EP0027061B1 - Blitzableitervorrichtung, welche ein äusserliches Kurzschliessen erlaubt, und entsprechende Schutzeinheit - Google Patents

Blitzableitervorrichtung, welche ein äusserliches Kurzschliessen erlaubt, und entsprechende Schutzeinheit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0027061B1
EP0027061B1 EP80400986A EP80400986A EP0027061B1 EP 0027061 B1 EP0027061 B1 EP 0027061B1 EP 80400986 A EP80400986 A EP 80400986A EP 80400986 A EP80400986 A EP 80400986A EP 0027061 B1 EP0027061 B1 EP 0027061B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
external casing
elastic
fusible element
arrester
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80400986A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0027061A1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Cholley
François Guichard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Industrielle de Tubes et Lampes Electriques Cie (CITEL)
CITEL SAS
Original Assignee
Industrielle de Tubes et Lampes Electriques Cie (CITEL)
CITEL SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR7924916A external-priority patent/FR2466854A1/fr
Priority claimed from FR8012962A external-priority patent/FR2484695A1/fr
Application filed by Industrielle de Tubes et Lampes Electriques Cie (CITEL), CITEL SAS filed Critical Industrielle de Tubes et Lampes Electriques Cie (CITEL)
Publication of EP0027061A1 publication Critical patent/EP0027061A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0027061B1 publication Critical patent/EP0027061B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H01T4/12—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel hermetically sealed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the production of a gas arrester intended in particular for the protection of electronic circuits against overvoltages.
  • the invention also relates to the production of protection assemblies using such lightning arresters.
  • gas surge arresters also known as spark gaps, surge protectors or voltage limiters
  • surge arresters of this type when they allow the flow of an amount of energy greater than a threshold, permanently short-circuit to ensure effective protection of the circuit to be protected; when the aforementioned energy threshold is exceeded, the energy being dissipated in the arrester, the latter heats up and its temperature can reach approximately 600 ° C.: it is therefore necessary to establish an important flow path thanks to when the lightning arrester is short-circuited (the resistance must then be less than 1 Q).
  • a surge arrester of this type is for example described in application FR-A-2 384 371: in such a surge arrester, the cylindrical outer envelope of the arrester is metallic and forms one of the electrodes; the other electrode is a metal rod arranged along the axis of said outer casing and mechanically connected thereto by an electrically insulating glass bead.
  • the corresponding arrester for example, in Figures 4 and 5 of this document consists of an outer casing which comprises, in a central part, a metal cylinder and, on either side thereof, two ceramic cylinders themselves terminated by metal end sleeves; each of the three metal parts of the outer envelope is connected to one of the terminals of the device; the outer casing carries an elastic member consisting of two metal strips electrically connected to the central metallic part of said outer casing; said strips are capable of coming into contact with the metal end sleeves and they are kept spaced from their short-circuit position by the interposition of a fusible material disposed at the base of the strips, between these strips and the central metal part of the envelope.
  • Such a lightning arrester is not reliable due to the fact that the fusible element supports a significant elastic force due to its positioning and tends to creep over time; in addition, any error in the dimensioning of the fusible element results in a much greater error in the spacing of the ends of the strips relative to the fixed electrode with which they must come to make a short circuit; it follows that there is an excessive imprecision on the value of the overvoltage which causes the short-circuit.
  • the mechanical resistance of the fusible element means that only a small elastic force remains to ensure the short-circuiting, so that this does not happen mentally.
  • the object of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks presented by lightning arresters with external short-circuiting of known types. More specifically, the purpose of the present invention is to describe a lightning arrester device with an external short-circuiting, the overall dimensions of which, although slightly larger than for the arresters with internal short-circuiting, nevertheless remain relatively reduced. Another object of the invention is to describe a lightning arrester device with an external short-circuit capable of being short-circuited for a precise value of overvoltage.
  • the device according to the invention can be used regardless of its orientation because the fuse element used ensures no contact after fusion, said fuse element acting only as a temporary hold as described in the state. of technique.
  • the resistance of the arrester according to the invention after its short-circuiting is of the order of 0.1 ohm, so that the damaged arrester cannot be the seat of a dangerous release of heat.
  • the present invention therefore has as an object a lightning arrester device for protecting a circuit against the effects of an overvoltage, said lightning arrester being constituted by an external envelope defining an enclosure containing an inert gas and forming a first electrode of the lightning arrester , said outer casing containing at least one metal rod forming another electrode and externally carrying at least one elastic metallic member, having, parallel to the outer casing, at least one elastic blade, a first zone of which rests on a fusible element disposed in the vicinity of an end of the outer envelope and carried by it, said first zone of said member being able to come by elasticity, when said fusible element is melted, in electrical contact with the (or one of) the metal rod (s) (s) mentioned above, and of which a second zone, opposite the first, is connected to a metal fixing ring tightened on the outer casing, characterized by the fact that the outer envelope is an entirely metallic cylinder, part of the rods forming another electrode projecting outside of said envelope and being connected to it by an insulator
  • the fusible element consists of an eutectic alloy or close to an eutectic; the metal alloy of the fusible element preferably has a melting point of between 65 ° C and 165 ° C.
  • a so-called "WOOD metal” alloy can be used, having a melting point of 70 ° C.
  • the outer casing is associated with a single other electrode and the elastic member comprises a single elastic strip resting, in its first zone, on the fusible element and connected, in its second zone, to the fixing ring.
  • the outer envelope is associated with two other electrodes and the two elastic members associated with said other electrodes constitute a single part carried by said outer casing, said single part comprising, on the one hand, a fixing ring tightened on the outer casing and, on the other hand, symmetrically on either side of this ring, two elastic blades each pressing on a fusible element carried by the outer casing.
  • the elastic member consists of a cut and folded sheet made of beryllium bronze or beryllium copper.
  • the dimensioning of the elastic member is provided so that said member allows without any difficulty the passage of energy, which must pass through the arrester in the event of a short-circuit, which is generally achieved by using a blade of a few millimeters in width and a few tenths of a millimeter in thickness.
  • the metal outer shell of the arrester according to the invention is advantageously made of nickel-plated steel and the rods forming the electrodes are advantageously made of an iron-nickel-cobalt alloy called "KOVAR" allowing the soldering of the glass bead which ensures the connection mechanical between the outer casing and the considered electrode.
  • KVAR iron-nickel-cobalt alloy
  • the fusible element is a patch, which is disposed between the outer casing and the elastic member, with which said patch is associated, and which is bonded to one of these two elements.
  • the fusible element has the form of a ring surrounding the outer envelope, said ring being centered on the metal sleeve which encloses the insulator by which the rod forming the electrode is maintained, with which the elastic member associated with said ring.
  • the fusible element is a ball welded or wedged between the elastic member and the outer casing.
  • the outer envelope of the arrester of a arrester device has been designated by 1; this outer casing consists of a metal cylinder having a bottom 1a in the central area of which there is an outer rod 1b which constitutes the first surge arrester terminal.
  • the outer casing 1 is connected by a solder 2 to a sleeve 3 made of an iron-nickel-cobalt alloy called "KOVAR".
  • the sleeve 3 is engaged in the outer casing 1 until it bears against a shoulder 4.
  • a rod 5 is arranged, which projects outside the arrester and the end of which 5a constitutes the second electrode of the arrester, this second electrode being opposite the bottom 1 inside the outer casing 1.
  • the rod 5 is connected to the sleeve 3 by a glass bead 6 and it is produced in the same metal as the machon 3.
  • the glass bead 6 constitutes a plug, which isolates from the outside the zone of the envelope 1 where the electrode 5a is disposed, this zone constituting an enclosure, where there is a rare gas , such as argon, under reduced pressure; into the atmosphere of this enclosure, a material is introduced intended to reduce the starting voltage of the arrester.
  • the arrester which has just been described is well known in the state of the art and corresponds to the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 3.
  • the elastic member 7 comprises a ring 7a, which elastically encloses the outer envelope and which, if desired, can be connected to it by a soldering point after its installation.
  • the ring 7a is integral with an elastic blade 7b, the end of which which is opposite to the blade 7a, is folded at right angles to form a return 7c.
  • the elastic member 7 is made of beryllium bronze by cutting and folding a sheet of 0.2 mm thick; in the example described, the outer casing 1 and its sleeve 3 have an axial length of approximately 15 mm, the ring 7a has an axial length of approximately 5 mm, the elastic blade 7b has a length of approximately 9 mm and the 7c square return has a length about 3 mm; the width of the strip 7b and of the square return 7c is 2 mm and the diameter of the arrester is approximately 5 mm.
  • a fusible element 8 which consists of a square patch with a side of 2 mm and a millimeter in thickness.
  • This patch can be glued to the face of the elastic blade 7b, which faces the envelope 1, in order to ensure easy installation. Due to the elasticity of the blade 7b, the pad 8 is applied against the outer casing 1 and the end of the square return 7c is then, as shown in Figure 1, about 1 mm from the rod 5 If the arrester is subjected to an overvoltage, an arc is established between the electrode 5a and the outer envelope 1 of the arrester and this arc causes the outer envelope 1 to heat up.
  • the nature of the metal from which the patch 8 is made is made, as a function of the energy threshold that the surge arrester must allow to pass without short-circuiting.
  • FIG. 3 represents another embodiment of the arrester device according to the invention; in this embodiment, the surge arrester itself is identical to that which has been described for FIG. 1, that is to say that all the elements bearing references between 1 and 6 inclusive are the same as for the embodiment of Figure 1.
  • the elastic member of the arrester is also the same as the elastic member 7 shown in Figures 1 and 2. The only difference comes from the particular embodiment of the fusible element, which is associated with the elastic blade 7b of the member 7.
  • the fuse element designated by 18 is constituted by a metal ring disposed around the projecting part of the sleeve 3.
  • the ring 18 comes to bear against the shoulder that constitutes the border of the cylindrical lateral wall of the envelope 1 and the ring 18 is held against this border by the return at right angles 7c to the elastic member 7.
  • the elastic member 7 is put in place on the outer casing 1, positioning it so that the angle return 7c maintains the ring 18 in position.
  • the operation of this embodiment is the same as that which has been described for the embodiment of FIG. 1, the fusion of the ring 18 causing the arrester to short-circuit by contact between the return angle 7c and rod 5.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 which illustrate another variant of the preferred embodiment of the invention, it can be seen that the outer casing of the arrester of the device according to the invention has been designated by 21; said outer casing consists of a metal cylinder which, at each of its former rémity t, is connected by a solder 22 to a sleeve 23 made of an iron-nickel-cobalt alloy called "KOVAR".
  • the sleeve 23 is engaged in the outer casing 21 until it bears against a shoulder 24.
  • each of the sleeves 23 is arranged a rod 251, 252 which projects outside the arrester; the ends 251a, 252a of the two rods 251 and 252 respectively constitute the two electrodes inside the external envelope 21.
  • the two rods 251 and 252 are each connected to their sleeve 23 by a glass bead 26; they are made of the same metal as the sleeves 23.
  • the glass bead 26 constitutes a plug, which isolates from the outside the zone of the envelope 21, where the electrodes 251 a and 252a are arranged, this zone constituting an enclosure where there is a rare gas, such as argon, under reduced pressure; into the atmosphere of this enclosure, a material is introduced intended to reduce the starting voltage of the arrester.
  • the arrester which has just been described, is well known in the state of the art.
  • a metal part designated by 27 as a whole has been put in place.
  • the part 27 comprises, in its central zone, a ring 27a, which elastically encloses the outer envelope 21 and which, if desired, can be connected to it by a weld point after its installation.
  • On either side of the ring 27a are two elastic members 271 and 272 symmetrical with respect to the ring 27a; each of these elastic members 271 and 272 consists of an elastic blade 271 b and 272b respectively, each elastic blade having its end, which is opposite to the ring 27a, folded at right angles to constitute in return 271e c and 272c respectively.
  • Piece 27 is made of beryllium bronze by cutting and folding a sheet of 0.2 mm thick; in the example described, the outer casing 21 and its sleeves 23 have an axial length of 16 mm, the ring 27a has an axial length of approximately 5 mm, the elastic blades 271b and 272b have a length of approximately 6 mm and the square returns 271c and 272c have a length of about 3 mm; the width of the blades 271 b and 272b and the corresponding square returns is 2 mm and the diameter of the arrester is approximately 6 mm.
  • a fusible element 28 which consists of a square patch with a side of 2 mm and a thickness of 1 mm. This patch can be glued to the faces of the elastic blades 271b and 272b which are opposite the envelope 21, in order to ensure easy installation. Due to the elasticity of the blades 271 b and 272b, the pellets 28 are applied against the outer casing 21 and the ends of the angled returns 271 c and 272c are then, as shown in Figure 4, about 1 mm rods 251 and 252 respectively.
  • an arc is established inside the arrester between this electrode and the outer casing 1 and this arc causes the outer casing 21 to heat up.
  • the temperature from the outer casing 21 rises sufficiently, the melting point of the metal of which the pellets 28 are made is reached; the pellets 28 melt and the elastic blades 271 b and 272b approach the envelope 21 due to their elasticity; in this movement the ends of the square returns 271 c and 272c come into contact with the rods 251 and 252 respectively, which simultaneously puts the two electrodes of the arrester in short circuit.
  • this simultaneous short-circuiting of the two electrodes 251 and 252 is particularly advantageous because, usually, on three-pole surge arresters having an internal short-circuiting, only the electrode which is subjected to the overvoltage short-circuits the outer envelope, the other electrode keeping a high ignition voltage; it follows that, in the prior art, the surge arrester becomes asymmetrical which is often harmful to the protected circuit. On the contrary, the three-pole arrester according to the invention, which has just been described, allows the simultaneous short-circuiting of the two electrodes with the outer casing.
  • the nature of the metal from which the chip 28 is made is chosen, as a function of the energy threshold that the arrester must allow to pass without short-circuiting.

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  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Biltzableitervorrichtung zum Schutz eines Schaltung gegen Überspannungseinflüsse, wobei der Blitzableiter aus einer äußeren Hülle besteht, die einen Raum definiert, der ein inertes Gas enthält und eine erste Elektrode des Blitzableiters bildet, wobei die äußere Hülle mindestens eine eine andere Elektrode bildende Metallstange einschließt und außen mindestens ein elastisches Metallorgan trägt, das mindestens einen zu der äußeren Hülle parallelen elastischen Streifen aufweist, der sich mit einer ersten Zone auf einem schmelzbaren Element abstützt, das in der Nähe eines Endes der äußeren Hülle angeordnet ist und von diesem getragen wird, wobei diese erste Zone des Organs durch Elastizität mit der (oder einer der) erwähnten Metallstange(n) in elektrischen Kontakt kommt, wenn das schmelzbare Element geschmolzen ist, und der mit einer der ersten Zone gegenüberliegenden zweiten Zone an einen metallischen Befestigungsring angeschlossen ist, der auf die äußere Hülle aufgeklemmt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die äußere Hülle (1, 21) ein vollständig aus Metall bestehender Zylinder ist, daß ein Teil der eine andere Elektrode bildenden Stangen (5, 251, 252) aus der Hülle (1, 21) nach außen vorsteht und mit ihr dadurch Isolationsmaterial (6, 26) verbunden ist, das ringförmig zwischen der Hülle (1, 21) und der Stange (5, 251, 252) angeordnet ist, und daß zur Erzielung einer guten Präzision der kurzzuschließenden Überspannung einerseits das schmelzbare Element (8, 18, 28) aus einer elektrisch und thermisch leitfähigen Metall-Legierung mit freier Schmelzung gebildet ist und andererseits das Ende des Streifens des elastischen Organs (7, 27) im Winkel in Richtung der die entsprechende Elektrode bildenden Stange (5, 251-252) abgebogen ist.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das schmelzbare Element (8, 18, 28) aus einer eutektischen oder angenähert eutektischen Legierung besteht.
3. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Metall-Leigierung des schmelzbaren Elementes (8, 18, 28) einen Schmelzpunkt zwischen 65°C und 165°C aufweist.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der äußeren Hülle (1) eine einzige andere Elektrode (5) zugeordnet ist und daß das elastische Organ (7) einen einzigen elastischen Streifen aufweist, der sich in seiner ersten Zone auf dem schmelzbaren Element (8) abstützt und in seiner zweiten Zone mit dem Befestigungsring (7a) verbunden ist.
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der äußeren Hülle (21) zwei andere Elektroden (251-252) angeordnet sind und daß die beiden diesen anderen Elektroden (251-252) zugehörigen elastischen Organe ein einziges Stück (27) bilden, das von der äußeren Hülle getragen wird, wobei das eine Stück (27) einen Befestigungsring (27a) aufweist, der auf die äußere Hülle (21) aufgeklemmt ist und symmetrisch beiderseits dieses Ringes mit zwei elastischen Streifen (271-272) versehen ist, die sich jeweils auf einem schmelzbaren Element (28) abstützen, das von der äußeren Hülle (21) getragen wird.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das elastische Organ (7, 27) aus einem Blech aus Berylliumbronze oder Berylliumumkupfer zugeschnitten und gebogen ist.
7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das schmelzbare Element aus einer Pastille (8, 28) besteht, die zwischen der äußeren Hülle (1, 21) und dem elastischen Organ (7, 27), zu dem sie gehört, angeordnet ist und die an einem dieser beiden Elemente festgeklebt ist.
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das schmelzbare Element die Form eines die äußere Hülle (1) umgebenden Ringes (18) hat, der auf der Metallbuchse (3) zentriert ist, die das Isolationsmaterial (6) umschließt, welches die die Elektrode (5) bildende Stange hält, mit der das dem Ring (18) zugeordnete elastische Organ (7) zusammenwirkt.
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das schmelzbare Element aus einer Kugel besteht, die zwischen dem elastischen Organ (7) und der äußeren Hülle (1, 21) eingeschweißt oder eingeklemmt ist.
EP80400986A 1979-10-05 1980-06-30 Blitzableitervorrichtung, welche ein äusserliches Kurzschliessen erlaubt, und entsprechende Schutzeinheit Expired EP0027061B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7924916 1979-10-05
FR7924916A FR2466854A1 (fr) 1979-10-05 1979-10-05 Parafoudre a enveloppe metallique permettant une mise en court-circuit exterieure
FR8012962 1980-06-11
FR8012962A FR2484695A1 (fr) 1980-06-11 1980-06-11 Parafoudre permettant une mise en court-circuit exterieure

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0027061A1 EP0027061A1 (de) 1981-04-15
EP0027061B1 true EP0027061B1 (de) 1984-10-10

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EP80400986A Expired EP0027061B1 (de) 1979-10-05 1980-06-30 Blitzableitervorrichtung, welche ein äusserliches Kurzschliessen erlaubt, und entsprechende Schutzeinheit

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EP (1) EP0027061B1 (de)
BR (1) BR8006402A (de)
DE (1) DE3069411D1 (de)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4538201A (en) * 1983-05-02 1985-08-27 International Standard Electric Corporation Surge protector
EP0308553A1 (de) * 1987-09-24 1989-03-29 Semitron Industries Limited Anordnung zur Unterdrückung von Ausgleichstrom
JPH0227694U (de) * 1988-08-10 1990-02-22
KR0144463B1 (ko) * 1988-10-26 1998-07-15 오오가 노리오 자기 디스크 장치
GB2230900A (en) * 1989-04-24 1990-10-31 Semitron Cricklade Ltd Electrical components
FR2659504B1 (fr) * 1990-03-09 1994-07-08 Sofycom Receptacle de securite pour parafoudre de protection de ligne telephonique.
JP3676610B2 (ja) * 1999-03-16 2005-07-27 炳霖 ▲楊▼ 空気室の絶縁破壊によりサージエネルギを転換吸収するチップなしサージアブソーバ及びその製造方法
ES2491365B1 (es) * 2013-02-04 2015-02-12 Ricardo SEGU CAMPS Método de protección para dispositivos eléctricos y dispositivo electrónico protegido
CN113393987A (zh) * 2021-06-03 2021-09-14 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 带有绝缘层的避雷器芯体、避雷器本体及多柱并联避雷器

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2384371A1 (fr) * 1977-03-18 1978-10-13 Citel Parafoudre a enveloppe metallique soudee

Family Cites Families (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3564473A (en) * 1967-11-21 1971-02-16 Joslyn Mfg & Supply Co Surge protector
US3993933A (en) * 1975-02-20 1976-11-23 Ceac Of Illinois, Inc. Electric overvoltage gas arrester with metallic shorting mechanism
FR2303371A1 (fr) * 1975-03-03 1976-10-01 Claude Tube protecteur de surcharges
US4034326A (en) * 1975-04-17 1977-07-05 Comtelco (U.K.) Limited Temperature sensitive trip device
DE2617901A1 (de) * 1976-04-23 1977-11-03 Schiederwerk Schieder Kg K Fassung mit kurzschlussbruecke fuer ueberspannungsableiter
US4056840A (en) * 1976-05-12 1977-11-01 Reliable Electric Company Line protector for communications circuit
DE2911110A1 (de) * 1979-03-21 1980-09-25 Siemens Ag Gasentladungs-ueberspannungsableiter mit fail-safe-verhalten

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2384371A1 (fr) * 1977-03-18 1978-10-13 Citel Parafoudre a enveloppe metallique soudee

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DE3069411D1 (en) 1984-11-15
EP0027061A1 (de) 1981-04-15
BR8006402A (pt) 1981-04-14

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