EP1953788B1 - Vorrichtung zum Schutz gegen Überspannungen mit beweglicher Elektrode und Entriegelungssystem der Verbindungsunterbrechungsvorrichtung - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum Schutz gegen Überspannungen mit beweglicher Elektrode und Entriegelungssystem der Verbindungsunterbrechungsvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1953788B1
EP1953788B1 EP08354007A EP08354007A EP1953788B1 EP 1953788 B1 EP1953788 B1 EP 1953788B1 EP 08354007 A EP08354007 A EP 08354007A EP 08354007 A EP08354007 A EP 08354007A EP 1953788 B1 EP1953788 B1 EP 1953788B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
energy
electrode
voltage surge
limiter
contacts
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP08354007A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1953788A1 (de
Inventor
Eric Domejean
Christophe Grumel
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1953788A1 publication Critical patent/EP1953788A1/de
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Publication of EP1953788B1 publication Critical patent/EP1953788B1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/10—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess voltage, e.g. for lightning protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H01H2071/044—Monitoring, detection or measuring systems to establish the end of life of the switching device, can also contain other on-line monitoring systems, e.g. for detecting mechanical failures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H01H37/761—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/14—Adaptation for built-in safety spark gaps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/46—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using arcing horns
    • H01H9/465—Shunt circuit closed by transferring the arc onto an auxiliary electrode

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an overvoltage protection device comprising an overvoltage limiter with non-linear elements variable with the voltage and a disconnection device with electrical contacts electrically arranged in series with the surge protector.
  • the disconnecting device comprises a mechanism for actuating opening of the electrical contacts.
  • the protection device comprises a first and a second connection pad.
  • Overvoltage protection devices include an overvoltage limiter with non-linear elements variable with the voltage and a contact disconnection device actuated by an actuating mechanism.
  • the surge protector and the disconnect device are connected in series.
  • the contact disconnection device can adopt a triggering position and a latching position respectively corresponding to the open state and the closed state of the contacts.
  • a tripping circuit cooperates with the actuating mechanism to cause the displacement of the contacts of the disconnection device to the open state especially in the event of destruction of the surge protector, especially at the end of life of said non-linear elements.
  • the surge limiter including a varistor is connected to a thermal fuse to cause the opening of the circuit when the varistor heats up due to a malfunction.
  • a heating up of the varistor can be generated by a leakage current following one or more lightning strikes.
  • the fusion of the thermal fuse is generally accompanied by the displacement of the contacts of the disconnection device to an open state.
  • the synchronization of the fusion of the thermal fuse with the opening of the contacts by the actuating mechanism is performed by a control kinematic chain comprising several mechanical means such as transmission shafts or billets.
  • the use of this kinematic control system has the disadvantage of complicating the implementation of the protection device.
  • the invention therefore aims to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art, so as to provide a device for protection against overvoltages of simplified construction.
  • the overvoltage protection device comprises an overvoltage limiter electrically connected to one of the connection pads by at least one fusible link, drive means exerting a displacement force displacing the surge protector in case of melting said at least one fuse link, moving said limiter acting directly on the actuating mechanism and causing the permanent opening of the contacts.
  • the surge protector is electrically connected to the second connection pad by a first fusible link fused in case of overheating of said limiter.
  • the first fuse link is a low temperature weld.
  • the disconnection device comprises a first connection electrode in electrical connection with the first connection pad, a second connection electrode in electrical connection with the second pad and a third pad electrode.
  • mobile arc switch electrically connected to the second connection pad.
  • the actuating mechanism moves the third moving arc switching electrode to cause permanent opening of the electrical contacts when the protective device is traversed by electric currents having an energy greater than a triggering energy threshold.
  • the surge protector is serially connected between the third movable arcing switch electrode and the second connection pad, the surge protector and the said second fusible link being simultaneously disconnected when an electric arc is switched between the first electrode connection and the second connection electrode.
  • the surge protector is electrically connected to the second connection pad by a second fusible link undergoing fusion when traversed by alternating or short-circuit electrical currents having an energy lower than a triggering energy threshold.
  • said triggering energy threshold corresponding to the threshold above which electrical currents of lightning waves of the 10/350 or 8/20 type cause permanent opening of the electrical contacts (4, 6).
  • the third movable arc switching electrode is connected to the first connection electrode by an insulating piece forming a spark gap when the electrical contacts are closed.
  • the third movable arc switching electrode is in contact with the first connection electrode when the electrical contacts are closed.
  • the surge protector comprises a varistor.
  • the surge protector comprises a varistor connected in series with a spark gap.
  • the drive means comprise a spring.
  • a high-energy disconnector is connected in series between the first connection electrode and the first connecting range, said high-energy disconnector being calibrated to disconnect when it is crossed by electric currents having an energy greater than the triggering energy threshold.
  • the high-energy disconnector comprises means for acting on the actuating mechanism to cause the permanent opening of the electrical contacts.
  • the high-energy disconnector comprises electromagnetic triggering means.
  • the high energy disconnector comprises a fuse element.
  • the overvoltage protection device 1 comprises an overvoltage limiter 2 with non-linear elements variable with the voltage and a disconnection device 3 with electrical contacts 4, 6.
  • the surge protector 2 and the disconnection device 3 are electrically series.
  • the surge protector 2 preferably comprises a varistor 21.
  • a spark gap 22 may also be placed in series with the varistor 21.
  • the disconnection device 3 comprises a first connection electrode 40 in electrical connection with a first connection pad 41 and a second connection electrode 50 in electrical connection with a second connection pad 51.
  • connection pads 41, 51 are intended to be connected respectively to a phase and the neutral or vice versa.
  • connection pads 41, 51 are intended to be connected respectively to a phase and earth or vice versa.
  • the surge protector 2 is electrically connected in series with the disconnecting device 3 by at least one fuse link 8, 9.
  • Drive means 10 permanently exert a displacement force Fd on the surge protector 2. If at least one of the fuse links is destroyed, the surge protector 2 then moves under the action of the displacement force Fd.
  • the displacement of said limiter acts directly on an actuating mechanism 7 of the disconnection device 3 to cause permanent opening of the contacts 4, 6.
  • the drive means 10 preferably comprise a spring.
  • This coil-type spring is compressed or stretched to exert the displacement force Fd directly on the varistor 21.
  • the varistor 21 is connected in series with the disconnection device 3 through two connection terminals 22, 24 .
  • a first terminal 22 is connected to the disconnection device 3 by a flexible metal braid 23, and a second terminal 24 is connected to the second connection pad 51 by a rigid pin 25 integrating said at least one fuse link 8.9.
  • the rigid axis 25 maintains the varistor 21 in a first position.
  • the electrical contacts 4, 6 are then in a closed position.
  • the rigid axis 25 releases the displacement of the varistor 21 under the action of the displacement force Fd.
  • the varistor 21 moves to act directly on the actuating mechanism 7. Indeed, as shown on the Figures 6 and 7 the varistor 21 comes into contact with a trigger bar 71 of the actuating mechanism 7 which unlocks to place the contacts 4, 6 in the permanent open position.
  • the contact disconnection device is calibrated firstly to discharge electrical currents of lightning waves of the 10/350 or 8/20 type without the actuating mechanism 7 being actuated, and secondly to actuate the actuating mechanism 7 and cause permanent opening of the contacts 4, 6 for alternating currents or continuous short circuit.
  • the calibration of the known protection devices is carried out so that the actuating mechanism 7 of the disconnection device 3 remains locked in the presence of electric currents of lightning waves type 10/350 or 8/20. It is generally undesirable for the actuating mechanism 7 of the disconnecting device 3 to be unlocked and to cause the contacts 4, 6 to open permanently whenever an electric lightning current passes through it.
  • the triggering energy threshold is directly dependent on the electric currents of 10/350 or 8/20 type lightning waves for which the opening of the contacts 4, 6 of the disconnection device 3 is not performed.
  • said triggering energy threshold corresponds to the threshold beyond which electric currents of lightning waves of the 10/350 or 8/20 type would cause permanent opening of the electrical contacts 4, 6.
  • the actuating mechanism 7 When the protection device is traversed by electric currents having an energy greater than a triggering energy threshold, the actuating mechanism 7 is actuated and moves the third moving arc switching electrode 60 and mechanically causing the permanent opening of the electrical contacts 4, 6.
  • the electric currents responsible for actuating the actuating mechanism 7 are generally alternating currents or continuous short circuit.
  • the protection device is effective and allows the flow of electric currents of lightning waves without their energy being responsible for material damage.
  • the electric currents of 10/350 or 8/20 type lightning waves having an energy lower than the triggering energy threshold do not unlock the actuating mechanism of the disconnection device to cause the opening of the contacts.
  • the contacts can generally open (repel) and close under a lightning strike without the actuating mechanism unlocking. These repulsions (openings) of the contacts during operation of the device of protection, are followed by an automatic re-closing of said contacts.
  • the term "permanent opening" of the contacts means an opening caused by the actuating mechanism. The re-closing of the contacts is possible only by a voluntary external action of a user.
  • the disconnecting device 3 further comprises a third movable arc switching electrode 60 electrically connected to the second connection pad 51.
  • the actuating mechanism 7 moves the third movable arc switching electrode. 60 to cause the permanent opening of the electrical contacts 4, 6 when the protective device 1 is traversed by electric currents having an energy greater than a triggering energy threshold.
  • the third movable arc switch electrode 60 is in contact with the first connection electrode 40 when the electrical contacts 4, 6 are closed.
  • the surge protector 2 is then connected in series between the third movable arc switching electrode 60 and the second connection pad 51. According to the embodiment as presented on the FIG. Figures 10 to 12 , the displacement of said third electrode causes the permanent opening of the contacts 4, 6.
  • the third mobile arc switching electrode 60 passes from a service position to a so-called switching position.
  • the protection device comprises an arc extinguishing chamber 101.
  • the first connection electrode 40 and the second connection electrode 50 are arranged facing the arc extinguishing chamber 101 and define the mouth of said chamber.
  • arc extinction 101 Said chamber arc extinguishing device 101 comprises deionization fins 102 for cooling an electric arc 100 and extinguishing it.
  • the surge protector 2 can be electrically connected to the second connection pad 51 by two fusible links 8, 9.
  • a first fusible link 8 undergoes a melting in the event of overheating of the surge limiter 2, in particular of the varistor 21.
  • the rigid axis connecting the varistor to the second connection pad 51 is soldered to the second terminal 24 of the varistor 21 by a low temperature solder. This solder melts in case of heating of the varistor.
  • a second fusible link 9 acts as a disconnector against alternating or continuous currents of short circuits. Indeed, the second fusible link melts when it is crossed by alternating or continuous short circuit electric currents having an energy lower than the triggering energy threshold.
  • the rigid axis 25 connecting the varistor 21 to the second connection pad 51 then comprises a section calibrated to melt when said axis is traversed by short-circuit electrical currents whose energy is below the tripping threshold.
  • the surge protector 2 and the second fusible link 9 are simultaneously switched off when an electric arc 100 is switched between the first connection electrode 40 and the second connection electrode 50.
  • the third movable arc switching electrode 60 is connected to the first connection electrode 40 by an insulating piece when the electrical contacts 4, 6 are closed.
  • the insulating part forms a spark gap 22 electrically positioned in series with the varistor 21 of the surge protector 2.
  • a high-energy disconnector 11 is connected in series between the first connection electrode 40 and the first connection pad 41. Said high-energy disconnector 11 is calibrated to disconnect when electrical currents having a higher energy flow through it. at the trigger energy threshold.
  • said high energy disconnector is intended to act on the actuating mechanism 7 to cause permanent opening of the electrical contacts 4, 6.
  • the high-energy disconnector 11 is then calibrated to act on the actuating mechanism 7 when it is crossed by electric currents having an energy higher than the triggering energy threshold.
  • Said high-energy disconnector then comprises means for acting on the actuating mechanism 7 to cause permanent opening of the electrical contacts 4, 6.
  • the high-energy disconnector 11 comprises electromagnetic tripping means or a fuse element.
  • the disconnecting device comprises resetting means 72.
  • the resetting means 72 allow the displacement of said third electrode from the so-called switching position to the so-called service position.
  • the resetting means 72 it is possible to mechanically cause the closing of the contacts 4, 6 after permanent opening of said contacts.
  • the rearming means 72 also allow to act on the actuating mechanism 7 to cause the permanent opening of the electrical contacts 4, 6.

Landscapes

  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Überspannungs-Schutzeinrichtung (1), die
    - einen Überspannungsbegrenzer (2) mit nichtlinearen spannungsabhängigen Widerstandselementen,
    - eine Abschalteinrichtung (3) mit elektrischen Kontakten (4, 6), die in Reihe mit dem Überspannungsbegrenzer (2) geschaltet ist und einen Schaltmechanismus (7) zum Öffnen der elektrischen Kontakte (4, 6) umfasst,
    - sowie eine erste und eine zweite Anschlussklemme (41, 51) umfasst,
    wobei der Überspannungsbegrenzer (2) über mindestens eine aufschmelzbare Verbindung (8, 9) mit einer der Anschlussklemmen (41, 51) verbunden ist und dadurch gekennzeichnet dass der Überspannungsbegrenzer (2) durch Antriebsmittel (10) mit einer Verschiebekraft (Fd) beaufschlagt und durch diese Kraft verschoben wird, wenn die genannte, mindestens einfach vorhandene aufschmelzbare Verbindung schmilzt,
    wobei die Verschiebung des genannten Überspannungsbegrenzers unmittelbar auf den Schaltmechanismus (7) einwirkt und die dauerhafte Öffnung der Kontakte (4, 6) bewirkt.
  2. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Überspannungsbegrenzer (2) über eine erste aufschmelzbare Verbindung (8), welche bei Überhitzung des genannten Überspannungsbegrenzers abschmilzt, elektrisch mit der zweiten Anschlussklemme (51) verbunden ist.
  3. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste aufschmelzbare Verbindung (8) als Niedertemperatur-Lötverbindung ausgebildet ist.
  4. Einrichtung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abschalteinrichtung
    - eine, mit der ersten Anschlussklemme (41) elektrisch verbundene, erste Anschlusselektrode (40),
    - eine, mit der zweiten Anschlussklemme (51) elektrisch verbundene, zweite Anschlusselektrode (50)
    - sowie eine mit der zweiten Anschlussklemme (51) elektrisch verbundene, dritte, bewegbare Lichtbogen-Umschaltelektrode (60) umfasst, wobei
    der Schaltmechanismus (7) die dritte, bewegbare Lichtbogen-Umschaltelektrode (60) verschiebt, um die dauerhafte Öffnung der elektrischen Kontakte (4, 6) zu bewirken, der Überspannungsbegrenzer (2) in Reihe zwischen die dritte bewegbare Lichtbogen-Umschaltelektrode (60) und die zweite Anschlussklemme (51) geschaltet ist und der Überspannungsbegrenzer (2) sowie die genannte zweite aufschmelzbare Verbindung gleichzeitig spannungsfrei geschaltet werden, wenn ein Lichtbogen (100) zwischen der ersten Anschlusselektrode und der zweiten Anschlusselektrode (50) überspringt.
  5. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Überspannungsbegrenzer (2) mit der zweiten Anschlussklemme (51) über eine zweite aufschmelzbare Verbindung (9) elektrisch verbunden ist, welche Verbindung aufschmilzt, wenn sie von einem Gleichspannungs- oder Wechselspannungs-Kurzschlussstrom durchflossen wird, dessen Energie unterhalb eines Energie-Ansprechwerts liegt, der dem Ansprechwert entspricht, bei dessen Überschreiten Blitzstoßströme der Wellenform 10/350 oder 8/20 die dauerhafte Öffnung der elektrischen Kontakte (4, 6) bewirken.
  6. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dritte bewegbare Lichtbogen-Umschaltelektrode (60) mit der ersten Anschlusselektrode (40) über ein Isolierstoffteil verbunden ist, das im geschlossenen Zustand der elektrischen Kontakte (4, 6) als Funkenstrecke wirkt.
  7. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dritte bewegbare Lichtbogen-Umschaltelektrode (60) im geschlossenen Zustand der elektrischen Kontakte (4, 6) mit der ersten Anschlusselektrode (40) in Berührung steht.
  8. Einrichtung nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Überspannungsbegrenzer (2) einen Varistor (21) umfasst.
  9. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Überspannungsbegrenzer (2) einen Varistor (21) umfasst, der mit einer Funkenstrecke (22) in Reihe geschaltet ist.
  10. Einrichtung nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antriebsmittel (10) eine Feder umfassen.
  11. Einrichtung nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Hochleistungs-Trennvorrichtung (11) in Reihe zwischen die erste Anschlusselektrode (40) und die erste Anschlussklemme (41) geschaltet ist, welche Hochleistungs-Trennvorrichtung (11) so eingestellt ist, dass sie eine Trennung bewirkt, wenn sie von Strömen durchflossen wird, deren Energie den Energie-Ansprechwert übersteigt.
  12. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hochleistungs-Trennvorrichtung (11) Mittel zur Einwirkung auf den Schaltmechanismus (7) umfasst, um die dauerhafte Öffnung der elektrischen Kontakte (4, 6) zu bewirken.
  13. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hochleistungs-Trennvorrichtung(11) elektromagnetische Auslösemittel umfasst.
  14. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hochleistungs-Trennvorrichtung (11) ein Schmelzelement umfasst.
EP08354007A 2007-02-01 2008-01-24 Vorrichtung zum Schutz gegen Überspannungen mit beweglicher Elektrode und Entriegelungssystem der Verbindungsunterbrechungsvorrichtung Active EP1953788B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0700707A FR2912252B1 (fr) 2007-02-01 2007-02-01 Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions a electrode mobile avec systeme de deverrouillage du dispositif de deconnexion

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1953788A1 EP1953788A1 (de) 2008-08-06
EP1953788B1 true EP1953788B1 (de) 2010-02-24

Family

ID=38157923

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08354007A Active EP1953788B1 (de) 2007-02-01 2008-01-24 Vorrichtung zum Schutz gegen Überspannungen mit beweglicher Elektrode und Entriegelungssystem der Verbindungsunterbrechungsvorrichtung

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1953788B1 (de)
CN (1) CN101277013B (de)
AT (1) ATE459089T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602008000677D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2338830T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2912252B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2928026B1 (fr) * 2008-02-27 2011-08-19 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions comprenant des moyens de deconnexion selectifs
FR2954579B1 (fr) * 2009-12-18 2014-07-04 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Ensemble de protection contre les surtensions
DE102011015449B4 (de) * 2011-01-25 2014-09-25 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Schalteinheit zum Schalten von hohen Gleichspannungen
EP3747100B1 (de) * 2018-01-30 2022-03-16 Hitachi Energy Switzerland AG Dimensionierung eines überspannungsschutzes in einem gleichstromübertragungssystem

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2657994B1 (fr) 1990-02-08 1992-04-17 Merlin Gerin Parafoudre deconnectable pour reseau a basse tension.
FR2840448B1 (fr) * 2002-05-30 2004-07-23 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions
FR2846478B1 (fr) * 2002-10-25 2004-12-24 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions a electrode mobile
FR2871932B1 (fr) * 2004-06-18 2006-08-04 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions
ES2399966T3 (es) * 2004-10-08 2013-04-04 Abb France Dispositivo de protección contra sobretensiones provisto de medios de corte de arco y procedimiento correspondiente

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101277013B (zh) 2012-07-04
CN101277013A (zh) 2008-10-01
ATE459089T1 (de) 2010-03-15
FR2912252B1 (fr) 2009-03-06
ES2338830T3 (es) 2010-05-12
EP1953788A1 (de) 2008-08-06
DE602008000677D1 (de) 2010-04-08
FR2912252A1 (fr) 2008-08-08

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