important flow path thanks to short-circuiting the surge arrester (the resistance must then be less than lj L ).
  • a device of this type comprises, for example, a surge arrester having an outer casing containing two electrodes, which face each other and which are connected to two external contacts carried by the ceramic casing; this arrester is placed inside a case and one of the contacts rests on a fusible metal washer electrically connected to one of the two terminals between which the device is inserted, the other terminal being electrically connected to the second contact carried by the ceramic envelope.
  • the surge arrester allows an overvoltage to pass and if the energy exceeds a predetermined threshold, the fuse metal washer melts and the liquid metal spreads in the case. So that this liquid metal comes to establish, in a sure way, a short-circuit between the two contacts associated with the two electrodes of the arrester, it is compulsory, on the one hand, to have a shoemaker leaving an important passage around the arrester and, on the other hand, to impose a determined orientation on device so that, by gravity, the molten metal can come into the case to establish the desired short circuit between the two contacts of the arrester. It can therefore be seen that, in the state of the art, devices of this type are necessarily very bulky and of imposed orientation. Other surge arresters with external short-circuiting have also been proposed, but they correspond to complicated devices, the cost price of which is high.
  • the object of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks presented by lightning arresters with short-circuiting of known type. More specifically, the object of the present invention is to describe a surge arrester device with external short-circuiting, the orientation of which can be arbitrary and whose size, although slightly larger than for the surge arresters with shorting- interior circuit, remains nevertheless relatively reduced.
  • a state-of-the-art arrester with internal short-circuiting as described for example in French patent applications 77-08189 and 79-06738, comprises an outer casing which contains at least one metal rod forming a electrode; the outer envelope defines an enclosure, which contains an inert gas under reduced pressure; each electrode is carried by the casing and projects outside of it; the connection between the rod forming the electrode and the envelope is made in a sealed and electrically insulating manner, by means of a glass bead.
  • an elastically displaceable member with respect to the external envelope.
  • This member is supported elastically on a fusible element, which liquefies, when the energy which flows by the surge arrester exceeds a predetermined threshold; when the fusible element has melted, the aforementioned member, under the effect of the elastic force to which it is subjected, moves relative to the outer envelope and comes to ensure the desired external short-circuiting.
  • the device according to the invention being a device with external short-circuiting, avoids the drawbacks inherent in surge arresters with internal short-circuiting. If the energy passing through the arrester is only slightly below the threshold causing short-circuiting, there is no modification of the arrester; the arrester of the device can therefore subsequently correctly fulfill its role, since the relative position of the electrodes in the outer envelope of the arrester has not varied.
  • the device according to the invention is particularly advantageous, given that its external dimensions are only very little greater than that of an internal short-circuit arrester; moreover, the device according to the invention can be used whatever its orientation, since the molten metal of the fusible element does not ensure any contact, said fusible element playing only a role of temporary hold, which disappears when the threshold d tolerable energy is exceeded.
  • the resistance of the arrester according to the invention after its short-circuiting is of the order of 0.1 ohm, so that the damaged arrester cannot be the seat of a dangerous release of heat.
  • the present invention therefore has as its object a lightning arrester device intended, in particular, to protect an electronic circuit against the effects of an overvoltage, this device comprising a lightning arrester consisting of an external envelope, which contains at least one metal rod forming an electrode, the outer envelope defining an enclosure which contains an inert gas under reduced pressure, each electrode of said arrester being carried by said outer envelope and projecting outside of said envelope, characterized in that at least one of the electrodes of the external envelope is associated with a conductive member which is elastically displaceable relative to the envelope and in electrical contact with a blade of the device, said member resting on a fusible element and being able to come elastically, when the fusible element is melted, in electrical contact with at least one electrode constituting another blade of the device.
  • the elastically displaceable conductive member is an elastic member.
  • the fusible element may be a pellet disposed between the external envelope of the arrester of the device and the elastic member with which said said is associated. pastille; the patch can then be bonded to the outer envelope or to the corresponding elastic member. It is also possible, as a variant, for the fusible element to have the form of a ring surrounding the outer envelope; the ring can then be centered on the metal sleeve, which contains the insulator by which the electrode with which the elastic member associated with said ring is maintained is maintained.
  • the fusible element can also be a ball, 1 mm in diameter for example, welded, wedged or wedged between the elastic member and the outer envelope of the arrester.
  • the outer envelope can be associated with a single electrode; in this case, the outer casing is advantageously metallic and itself constitutes an electrode of the arrester; the elastic member then comprises a fixing ring tightened on the metallic outer casing of the arrester and an elastic blade resting on the fusible element.
  • the outer envelope can also be associated with two electrodes; in this case, it is preferred that the two elastic members associated with the two electrodes of the outer envelope constitute a single piece carried by said outer envelope; the single piece constituting these two elastic members comprises a tightening ring on the outer casing, on either side of which is disposed an elastic blade bearing on a fusible element carried by the outer casing; the two elastic blades are symmetrical with respect to the fixing ring.
  • the outer casing is metallic and constitutes one of the poles of the arrester; in a second variant, the outer envelope is made of ceramic.
  • the elastic member when the elastic member comprises an elastic blade, the latter preferably comprises a part substantially parallel to the outer envelope, the l the free end is bent at right angles to the corresponding electrode; in addition, the elastic member which is fixed to said outer casing can advantageously consist of a cut sheet and folded made of beryllium bronze or beryllium copper; the dimensioning of the elastic member is provided so that said member allows the passage of energy, which must pass through the arrester in the event of a short circuit, without any difficulty, which is generally achieved by using a blade a few millimeters in width and a few tenths of a millimeter in thickness.
  • the fusible element consists of a metal alloy having a melting point of between 65 ° C and 165 ° C approximately; the alloy used can be an entectic or an alloy close to an entectic to ensure a frank fusion of the fusible element; a so-called “WOOD metal” alloy can be used, having a melting point of 70 ° and consisting of 50% bismuth, 25% lead, 12.5% tin and 12.5%. cadmium; it is also possible to use an alloy known as "LICHTENBERG" which melts at approximately 100 ° C. and which consists of 50%.
  • bismuth, 20% tin and 30% lead or an alloy that melts at 140 ° C and which consists of 58% bismuth and 42% tin, or an alloy that melts at about 240 ° C and which consists of 95% tin and 5% antimony, all of the above percentages being percentages by weight.
  • the outer casing of the arrester of the device according to the invention is a metallic casing
  • it is advantageously made of nickel-plated steel and the rods forming the electrodes are made of an iron-nickel-cobalt alloy known as "KOVAR" allowing the welding of the glass bead which provides the mechanical connection between the outer casing and the electrode in question.
  • KVAR iron-nickel-cobalt alloy
  • the outer envelope of the arrester of a arrester device has been designated by 1; this outer casing consists of a metal cylinder having a bottom 1a in the central zone of which there is an outer rod 1b which constitutes the first terminal of the arrester.
  • the outer casing 1 is connected by a solder 2 to a sleeve 3 made of an iron-nickel-cobalt alloy called "KOVAR".
  • the sleeve 3 is engaged in the outer casing 1 until it bears against a shoulder 4.
  • a rod 5 which projects outside the arrester and whose end 5a constitutes the second electrode of the arrester, this second electrode being opposite the bottom inside the outer casing 1.
  • the rod 5 is connected to the sleeve 3 by a glass bead 6 and it is produced in the same metal as the sleeve 3.
  • the glass bead 6 constitutes a plug, which isolates from the outside the zone of the envelope 1 where the electrode 5a is arranged, this zone constituting an enclosure, where there is a rare gas , such as argon, under reduced pressure; into the atmosphere of this enclosure, a material is introduced intended to reduce the starting voltage of the arrester.
  • the arrester which has just been described is well known in the state of the art and corresponds to the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 3.
  • the elastic member 7 comprises a ring 7a, which elastically encloses the outer envelope and which, if desired, can be connected to it by a soldering point after its installation.
  • the ring 7a is integral with an elastic blade 7b, the end of which which is opposite to the blade 7a, is folded at right angles to form a return 7c.
  • the elastic member 7 is made of beryllium bronze by cutting and folding a sheet of 0.2 mm thick; in the example described, the outer casing 1 and its sleeve 3 have an axial length of approximately 15 mm, the ring 7a has an axial length of approximately 5 mm, the elastic blade 7b has a length of approximately 9 mm and the return angle 7c has a length of approximately 3 mm; the width of the blade 7b and the return angle 7c is 2 mm and the diameter of the arrester is approximately 5 mm.
  • a futible element 8 which consists of a square patch with a side of 2 mm and a millimeter in thickness. This patch can be glued to the face of the elastic blade 7b, which faces the envelope 1, in order to ensure easy installation. Due to the elasticity of the blade 7b, the pad 8 is applied against the outer casing 1 and the end of the square return 7c is then, as shown in Figure 1, about 1 mm from the rod 5 If the arrester is subjected to an overvoltage, an arc is established between the electrode 5a and the outer envelope 1 of the arrester and this arc causes the outer envelope 1 to heat up.
  • the nature of the metal of which the pellet 8 is made is chosen, as a function of the energy threshold that the surge arrester must allow to pass without short-circuiting.
  • FIG. 3 represents another embodiment of the arrester device according to the invention; in this embodiment, the surge arrester itself is identical to that which has been described for FIG. 1, that is to say that all the elements bearing references between 1 and 6 inclusive are the same as for the embodiment of Figure 1.
  • the elastic member of the arrester is also the same as the elastic member 7 shown in Figures 1 and 2. The only difference comes from the particular embodiment of the fusible element, which is associated with the elastic blade 7b of the member 7.
  • the fuse element designated by 18 is constituted by a metal ring disposed around the projecting part of the sleeve 3.
  • the ring 18 comes to bear against the shoulder that constitutes the border of the cylindrical lateral wall of the envelope 1 and the ring 18 is held against this border by the return at right angles 7c to the elastic member 7.
  • the elastic member 7 is put in place on the outer casing 1, positioning it so that the angle return 7c maintains the ring 18 in position.
  • the operation of this embodiment is the same as that which has been described for the embodiment of FIG. 1, the fusion of the ring 18 causing the arrester to short-circuit by contact between the return angle 7c and rod 5.
  • the outer casing of the arrester of the device according to the invention has been designated by 21; this outer envelope consists of a metal cylinder which, at each of its ends, is connected by a solder 22 to a sleeve 23 made of an iron-nickel-cobalt alloy called "KOVAR".
  • the sleeve 23 is engaged in the outer casing 21 until it bears against a shoulder 24.
  • a rod 251,252 which projects outside the arrester; the ends 251a, 252a of the two rods 251 and 252 respectively constitute the two electrodes inside the outer envelope 21.
  • the two rods 251 and 252 are each connected to their sleeve 23 by a glass bead 26; they are made of the same metal as the sleeves 23.
  • the glass bead 26 constitutes a stopper, which isolates from the outside the zone of the envelope 21, where the electrodes 251a and 252a are arranged, this zone constituting an enclosure where there is a rare gas, such as argon, under reduced pressure; into the atmosphere of this enclosure, a material is introduced intended to reduce the starting voltage of the arrester.
  • the arrester which has just been described, is well known in the state of the art.
  • a metal part designated by 27 as a whole has been put in place.
  • the part 27 comprises, in its central zone, a ring 27a, which elastically encloses the outer envelope 21 and which, if desired, can be connected to it by a weld point after its installation.
  • On either side of the ring 27a are two elastic members 271 and 272 symmetrical with respect to the ring 27a; each of these elastic members 271 and 272 consists of an elastic blade 271b and 272b respectively, each elastic blade having its end, which is opposite to the ring 27a, folded at right angles to form a return 271c and 272c respectively.
  • Piece 27 is made of beryllium bronze by cutting and folding a sheet of 0.2 mm thick; in the example described, the outer casing 21 and its sleeves 23 have an axial length of 16 mm, the ring 27a has an axial length of approximately 5 mm, the elastic blades 271b and 272b have a length of approximately 6 mm and the square returns 271c and 272c have a length of about 3 mm; the width of the blades 271b and 272b and the corresponding square returns is 2 mm and the diameter of the arrester is about 6 mm.
  • a fusible element 28 which consists of a square patch of 2 mm side and 1 mm thick. This patch can be glued to the faces of the elastic blades 271b and 272b which are opposite the envelope 21, in order to ensure easy installation. Due to elasticity blades 271b and 272b, the pellets 28 are applied against the outer casing 21 and the ends of the square returns 271c and 272c are then, as shown in Figure 4, about 1 mm from the rods 251 and 252 respectively.
  • this simultaneous short-circuiting of the two electrodes 251 and 252 is particularly advantageous because, usually, on three-pole surge arresters having an internal short-circuiting, only the electrode which is subjected to the overvoltage short-circuits the outer envelope, the other electrode keeping a high ignition voltage; it follows that, in the prior art, the surge arrester becomes asymmetrical which is often harmful to the protected circuit. On the contrary, the three-pole arrester according to the invention, which has just been described, allows the simultaneous short-circuiting of the two electrodes with the outer casing.
  • the nature of the metal from which the chip 28 is made is chosen, as a function of the energy threshold that the surge arrester must allow to pass without short-circuiting.

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  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
EP80400986A 1979-10-05 1980-06-30 Blitzableitervorrichtung, welche ein äusserliches Kurzschliessen erlaubt, und entsprechende Schutzeinheit Expired EP0027061B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7924916A FR2466854A1 (fr) 1979-10-05 1979-10-05 Parafoudre a enveloppe metallique permettant une mise en court-circuit exterieure
FR7924916 1979-10-05
FR8012962A FR2484695A1 (fr) 1980-06-11 1980-06-11 Parafoudre permettant une mise en court-circuit exterieure
FR8012962 1980-06-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0027061A1 true EP0027061A1 (de) 1981-04-15
EP0027061B1 EP0027061B1 (de) 1984-10-10

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ID=26221385

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80400986A Expired EP0027061B1 (de) 1979-10-05 1980-06-30 Blitzableitervorrichtung, welche ein äusserliches Kurzschliessen erlaubt, und entsprechende Schutzeinheit

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0027061B1 (de)
BR (1) BR8006402A (de)
DE (1) DE3069411D1 (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2545644A1 (fr) * 1983-05-02 1984-11-09 Int Standard Electric Corp Protecteur antisurtension
EP0308553A1 (de) * 1987-09-24 1989-03-29 Semitron Industries Limited Anordnung zur Unterdrückung von Ausgleichstrom
GB2222023A (en) * 1988-08-10 1990-02-21 Sankosha Co Ltd Arrester apparatus
EP0366439A2 (de) * 1988-10-26 1990-05-02 Sony Corporation Magnetischer Plattenspieler
GB2230900A (en) * 1989-04-24 1990-10-31 Semitron Cricklade Ltd Electrical components
FR2659504A1 (fr) * 1990-03-09 1991-09-13 Sofycom Receptacle de securite pour parafoudre de protection de ligne telephonique.
KR100372975B1 (ko) * 1999-03-16 2003-02-25 빙린 양 칩이 없는 서지 흡수기
WO2014118404A1 (es) * 2013-02-04 2014-08-07 Segu Camps Ricardo Método de protección para dispositivos eléctricos y dispositivo eléctrico protegido
CN113393987A (zh) * 2021-06-03 2021-09-14 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 带有绝缘层的避雷器芯体、避雷器本体及多柱并联避雷器

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3564473A (en) * 1967-11-21 1971-02-16 Joslyn Mfg & Supply Co Surge protector
FR2303371A1 (fr) * 1975-03-03 1976-10-01 Claude Tube protecteur de surcharges
US3993933A (en) * 1975-02-20 1976-11-23 Ceac Of Illinois, Inc. Electric overvoltage gas arrester with metallic shorting mechanism
US4034326A (en) * 1975-04-17 1977-07-05 Comtelco (U.K.) Limited Temperature sensitive trip device
DE2617901A1 (de) * 1976-04-23 1977-11-03 Schiederwerk Schieder Kg K Fassung mit kurzschlussbruecke fuer ueberspannungsableiter
FR2351520A1 (fr) * 1976-05-12 1977-12-09 Reliable Electric Co Dispositif de protection d'une ligne electrique
DE2911110A1 (de) * 1979-03-21 1980-09-25 Siemens Ag Gasentladungs-ueberspannungsableiter mit fail-safe-verhalten

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2384371A1 (fr) * 1977-03-18 1978-10-13 Citel Parafoudre a enveloppe metallique soudee

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3564473A (en) * 1967-11-21 1971-02-16 Joslyn Mfg & Supply Co Surge protector
US3993933A (en) * 1975-02-20 1976-11-23 Ceac Of Illinois, Inc. Electric overvoltage gas arrester with metallic shorting mechanism
FR2303371A1 (fr) * 1975-03-03 1976-10-01 Claude Tube protecteur de surcharges
US4034326A (en) * 1975-04-17 1977-07-05 Comtelco (U.K.) Limited Temperature sensitive trip device
DE2617901A1 (de) * 1976-04-23 1977-11-03 Schiederwerk Schieder Kg K Fassung mit kurzschlussbruecke fuer ueberspannungsableiter
FR2351520A1 (fr) * 1976-05-12 1977-12-09 Reliable Electric Co Dispositif de protection d'une ligne electrique
DE2911110A1 (de) * 1979-03-21 1980-09-25 Siemens Ag Gasentladungs-ueberspannungsableiter mit fail-safe-verhalten
EP0016242A1 (de) * 1979-03-21 1980-10-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gasentladungs-Überspannungsableiter mit betriebssicherem Verhalten

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2545644A1 (fr) * 1983-05-02 1984-11-09 Int Standard Electric Corp Protecteur antisurtension
EP0308553A1 (de) * 1987-09-24 1989-03-29 Semitron Industries Limited Anordnung zur Unterdrückung von Ausgleichstrom
GB2222023A (en) * 1988-08-10 1990-02-21 Sankosha Co Ltd Arrester apparatus
US4984125A (en) * 1988-08-10 1991-01-08 Sankosha Corporation Arrester apparatus
GB2222023B (en) * 1988-08-10 1992-10-28 Sankosha Co Ltd Arrester apparatus
EP0366439A2 (de) * 1988-10-26 1990-05-02 Sony Corporation Magnetischer Plattenspieler
EP0366439A3 (de) * 1988-10-26 1991-01-30 Sony Corporation Magnetischer Plattenspieler
GB2230900A (en) * 1989-04-24 1990-10-31 Semitron Cricklade Ltd Electrical components
FR2659504A1 (fr) * 1990-03-09 1991-09-13 Sofycom Receptacle de securite pour parafoudre de protection de ligne telephonique.
KR100372975B1 (ko) * 1999-03-16 2003-02-25 빙린 양 칩이 없는 서지 흡수기
WO2014118404A1 (es) * 2013-02-04 2014-08-07 Segu Camps Ricardo Método de protección para dispositivos eléctricos y dispositivo eléctrico protegido
CN113393987A (zh) * 2021-06-03 2021-09-14 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 带有绝缘层的避雷器芯体、避雷器本体及多柱并联避雷器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR8006402A (pt) 1981-04-14
DE3069411D1 (en) 1984-11-15
EP0027061B1 (de) 1984-10-10

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