EP2096657B1 - Vorrichtung zum Schutz gegen Überspannungen, die selektive Unterbrechungsmittel umfasst - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum Schutz gegen Überspannungen, die selektive Unterbrechungsmittel umfasst Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2096657B1
EP2096657B1 EP09354003.7A EP09354003A EP2096657B1 EP 2096657 B1 EP2096657 B1 EP 2096657B1 EP 09354003 A EP09354003 A EP 09354003A EP 2096657 B1 EP2096657 B1 EP 2096657B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
protection device
surge protection
disconnector
voltage surge
electrode
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EP09354003.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2096657A1 (de
Inventor
Eric Domejean
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication of EP2096657A1 publication Critical patent/EP2096657A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/10—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess voltage, e.g. for lightning protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/14—Electrothermal mechanisms
    • H01H71/20—Electrothermal mechanisms with fusible mass

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an overvoltage protection device comprising a disconnection device with electrical contacts.
  • Said disconnection device comprises a first connection electrode in electrical connection with a first connection pad, a second connection electrode in electrical connection with a second pad, a third movable pad switching electrode electrically connected to the second pad and a surge protector connected in series between the third moving arc switching electrode and the second connecting pad.
  • An actuating mechanism is provided for moving the third movable arc switching electrode to cause permanent opening of the electrical contacts.
  • Overvoltage protection devices include an overvoltage limiter with non-linear elements variable with the voltage and a contact disconnection device actuated by an actuating mechanism.
  • the surge protector and the disconnect device are connected in series.
  • the contact disconnection device can adopt a triggering position and a latching position respectively corresponding to the open state and the closed state of the contacts.
  • An actuating mechanism causes the displacement of the contacts of the disconnection device to the open state, especially in the event of destruction of the surge arrester when said non-linear elements are at the end of their service life.
  • the contacts can generally open (repel) and close under a lightning strike without the actuating mechanism unlocking. This repulsion (opening) of the contacts during operation of the protection device is followed by an automatic re-closing of said contacts.
  • the term "permanent opening" of the contacts an opening caused by the actuating mechanism. This opening can be caused manually or due to an electrical fault. In the case of a manual opening, the re-closure of the contacts is then possible only by a voluntary external action of a user. In the case of an opening due to an electrical fault, the opening is then final.
  • the known protection devices are calibrated in such a way that the actuating mechanism of the disconnection device remains locked in the presence of lightning-type electric currents of the 10/350 or 8/20 type. It is generally undesirable for the actuating mechanism of the disconnecting device to unlock and cause permanent opening of the contacts each time it is crossed by an electric lightning wave current.
  • the triggering energy threshold is directly dependent on the electric currents of 10/350 or 8/20 type lightning waves for which the opening of the contacts of the disconnection device is not desired.
  • said triggering energy threshold corresponds to the threshold above which electrical currents of lightning waves of the 10/350 or 8/20 type would cause the permanent opening of the electrical contacts.
  • alternating or short-circuit currents having an electrical energy greater than the triggering energy threshold cause the contacts of the disconnection device to open.
  • the protection device is effective and allows the flow of said electric currents of lightning waves without their energy being responsible for material damage.
  • the electric currents of 10/350 or 8/20 type lightning waves having an energy lower than the triggering energy threshold do not unlock the actuating mechanism of the disconnection device to cause the opening of the contacts.
  • the known protective devices do not have the sufficient level of protection.
  • the short-circuit current having a energy lower than that of the triggering energy threshold can cause material damage.
  • the invention therefore aims to overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art, so as to provide an overvoltage protection device comprising effective means of disconnection against short circuits.
  • the overvoltage protection device comprises, at least first, a thermal disconnector against alternating or continuous short-circuit currents connected in series with the surge protector between the third movable arc switching electrode and the second connection.
  • Said thermal disconnector comprises at least one fusible element extending through a passage gap, between a first and second conductive radial walls, inside an insulating side wall extending from an extinguishing chamber. arc, said arc extinction chamber comprising at least one conductive separator maintained inside the insulating side wall to define two expansion volumes.
  • Said thermal disconnector is off when an electric arc is switched between the first connection electrode and the second connection electrode.
  • Disconnection of said said disconnector is performed when traversed by alternating or short-circuit electrical currents having an energy lower than a triggering energy threshold, said triggering energy threshold corresponding to the threshold beyond which electrical currents of 10/350 or 8/20 lightning waves cause permanent opening of the electrical contacts.
  • the fusible element fuse element has a section of substantially identical shape to the section of the passage gap.
  • the section of said at least fuse element in a plane perpendicular to a median longitudinal axis is of elongate shape so that the length of said section is at least three times greater than the width.
  • the thermal disconnector comprises two arc extinguishing chambers crossed respectively by a fuse element.
  • said at least one conductive fuse element consists of a conductive metal sheet.
  • the metal sheet is held by holding means on an insulating support constituting an element of the insulating side wall.
  • said at least one conductive fuse element is placed on the edges of said at least one separator.
  • the side wall comprises gas evacuation holes contained in the expansion volumes.
  • a housing having at least two flanges of insulating material, said flanges forming part of the side wall of the thermal disconnector.
  • the insulating side wall consists of a gasogenic material.
  • the surge protector is electrically connected in series with the disconnection device by at least one fusible link, drive means exert a displacement force displacing the surge protector in case melting said at least one fusible link, moving said limiter acting directly on the actuating mechanism to move the third movable arc switching electrode and cause permanent opening of the contacts.
  • the surge protector is electrically connected to the second connection pad by a first fusible link fused upon overheating of said limiter.
  • the surge protector is electrically connected to the second connection pad by a second fusible link acting as a thermal disconnector.
  • a second electromagnetic disconnector against alternating currents or continuous short circuits is connected in series with the thermal disconnector and the surge protector between the third mobile arc switching electrode and the second connection range.
  • the electromagnetic disconnector comprises electromagnetic tripping means intended to act on the actuating mechanism to cause the permanent opening of the electrical contacts.
  • a high-energy disconnector is connected in series between the first connection electrode and the first connection pad, the high-energy disconnector being calibrated to disconnect when it is traversed by electric currents having an energy greater than the triggering energy threshold.
  • the high energy disconnector comprising an arc extinction chamber being delimited by an insulating side wall extending between a first and second conductive radial wall, the arc extinguishing chamber comprising at least one conductive separator maintained. within said chamber to define two expansion volumes and at least one conductive fuse element electrically connected between a first and a second electrode, said at least one fuse element extending from the first to the second radial walls through a interstice and being rigidly held in the arc extinguishing chamber by holding means, the section of said at least one fuse element being of elongate shape so that the length of said section is at least three times greater than the width.
  • a closure stop is intended to maintain directly or indirectly the third mobile arc switching electrode at a separation distance from the first electrode of connection when the electrical contacts are closed.
  • the closure abutment has two parts, a first portion of insulating material is placed in contact with the fixed contact and a second portion of conductive material placed adjacent to the first part and is in contact with the movable contact when the two contacts are closed.
  • the thickness of the first insulating portion is equal to the separation distance.
  • the overvoltage protection device 1 comprises an overvoltage limiter 2 with non-linear elements variable with the voltage and a disconnecting device 3 with electrical contacts 30, 31.
  • the surge protector 2 and the disconnecting device 3 are electrically arranged. serial.
  • the surge protector 2 preferably comprises a varistor 21.
  • a spark gap can also be placed in series with the varistor 21.
  • the disconnection device 3 comprises a first connection electrode 40 in electrical connection with a first connection pad 41 and a second connection electrode 50 in electrical connection with a second connection pad 51.
  • connection pads 41, 51 are intended to be connected respectively to a phase and earth or vice versa.
  • the disconnection device 3 comprises a third movable arc switching electrode 60 electrically connected to the second connection pad 51.
  • a first electrical contact 30 is placed on the first connection electrode 40 and a second electrical contact 31 is positioned on the third movable arc switching electrode 60.
  • the surge protector 2 is connected in series between the third movable arc switching electrode 60 and the second connection pad 51.
  • the third movable arc switching electrode 60 is in contact with the first connection electrode 40 when the electrical contacts 30, 31 are closed.
  • the disconnecting device 3 further comprises an actuating mechanism 7. Said mechanism is intended to be actuated to move the third movable arc switching electrode 60 and mechanically cause the permanent opening of the electrical contacts 30, 31.
  • the disconnecting device 3 with contacts 30, 31 is calibrated firstly to discharge electric currents of lightning waves of the type 10/350 or 8/20 without the actuating mechanism 7 being actuated, and of on the other hand to actuate the actuating mechanism 7 and cause permanent opening of the contacts 30, 31 for alternating currents or continuous short circuit.
  • the protection devices 1 are calibrated in such a way that the actuating mechanism 7 of the disconnection device 3 remains locked in the presence of lightning-type electric currents of the 10/350 or 8/20 type. Indeed, the actuating mechanism 7 does not cause permanent opening of the contacts each time it is crossed by an electric current of lightning wave.
  • the trigger energy threshold is directly dependent on the currents 10/350 or 8/20 type lightning-type electric waves for which the opening of the contacts 30, 31 of the disconnection device 3 is not performed.
  • said triggering energy threshold corresponds to the threshold above which electrical currents of lightning waves of the 10/350 or 8/20 type would cause the permanent opening of the electrical contacts 30, 31.
  • the actuating mechanism 7 When the protective device is traversed by electric currents having an energy greater than a triggering energy threshold, the actuating mechanism 7 is actuated and moves the third movable arc switching electrode 60 and mechanically causes the permanent opening of the electrical contacts 30, 31.
  • the electric currents responsible for actuating the actuating mechanism 7 are generally alternating currents or continuous short circuit.
  • the protection device When the protection device is traversed by electric currents of lightning waves of type 10/350 or 8/20 having an energy lower than the trigger threshold energy, the protection device is effective and allows the flow of electrical currents of lightning waves without their energy being responsible for material damage. In addition, said electric currents of lightning waves do not unlock the actuating mechanism 7 of the disconnection device to cause the opening of the contacts 30, 31.
  • the overvoltage protection device comprises at least a first disconnector against the AC or DC short-circuit currents 9, 10.
  • the at least first disconnector is a thermal disconnector 9.
  • the thermal disconnector 9 is electrically connected in series with the overvoltage limiter 2 between the third movable arc switching electrode 60 and the second connection pad 51.
  • the protection device comprises an extinction chamber 101 of the electric arc 100.
  • the first connection electrode 40 and the second connection electrode 50 are arranged facing the arc extinction chamber 101 and define the mouth of said arc extinguishing chamber 101.
  • Said arc extinguishing chamber 101 comprises deionization fins 102 for cooling an electric arc 100 and extinguishing it.
  • the thermal disconnector 9 comprises at least one fuse element 91 extending through a passage gap inside an insulating side wall 92 of an arc extinguishing chamber 99.
  • the arc extinguishing chamber 99 has a median longitudinal axis Z.
  • the insulating side wall 92 of the arc extinguishing chamber 99 extends between first and second conductive radial walls 90.
  • the arc extinguishing chamber 99 comprising at least one conductive separator 95 held inside the insulating lateral wall 92 to define two expansion volumes 97.
  • Said at least one separator is positioned between the two conductive radial walls 90. preferably, the first and second radial walls 90 extend perpendicular to the longitudinal median longitudinal axis Z of said extinguishing chamber.
  • the section of said at least one fuse element 91 in a plane perpendicular to the median longitudinal axis Z is of elongate shape.
  • said section is substantially identical to that of the passage gap.
  • the length of said section is at least three times greater than the width.
  • the fuse element 91 extends from the first to the second radial wall 90 through the passage gap and is held rigidly in the arc extinguishing chamber 99 by holding means.
  • Said holding means guarantee the rigid holding of said at least one fuse element 91 in the event of a lightning strike. They make it possible to withstand the electrodynamic forces caused by lightning strikes.
  • the fuse element 91 is placed on the periphery of the at least one separator 95.
  • the fuse element 91 is held rigidly between the at least one separator 95 and the at least one insulating side wall 92.
  • the clearance between the fuse element 91 and each of the separators 95 is minimal in particular to ensure the rigid retention of the fuse element in the event of a lightning strike.
  • the means maintained are then provided directly by the separators 95 and the insulating wall 92.
  • the conductive fuse element 91 consists of a conductive sheet of metal.
  • the conductive sheet is preferably held by holding means on an insulating support which can constitute an element of the insulating lateral wall 92.
  • the passage gap of said at least one fuse element is represented by a first hatched area 73.
  • the dashed hatched surface 74 represents the electric arc present in the expansion spaces 97 when said at least one fuse element has melted.
  • the electric current then reached a significant value, greater than 1000A.
  • the area where the dotted lines 74 and the first shaded area 73 overlap corresponds to the space where a fraction of the electric arc is not divided by the separators.
  • the larger this superposition area the lower the arc voltage and the lower the short circuit current limitation.
  • a high arc voltage will be reached faster with cutoff devices according to the invention with known cutting devices.
  • the zone of interaction between the dotted zone 74 and the shaded area 73 is lower for the Figure 6B that for the Figure 6A .
  • the extinguishing chamber 99 comprises a plurality of conductive separators 95 extending preferably perpendicular to a median longitudinal axis Z.
  • Said at least one side wall 92 is preferably composed of four lateral facades extending along a median longitudinal axis Z.
  • the four lateral facades are conjoined.
  • the extinguishing chamber 99 has a parallelepipedal shape and the separators 95 have a square or rectangular shape.
  • the protection device 1 against overvoltages comprises a housing made of molded plastic material and consisting of two parallel side flanges of insulating material placed on either side of a median longitudinal plane. Said flanges may constitute part of two facades of the side wall 92. A portion of the side flanges then constitutes a portion of the side wall 92 of the extinguishing chamber 99 of the thermal disconnector 9.
  • the separators 95 are held by two of the facades side.
  • the side wall 92 is preferably composed of a gasogenic plastic material. As shown on the Figure 6C , the presence of gasogenic material makes it possible to push the electric arc towards the center of the extinguishing chamber and away from the passage gap. As has been described above, this further increases the efficiency of the extinguishing chamber of the fuse cutoff device.
  • the insulating side wall can be made of glass or ceramic.
  • said at least one side wall 92 has gas evacuation holes contained in the expansion volumes 97.
  • filters are positioned at the drainage holes, preferably outside the extinguishing chambers arc. These filters make it possible to strongly limit the external manifestations of the protection device. Indeed, the hot cutoff gases present in the arc extinguishing chamber are greatly cooled as they pass through the filters. The inside of the protection device against overvoltages is thus less polluted.
  • the surge protector 2 is electrically connected in series with the disconnection device 3 by at least one fuse link 8, 91.
  • drive means 22 permanently exert the displacement force Fd on said surge protector. If at least one of the fuse links 8, 91 is destroyed, the surge protector 2 then moves under the action of the displacement force Fd.
  • the displacement of said limiter acts directly on the actuating mechanism 7. Said mechanism unlocks and moves the third movable arc switching electrode 60 and causes permanent and permanent opening of the electrical contacts 30, 31.
  • the drive means 22 comprise a spring.
  • this helical type spring is stretched to exert the displacement force Fd directly on the varistor 21 of the surge limiter 2.
  • this helical type spring is compressed.
  • the surge protector 2 may be electrically connected to the second connection pad 51 by two fusible links 8, 91.
  • a first fusible link 8 is melted in the event of overheating of said surge protector.
  • a second fuse link 91 plays the role of the thermal disconnector 9.
  • the varistor 21 moves under the action of the displacement force Fd to act directly on the actuating mechanism 7.
  • the varistor 21 is connected in series with the disconnecting device 3 through two terminals.
  • a first terminal is connected to the disconnection device 3 by a flexible metal braid 15, and a second terminal is connected to the second connection range 51.
  • the metal conductive foil constitutes the fuse element 91 of the thermal disconnector 9.
  • the conductive metal sheet then maintains the varistor in a first position.
  • the metal conductive sheet connecting the varistor 21 to the second connection pad 51 then comprises a section calibrated to melt when said sheet is traversed for a given time by short-circuit electrical currents whose energy is below the tripping threshold. .
  • the metal conductive foil connecting the varistor 21 to the second connection pad 51 is soldered to the second terminal of the varistor by a low temperature solder forming the first fusible link 8.
  • the operation remains unchanged if the varistor 21 is placed in a carriage or in a mobile housing, forming a single block with the varistor 21.
  • the displacement force Fd could then be applied to the carriage or to the mobile housing in place of apply directly to the varistor.
  • the carriage or the mobile housing could act directly on the trigger bar 71 of the actuating mechanism 7.
  • the thermal disconnector 9 comprises two arc extinguishing chambers 99 placed side by side. Each arc extinguishing chamber 99 is traversed by a fuse element 91.
  • This particular arrangement of the two arc extinguishing chambers 99 is optimized for an internal volume of an overvoltage protection device as shown in FIG. figure 10 .
  • the fact of having two arc extinction chambers 99 connected in series makes it possible to double the arc voltage and thus to better limit the short-circuit currents.
  • the fuse elements 91 passing respectively through the two arc extinguishing chambers 99 are not calibrated identically. Indeed, the first fuse element 91 which is directly connected to the varistor 21 via the metal sheet is calibrated to melt before the second fuse element.
  • This configuration makes it possible to ensure that, in the presence of a short-circuit current, the melting of the first fusible element will systematically release said varistor.
  • the varistor will move under the effect of the displacement force Fd to actuate the actuating mechanism 7 and cause permanent and permanent opening of the electrical contacts 30, 31.
  • a second disconnector against the AC or DC short-circuit currents 10 is connected in series with the surge protector 2 between the third movable arc switching electrode 60 and the second connection pad 51.
  • the second disconnector is an electromagnetic disconnector 10.
  • the electromagnetic disconnector 10 comprises electromagnetic tripping means 12 for acting on the actuating mechanism 7 and causing the permanent opening of the electrical contacts 30, 31.
  • the electromagnetic trigger means 12 comprise a plunger core. Circulation of short-circuit currents through the electromagnetic disconnector 10 causes the displacement of the plunger to act on the actuating mechanism 7.
  • this plunger core comprises a striker which releases the attachment of the actuating mechanism 7
  • the mass of the plunger is calibrated so that the core does not move in the passage of the lightning impulse currents in the protection device.
  • this electromagnetic plunger disconnector 10 also comprises its own hooking system to prohibit the reset of the actuating mechanism 7 when it is unlocked.
  • the electromagnetic triggering means 12 comprise a pallet.
  • the mass of the pallet is calibrated so that it does not move to the passage of the lightning shock currents in the protection device.
  • this pallet also has a hooking system which prevents the reset of the actuating mechanism 7 so the pallet has been actuated by a fault current.
  • the electromagnetic disconnector 10 is also calibrated to actuate the actuating mechanism 7 when it is crossed by alternating or continuous short circuit electrical currents whose energy is greater than the disconnection threshold.
  • the electromagnetic trigger means 12 act on the mechanism actuator 7 to cause permanent and permanent opening of the electrical contacts 30, 31.
  • the operation of the overvoltage protection device 1 comprising at least a first thermal disconnector 9 is as follows:
  • the thermal disconnector 9 is nevertheless calibrated to disconnect when it is crossed by alternating or continuous short circuit electrical currents whose energy is greater than a disconnection threshold.
  • the electric currents responsible for the disconnection of said disconnector have an intensity greater than 100A.
  • the fuse element 91 of the thermal disconnector 9 is calibrated to then go into a closed electrical state to an open electrical state under the effect of the thermal stress generated by the passage of short-circuit currents.
  • the voltage generated by the quenching chamber 99 of the thermal disconnector 9 is important because of the splitting in the separators 95 and / or the rolling of the arc. Thus, for these short-circuit current values, the limitation will essentially be ensured by the thermal disconnector 9.
  • the melting of the fuse element 91 causes the overvoltage limiter 2 to move and the mechanism to be actuated. actuation 7 to cause permanent and permanent opening of the electrical contacts 30, 31.
  • the overvoltage protection device 1 When the overvoltage protection device 1 is traversed by strong alternating or short-circuit currents whose intensity is greater than that of those described above, especially whose intensity is greater than 6000 A, the repulsion of the third movable arc switching electrode 60 is important.
  • the voltage of the arc 100 rises rapidly and its switching on the second connection electrode 50 is done quickly. This switching speed is a function of the level of the short-circuit current. After switching, the arc voltage increase is ensured by the breaking chamber 101.
  • a residual current can flow in the third movable arc switching electrode 60 and cause the fusion of the fuse element 91 of the thermal disconnector 9 or the actuation of the electromagnetic disconnector 10. Said fusion or said actuation then causes the displacement of the surge limiter 2 and the actuation of the actuating mechanism 7 to cause the permanent and permanent opening of the electrical contacts 30, 31.
  • a high-energy disconnector 11 is connected in series between the first connection electrode 40 and the first connection pad 41.
  • Said high-energy disconnector 11 is calibrated to disconnect when it is crossed. by electric currents having an energy higher than the triggering energy threshold.
  • said high-energy disconnector is intended to act on the actuating mechanism 7 to move the third movable arc switching electrode 60 and cause the permanent opening of the electrical contacts 30, 31.
  • the high-energy disconnector 11 is then calibrated to unlock the actuating mechanism 7 when traversed by electric currents having an energy higher than the triggering energy threshold.
  • Said high-energy disconnector then comprises means for acting on the actuating mechanism 7 to cause permanent opening of the electrical contacts 30, 31.
  • the high-energy disconnector 11 is an electromagnetic disconnector comprising electromagnetic triggering means.
  • the high-energy disconnector 11 is a thermal disconnector.
  • Said disconnector comprises an arc extinguishing chamber 99 having a median longitudinal axis Z and being delimited by an insulating side wall 92. Said wall extends between a first and second conductive radial wall 90.
  • the arc extinguishing chamber 99 comprises at least one conductive separator 95 held inside said chamber to define two expansion volumes 97.
  • At least one fuse element 91 is electrically connected between a first and a second electrode 96 and extending from the first to the second radial wall 90 through a passage gap.
  • Said at least one fuse element 91 is rigidly held in the arc extinguishing chamber 99 by holding means.
  • the section of the at least one fuse element 91 in a plane perpendicular to the median longitudinal axis Z is elongate in shape so that the length of said section is at least three times greater than the width.
  • the device comprises a closing abutment 80 intended to directly or indirectly hold the third movable arc switching electrode 60 at a distance D from the first electrode connection 40 when the electrical contacts 30, 31 are closed.
  • This separation distance D of the electrical contacts in the closed position acts as a spark gap 22 electrically positioned in series with the varistor 21 of the surge protector 2.
  • the closing abutment 80 comprises a conductive fixed pellet having a face constituting a fixed electrode facing the first connecting electrode 40 and an opposite face constituting a contact electrode on which the third electrode of mobile arc switching 60.
  • the closing abutment 80 has two parts 81, 82.
  • a first portion 80 of insulating material is placed in contact with the fixed contact 30.
  • a second portion 82 of conductive material is placed adjacent to the first portion 81 and is in contact with the movable contact when the two contacts 30, 31 are closed.
  • the thickness of the first insulating part determines the distance D.
  • the thermal disconnector 9 is out of circuit when an electric arc 100 is switched between the first connection electrode 40 and the second connection electrode 50.
  • the disconnecting device comprises resetting means 72.
  • the resetting means 72 allow the displacement of said third electrode from the so-called switching position to the so-called service position.
  • the resetting means 72 it is possible to mechanically cause the closing of the contacts 30, 31 after permanent opening of said contacts.
  • the resetting means 72 also act on the actuating mechanism 7 to cause the permanent opening of the electrical contacts 30, 31.
  • the resetting means 72 are no longer operational as soon as a disconnector against the currents alternating or continuous short circuits 9, 10 has caused the definitive opening of the electrical contacts 30, 31 following a short-circuit fault.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Claims (20)

  1. Überspannungs-Schutzeinrichtung (1), die
    - eine Abschalteinrichtung (3) mit elektrischen Kontakten (30, 31), bestehend aus
    - einer, elektrisch mit einer ersten Anschlussklemme (41) verbundenen, ersten Anschlusselektrode (40),
    - einer, elektrisch mit der zweiten Anschlussklemme (51) verbundenen, zweiten Anschlusselektrode (50),
    - einer, elektrisch mit der zweiten Anschlussklemme (51) verbundenen dritten, bewegbaren Lichtbogen-Umschaltelektrode (60) sowie
    - einem Schaltmechanismus (7), der dazu dient, die dritte, bewegbare Lichtbogen-Umschaltelektrode (60) zu verschieben, um die dauerhafte Öffnung der elektrischen Kontakte (30, 31) zu bewirken,
    und einen Überspannungsbegrenzer (2) umfasst, der in Reihe zwischen die dritte, bewegbare Lichtbogen-Umschaltelektrode (60) und die zweite Anschlussklemme (51) geschaltet ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schutzeinrichtung mindestens eine erste thermische Abtrenneinrichtung (9) zum Schutz gegen Kurzschluss-Gleichströme oder -Wechselströme umfasst, welche Abtrenneinrichtung in Reihe mit dem Überspannungsbegrenzer (2) zwischen die dritte, bewegbare Lichtbogen-Umschaltelektrode (60) und die zweite Anschlussklemme (51) geschaltet ist und mindestens ein Schmelzelement (91) umfasst, das im Inneren einer Isolierstoff-Seitenwand (92) einer Lichtbogenlöschkammer (99) eine zwischen einer ersten und einer zweiten leitenden Radialwand (90) ausgebildete Durchführungsöffnung durchragt, welche Lichtbogenlöschkammer (99) mindestens einen leitenden Trennsteg (95) umfasst, der zur Bildung von zwei Ausdehnungsräumen (97) im Inneren der Isolierstoff-Seitenwand (92) befestigt ist, wobei
    - die thermische Abtrenneinrichtung spannungsfrei geschaltet ist, wenn ein Lichtbogen (100) zwischen der ersten Anschlusselektrode (40) und der zweiten Anschlusselektrode (50) abbrennt,
    - die Abschaltung der genannten Abtrenneinrichtung (9) erfolgt, wenn sie von Kurzschluss-Gleichströmen oder -Wechselströmen durchflossen wird, deren Energie unter einem Energie-Ansprechwert liegt, welcher Energie-Ansprechwert dem Ansprechwert entspricht, bei dessen Überschreiten Blitzstoßströme der Wellenform 10/350 oder 8/20 die dauerhafte Öffnung der elektrischen Kontakte (30, 31) bewirken.
  2. Überspannungs-Schutzeinrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Schmelzelement (91) eine Querschnittsform aufweist, die annähernd der Querschnittsform der Durchführungsöffnung entspricht.
  3. Überspannungs-Schutzeinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Querschnitt des mindestens einfach vorhandenen Schmelzleiters (91) in einer Ebene senkrecht zur Mittel-Längsachse (Z) eine langgezogene Form aufweist, derart, dass die Länge dieser Querschnittsfläche mindestens dreimal so groß ist wie die Breite.
  4. Überspannungs-Schutzeinrichtung nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die thermische Abtrenneinrichtung (9) zwei Lichtbogenlöschkammern (99) umfasst, die jeweils von einem Schmelzelement (91) durchragt werden.
  5. Überspannungs-Schutzeinrichtung nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens einfach vorhandene Schmelzelement (91) als leitende Metallfolie ausgebildet ist.
  6. Überspannungs-Schutzeinrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Metallfolie durch Haltemittel auf einem Isolierstoffträger befestigt ist, das als Teil der Isolierstoff-Seitenwand (92) ausgebildet ist.
  7. Überspannungs-Schutzeinrichtung nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens einfach vorhandene Schmelzelement (91) an den Rändern des genannten, mindestens einfach vorhandenen Trennstegs (95) angeordnet ist.
  8. Überspannungs-Schutzeinrichtung nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Seitenwand (92) Ableitöffnungen zur Abführung der in den Ausdehnungsräumen (97) enthaltenen Gase umfasst.
  9. Überspannungs-Schutzeinrichtung nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ein Gehäuse mit mindestens zwei Isolierstoff-Seitenteilen umfasst, welche Seitenteile als Teilabschnitte der Seitenwand (92) der genannten thermischen Abtrenneinrichtung (9) ausgebildet sind.
  10. Überspannungs-Schutzeinrichtung nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Isolierstoff-Seitenwand (92) aus einem gasabgebenden Material besteht.
  11. Überspannungs-Schutzeinrichtung nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Überspannungsbegrenzer (2) über mindestens eine aufschmelzbare Verbindung (8, 91) mit der Abschalteinrichtung (3) in Reihe geschaltet ist und dass der Überspannungsbegrenzer (2) durch Antriebsmittel (22) mit einer Verschiebekraft (Fd) beaufschlagt und durch diese Kraft verschoben wird, wenn die genannte, mindestens einfach vorhandene aufschmelzbare Verbindung schmilzt, wobei die Verschiebung des genannten Überspannungsbegrenzers unmittelbar auf den Schaltmechanismus (7) einwirkt, um die Verschiebung der dritten, bewegbaren Lichtbogen-Umschaltelektrode (60) und die dauerhafte Öffnung der Kontakte (30, 31) zu bewirken.
  12. Überspannungs-Schutzeinrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Überspannungsbegrenzer (2) über eine erste aufschmelzbare Verbindung (8), welche bei Überhitzung des genannten Überspannungsbegrenzers abschmilzt, elektrisch mit der zweiten Anschlussklemme (51) verbunden ist.
  13. Überspannungs-Schutzeinrichtung nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Überspannungsbegrenzer (2) über eine zweite aufschmelzbare Verbindung (91), die als thermische Abtrenneinrichtung (9) wirkt, elektrisch mit der zweiten Anschlussklemme (51) verbunden ist.
  14. Überspannungs-Schutzeinrichtung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine zweite, elektromagnetische Abtrenneinrichtung (10) zum Schutz gegen Kurzschluss-Gleichströme oder -Wechselströme in Reihe mit der thermischen Abtrenneinrichtung (9) und dem Überspannungsbegrenzer (2) zwischen die dritte, bewegbare Lichtbogen-Umschaltelektrode (60) und die zweite Anschlussklemme (51) geschaltet ist.
  15. Überspannungs-Schutzeinrichtung nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektromagnetische Abtrenneinrichtung (10) elektromagnetische Auslösemittel (12) zur Einwirkung auf den Schaltmechanismus (7) umfasst, um die dauerhafte Öffnung der elektrischen Kontakte (30, 31) zu bewirken.
  16. Überspannungs-Schutzeinrichtung nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Hochleistungs-Abtrenneinrichtung (11) in Reihe zwischen die erste Anschlusselektrode (40) und die erste Anschlussklemme (41) geschaltet ist, welche Hochleistungs-Abtrenneinrichtung (11) so eingestellt ist, dass sie eine Trennung bewirkt, wenn sie von Strömen durchflossen wird, deren Energie den Energie-Ansprechwert übersteigt.
  17. Überspannungs-Schutzeinrichtung nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hochleistungs-Abtrenneinrichtung (11) eine, durch eine Isolierstoff-Seitenwand (92) begrenzte Lichtbogenlöschkammer (99) umfasst, welche Seitenwand zwischen einer ersten und einer zweiten leitenden Radialwand (90) angeordnet ist, dass die Lichtbogenlöschkammer (2) mindestens einen leitenden Trennsteg (95), der zur Bildung von zwei Ausdehnungsräumen (97) im Innern der genannten Lichtbogenlöschkammer befestigt ist, sowie mindestens ein, zwischen einer ersten und einer zweiten Elektrode geschaltetes leitendes Schmelzelement (91) umfasst, dass das genannte, mindestens einfach vorhandene Schmelzelement (91) eine Durchführungsöffnung durchragend von der ersten bis zur zweiten Radialwand (90) verläuft und durch Haltemittel fest in der Lichtbogenlöschkammer (99) gehalten wird, und dass der Querschnitt des genannten, mindestens einfach vorhandenen Schmelzelements (91) eine langgezogene Form aufweist, derart, dass die Länge dieser Querschnittsfläche mindestens dreimal so groß ist wie die Breite.
  18. Schutzeinrichtung nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen Einschaltanschlag (80) umfasst, der dazu dient, die dritte, bewegbare Lichtbogen-Umschaltelektrode (60) mittelbar oder unmittelbar in einem Trennabstand (D) von der ersten Anschlusselektrode (40) zu halten, wenn die elektrischen Kontakte (30, 31) geschlossen sind.
  19. Schutzeinrichtung nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Einschaltanschlag (80) zwei Abschnitte (80, 81) umfasst, wobei ein erster, aus Isolierstoff bestehender Abschnitt (80) am feststehenden Kontakt (30) anliegt und ein zweiter, aus einem Leiterwerkstoff bestehender Abschnitt (82) an den ersten Abschnitt (81) angrenzend angeordnet ist und auf dem bewegbaren Kontakt aufliegt, wenn die beiden Kontakte (30, 31) geschlossen sind.
  20. Schutzeinrichtung nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dicke des ersten, aus Isolierstoff bestehenden Abschnitts (81) dem Trennabstand (D) entspricht.
EP09354003.7A 2008-02-27 2009-01-23 Vorrichtung zum Schutz gegen Überspannungen, die selektive Unterbrechungsmittel umfasst Active EP2096657B1 (de)

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FR0801072A FR2928026B1 (fr) 2008-02-27 2008-02-27 Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions comprenant des moyens de deconnexion selectifs

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BR112012022766A2 (pt) * 2010-03-08 2018-05-22 Cooper Technologies Co sistemas de proteção de linha
TWI382440B (zh) * 2011-01-14 2013-01-11 Powertech Ind Co Ltd 熱保護模組
DE102011015449B4 (de) * 2011-01-25 2014-09-25 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Schalteinheit zum Schalten von hohen Gleichspannungen
DE202011110468U1 (de) 2011-02-18 2014-03-07 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung, umfassend mindestens einen Überspannungsableiter
CN103608886B (zh) * 2011-06-28 2015-12-23 打矢恒温器株式会社 马达保护器
CN104813432B (zh) * 2012-11-12 2017-02-22 上海电科电器科技有限公司 具有短路电流保护功能的电涌保护器
US8820174B2 (en) * 2012-11-21 2014-09-02 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Dual threshold sensor for detecting relative movement
WO2015085329A1 (en) * 2013-12-04 2015-06-11 Jorgen Nielsen A surge protection device
DE202014002496U1 (de) 2014-03-20 2014-04-17 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung, umfassend mindestens einen Überspannungsableiter und eine dem Überspannungsableiter parallel geschaltete, thermisch auslösbare, federvorgespannte Kurzschliessschalteinrichtung
CN109767956B (zh) * 2019-01-24 2024-06-07 隆科电子(惠阳)有限公司 一种适用于浪涌保护装置的多通道分时序分断结构
JP2020167089A (ja) * 2019-03-29 2020-10-08 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 回路遮断器
DE102019114424A1 (de) * 2019-05-29 2020-12-03 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Überlastschutzanordnung
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CN112908797A (zh) * 2021-01-06 2021-06-04 加西亚电子电器股份有限公司 一种交直流可互换的断路器

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CN101521128A (zh) 2009-09-02
EP2096657A1 (de) 2009-09-02
ES2496668T3 (es) 2014-09-19
FR2928026B1 (fr) 2011-08-19
US8009401B2 (en) 2011-08-30
BRPI0900690B1 (pt) 2019-04-30
FR2928026A1 (fr) 2009-08-28
US20090213518A1 (en) 2009-08-27
CN101521128B (zh) 2013-11-06
BRPI0900690A2 (pt) 2009-06-13

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