EP0406236A1 - Dispositif de controle du transport de supports d'enregistrement en feuilles dans une machine d'impression par electrophotographie. - Google Patents

Dispositif de controle du transport de supports d'enregistrement en feuilles dans une machine d'impression par electrophotographie.

Info

Publication number
EP0406236A1
EP0406236A1 EP88904913A EP88904913A EP0406236A1 EP 0406236 A1 EP0406236 A1 EP 0406236A1 EP 88904913 A EP88904913 A EP 88904913A EP 88904913 A EP88904913 A EP 88904913A EP 0406236 A1 EP0406236 A1 EP 0406236A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
recording medium
light barrier
edge
optical sensor
measuring device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88904913A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0406236B1 (fr
Inventor
Gerhard Klapettek
Siegfried Schneider
Bernd-Otto Schaefer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Canon Production Printing Germany GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0406236A1 publication Critical patent/EP0406236A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0406236B1 publication Critical patent/EP0406236B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/65—Apparatus which relate to the handling of copy material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/22—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
    • G03G15/28—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which projection is obtained by line scanning
    • G03G15/30—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which projection is obtained by line scanning in which projection is formed on a drum
    • G03G15/305—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which projection is obtained by line scanning in which projection is formed on a drum with special means to synchronize the scanning optic to the operation of other parts of the machine, e.g. photoreceptor, copy paper
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/50—Machine control of apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern, e.g. regulating differents parts of the machine, multimode copiers, microprocessor control
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
    • G03G2215/00362—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes relating to the copy medium handling
    • G03G2215/00367—The feeding path segment where particular handling of the copy medium occurs, segments being adjacent and non-overlapping. Each segment is identified by the most downstream point in the segment, so that for instance the segment labelled "Fixing device" is referring to the path between the "Transfer device" and the "Fixing device"
    • G03G2215/00371—General use over the entire feeding path
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
    • G03G2215/00362—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes relating to the copy medium handling
    • G03G2215/00535—Stable handling of copy medium
    • G03G2215/00603—Control of other part of the apparatus according to the state of copy medium feeding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
    • G03G2215/00362—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes relating to the copy medium handling
    • G03G2215/00535—Stable handling of copy medium
    • G03G2215/00611—Detector details, e.g. optical detector

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for monitoring the position of sheet-shaped recording media with respect to a transport path in an electrophotographic printer according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • the sheet-shaped recording medium can be aligned substantially parallel to the direction of transport, in particular lateral trays, as explained, can only be further reduced with mechanical guides with very complex constructions.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a device of the type mentioned at the beginning which allows the transport of the sheet-shaped recording medium, in particular in the area of the transfer printing station of the electrophotographic printer, to be monitored with simple means and reliably in order to monitor the toner image on the sheet-shaped To transfer record carriers as true to format as possible.
  • This object is achieved in a device of the type mentioned in the invention with the features described in the characterizing part of the main claim.
  • the solution according to the invention is based on the fact that a certain alignment of the sheet-shaped recording medium with respect to the transport path is possible with the mechanical measures which have been customary to date, and that the tolerances still remaining are very difficult to narrow further using known measures, particularly in the case of electrophotographic printers with high printing performance .
  • the solution according to the invention is therefore also based on the fact that, with relatively simple means, a rough alignment of the sheet-shaped recording medium parallel to the transport direction is entirely possible, even if this is still not sufficient for the intended purpose.
  • the front edge of the recording medium transported in the direction of the transfer printing station of the electrophotographic printer is detected with a light barrier located in the transport path when passing through a position which is aligned precisely with the geometry of the charge storage drum and the arrangement of a character generator for generating the latent charge image is.
  • the feed of the sheet-like recording medium can thus be precisely synchronized with the rotation of the charge storage drum, so that the front edge of the recording medium is already at a defined vertical distance from the transfer printing area when the first line of the toner image enters the transfer printing area.
  • an optical measuring device is provided in front of this vertical light barrier, which measures the position of the side edge of an incoming sheet-shaped recording medium exactly and forwards this measured value to a printer controller.
  • a printer controller Since known electrophotographic printers also have a relatively complex printer control, which in particular processes the print information in such a way that it is available point-to-point synchronized in the character generator of the electrophotographic printer, it does not pose any particular difficulty to adapt the printer control so that it adjusts the lateral orientation of the printer corrected pressure information provided in the character generator using this measured value.
  • the invention therefore does not attempt, for example, to further improve the alignment of the sheet-like recording medium with respect to the direction of transport, which would be difficult to carry out for reasons of complexity.
  • the toner image to be re-printed is shifted along the surface lines of the charge storage drum in a tolerance range of a few millimeters in such a way that the lateral deposition of the recording medium due to mechanical tolerances is corrected from a standard position.
  • the charge image to be re-printed is "aligned" in order to correct side deposits of the record carrier.
  • this can be achieved with simple means by means of a fork light barrier which can be displaced transversely to the direction of transport as a measuring device and whose linear displacement path is controlled by a stepper motor.
  • the direction of displacement of the fork light barrier is controlled so that it is moved from a zero position towards the side edge to be detected, where in which the incremental steps required until the detection of the side edge are counted.
  • This number of steps is thus a measure of the lateral placement of the sheet-shaped recording medium just entering.
  • This value is processed in binary coding in the printer controller in order to provide the print information in the character generator for the corresponding print page horizontally aligned on the recording medium.
  • FIG. 1 shows a side view of a schematic representation of the transport path of an electrophotographic printer in the area of the transfer printing station, in which several light barriers are arranged in front of the transfer printing station,
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram for the mechanical construction of one of these light barriers, which is designed to be displaceable transversely to the transport direction of the sheet-shaped recording medium for detecting a side reference edge of the sheet-shaped recording medium with the aid of a stepping motor, and
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically at 1 a transport path for sheet-shaped recording media 2 of an electrophotographic printer in the vicinity of a charge storage drum 3.
  • the charge storage drum 3 passes, among other things, a transfer printing station 6, in which the charge image generated by the character generator 5 is transferred line by line to the recording medium 2 in the form of appropriately configured toner particles.
  • the electrophotographic principle is generally known, so that it does not have to be elaborated on here,
  • a number of light barriers 7 to 9 are arranged in front of the charge storage drum 3 in the course of the transport path 1, but the illustration in FIG. 1 is not to scale and only shows the principle.
  • the transport speed of the recording media 2 is usually identical to the peripheral speed of the charge storage drum 3.
  • the first of these light barriers which is referred to as the vertical light barrier 7, lies at a distance a from the transfer printing station. This distance a corresponds, as indicated in FIG. 1, to the handling of the circumference of the charge storage drum 3 between the transfer station 6 and the character generator 5.
  • the vertical light barrier thus has the task of determining the front edge of the recording medium 2 transported along the transport path 1, so that the start of printing in the transfer station can be controlled so that the first print line on the recording medium 2 lies exactly with a predetermined vertical distance from its front edge.
  • the second light barrier In front of the first light barrier 7 is the second light barrier, which is referred to as horizontal light barrier 8, at a distance b.
  • This light barrier also detects the passage of the front edge of a recording medium 2 and triggers a process which determines the horizontal position of the recording medium 2 in relation to the transport path 1. This process is carried out with the aid of the third light barrier, which is designated as an edge light barrier 9 and detects the position of a side edge of the recording medium 2 with respect to the transport path 1.
  • FIG. 2 another view for the arrangement described with reference to FIG. 1 is shown schematically as a view from above.
  • the vertical light barrier 7 lies at a distance a therefrom, which - as described - is determined by the geometrical arrangement of the character generator 5 in relation to the transfer printing station 6.
  • This light barrier like the horizontal light barrier 8 adjacent at a distance b, lies in the middle of the transport path 1, in which an incoming recording medium 2 is shown schematically.
  • a double arrow 10 it is arranged to be displaceable transversely to the transport path in order to detect the side edge of the record carrier 2.
  • FIG 3 the mechanical arrangement for moving the edge light barrier 9 is shown schematically.
  • the edge light barrier 9 with its transmitting diode 90 and its receiving transistor 91 is arranged vertically to the transport path 1 below or above this transport path.
  • a slot diaphragm 92 is assigned to the light entry side of the receiving transistor 91.
  • This edge light barrier 9 is with its transmit or Emp catch part set in a fork 11, which comprises the transport path 1 on both sides.
  • the fork 11 is mechanically coupled to a stepper motor 12, which is designed such that it converts the incremental rotary movement into a linear movement with an internal gear, so that the edge light barrier 9 can be displaced bidirectionally in the direction of the double arrow 10 transversely to the transport path 1.
  • a zero position detector 13 To monitor the linear movement of the edge light barrier 9, a further light barrier, a zero position detector 13, is provided. Its position in relation to the transport path 1 results from the basic function of the edge light barrier 9. To determine the current position of the side edge of the recording medium 2, the edge light barrier 9, controlled by the stepping motor 12, is first moved into the transport path 1 until it is one predetermined end position reached. This end position is selected such that the edge light barrier 9 then lies within the side edge 200 of the recording medium 2 to be detected in any case, even if the recording medium 2 is still permitted to be deposited laterally. This end position defined in this way is referred to as the zero position. Accordingly, a zero position detector 13 is arranged transversely to the transport path 1 in such a way that in this zero position it detects the edge of a flag 110 of the fork 11.
  • the edge light barrier 9 In order to determine the actual position of the side edge 200 of the recording medium 2 to be detected, the edge light barrier 9 is moved out of the transport path 1 incrementally. The edge light barrier 9 changes the signal state at its output at the moment the side edge overflows. The number of steps of the stepping motor 12, which are necessary from the zero position until the position of the side edge 200 is recognized, is thus a measure of the actual position of the side edge 200 with respect to the
  • this measured value is fed to a controller 23 of the printer and processed there processed in order to then supply the character generator 5 with printing information with a correspondingly adapted value for the horizontal beginning of the printing lines.
  • the step-by-step linear movement of the edge light barrier 9 or of the stepping motor 12 is expediently adapted to the raster width of the character generator 5. This will be explained using an example. Is the resolution of the character generator 5 z. B. 240 dpi (dots per inch), the raster width is the reciprocal of this number size.
  • the linear displacement path of the stepping motor 12 is expediently chosen to be just as large per step and is therefore, expressed in millimeters, 0.158 mm. This value is essentially the absolute error of this mechanical optical measuring device under the assumed conditions.
  • the horizontal light barrier 8 determines the start of the measurement process explained above, then its distance from the vertical light barrier 7 must be at least so large that the measurement process described and the subsequent processing of the measured value into control signals for the character generator 5 can be carried out in the period of time that the front edge of the recording carrier 2 needs to cover the distance b.
  • This distance b depends first of all on the transport speed v of the recording medium 2. This transport speed may be 0.2 m / s, for example.
  • a minimum period tmi.n ang 3 must be set, which is required to transmit a determined measured value to the printer controller, to have it processed there and to provide the adapted print information in the character generator 5. For this period tmi.n, for example, 50 ms are set.
  • the third influencing variable is the maximum period of time for the course of the measuring process itself. It is influenced by the start / stop operating frequency of the stepping motor 12 and the number of the maximum required steps in the direction of displacement 10. With the above assumptions, the distance b is then, for example, 35 mm and more.
  • the distance c of the horizontal light barrier 8 from the edge light barrier 9 is less determined by such functional boundary conditions and can be chosen relatively freely in terms of construction, for example 10 mm.
  • FIG. 4 shows schematically the light barriers 7, 8, 9 and 13 described above, the signal outputs VER, HOR, EDGE and POS ⁇ are fed in parallel to a programmable controller 14. This essentially generates the control signals for the control of the stepper motor 12.
  • Stepper motor controls as such are known from a large number of applications. They are used so frequently that specific integrated circuits are also customary on the market.
  • Two such circuits, a drive circuit 15 and a power driver circuit 16, in Commercially available as circuits L297 or L298 from SGS, are shown in FIG. 4 in a typical, conventionally customary configuration.
  • the control circuit 15 receives control signals generated by the programmable controller 14, an activation signal MOEN, a clock signal MOCLK and a direction signal MODIR.
  • the activation signal MOEN activates the control of the stepping motor 12.
  • the clock signal MOCLK triggers an incremental step of the stepping motor 12 with its rising edges.
  • the direction signal MODIR defines one of the possible directions of rotation of the stepper motor 12.
  • the two integrated circuits 15 and 16 are connected to one another in accordance with the known regulations of the circuit manufacturer, so that a detailed explanation does not appear to be necessary here.
  • a bridge circuit made up of eight diodes D1 to D8, via which windings 121 and 122 of the stepping motor 12 are selectively connected to the operating voltage (24 V) in order to trigger the stepping movements.
  • the zero position of the edge light barriers 9 represents the initial state. Therefore, the corresponding output signal POS ⁇ of the zero position detector 13 should set the measuring device in a defined initial state. This is illustrated in the block diagram of FIG. 4 so that in the programmable controller 14, for example, a reset signal RES for the connected circuit is derived from the output signal POS réelles of the zero position detector 13 supplied to it.
  • the measuring process is started, ie the edge light barrier 9, controlled by the stepping motor 12, is moved out of the transport path 1.
  • the incremental stepping movements of the stepping motor 12 must be counted.
  • a binary counter 17 can be used, for example, which is clock-controlled by the clock signal MOCLK.
  • the binary counter is reset by the reset signal RES as soon as the zero position of the edge light barrier 9 is reached.
  • the binary counter 17 is activated as soon as the measuring process is triggered by the change in the state of the output signal HOR of the horizontal light barrier 8. This is illustrated in FIG. 4 in such a way that this output signal HOR is fed to the set input of an RS flip-flop 19 via a first inverter 18. This is set as soon as the front edge of a record carrier 2 is detected by the horizontal light barrier 8.
  • RS flip-flops 19 are fed to an AND gate 20, which also receives the enable signal MOEN at a further input.
  • a signal derived from the output signal EDGE of the edge light barrier 9 is fed to a third input of the AND gate 20 via a further inverter 21.
  • the AND gate switches the enable signal MOEN for the stepper motor 12 on the condition that the horizontal light barrier 8 has triggered the start of the measuring process and that on the other hand the edge light barrier 9 has not yet detected the side edge 200 of the record carrier.
  • the output signal of the AND gate 20 forms the enable signal EN for the binary counter 17. As long as this enable signal is applied to the binary counter 17, the positive edges of the clock signals MOCLK are added up in the binary counter. In the final state, the counter reading of the Bi The number 17 of the number of steps that the edge light barrier 9 has covered from the zero position until the side edge 200 of the recording medium 2 has been reached. This value is transferred to an intermediate register 22 so that it can be transferred to the printer controller 23 independently of the reset of the binary counter 17. In the case of electrophotographic printers, the printer control 23 supplies, as is known, bit by bit the print information for the character generator 5, which is converted there into individual optical signals corresponding to a raster point of a microprint line.
  • the exemplary embodiment described illustrates that it is entirely possible, using measures known per se and using conventional control principles in electrophotographic printers, to determine vertical and horizontal starting points for the start of printing on a recording medium with great accuracy even when the recording medium is transported along the Transport path results in vertical or horizontal tolerances.
  • the exemplary embodiment described here represents only one of several possible forms for realizing a reference scale for the printed image, which is determined again and again individually for the recording medium.
  • it is, for example, of only minor importance in what way the measuring process in individual expires.
  • the zero position is definitely always within the record carrier, so that the edge to be detected is always sought in a specific direction.
  • the zero position could also be chosen to be identical to the nominal position of the side edge of the recording medium. The direction of displacement during the measurement process would then depend on the output signal of the edge light barrier at the start of the measurement process.
  • edge light barrier is already in the zero position when the front edge of the record carrier is detected by the horizontal light barrier.
  • the vertical light barrier in relation to the horizontal light barrier, it would also be possible to return the edge light barrier to its zero position only at the beginning of the actual measuring process. In the exemplary embodiment described, however, it was assumed that there is sufficient time for the edge light barrier to return to its zero position while an already detected recording medium is passing, in order to return the edge light barrier to its initial position after the rare edge has been detected.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Handling Of Sheets (AREA)
  • Controlling Sheets Or Webs (AREA)
  • Paper Feeding For Electrophotography (AREA)

Abstract

Tout en recourant à des moyens simples et en assurant un fonctionnement fiable, le transport de supports d'enregistrement en feuilles, en particulier dans la zone de transfert de la machine d'impression par électrophotographie, doit êtrte contrôlé avec précision, afin de transférer, avec le format le plus fidèle possible, l'image de la poudre "toner" sur lesdits supports d'enregistrement. A une distance déterminée (a) de la zone de transfert (6), il est prévu un capteur optique (7) destiné à détecter le bord avant d'un support d'enregistrement (2); par signal de sortie (VER) émis par ce capteur, le processus de déchargement et de transfert est synchronisable. Pour contrôler l'empilage latéral d'un support d'enregistrement, il est en outre prévu un dispositif de mesurage optique (9 à 13), qui se déplace transversalement pas à pas, à partir d'une position zéro en direction du parcours de transport (1) et qui détecte le bord latéral du support d'enregistrement. Le nombre de pas constitue une mesure pour l'empilage latéral du support d'enregistrement, mesure dont la grandeur sert à l'ajustement horizontal de l'image du toner au début d'une ligne, en ménageant une marge prédéterminée sur le bord latéral. Le dispositif de contrôle est utilisable en particulier pour une machine d'impression par électrophotographie lors du traitement de feuilles individuelles.
EP88904913A 1988-03-15 1988-06-09 Dispositif de controle du transport de supports d'enregistrement en feuilles dans une machine d'impression par electrophotographie Expired - Lifetime EP0406236B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19883808620 DE3808620A1 (de) 1988-03-15 1988-03-15 Einrichtung zum ueberwachen des transports von blattfoermigen aufzeichnungstraegern in einem elektrofotografischen drucker
DE3808620 1988-03-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0406236A1 true EP0406236A1 (fr) 1991-01-09
EP0406236B1 EP0406236B1 (fr) 1992-10-21

Family

ID=6349779

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88904913A Expired - Lifetime EP0406236B1 (fr) 1988-03-15 1988-06-09 Dispositif de controle du transport de supports d'enregistrement en feuilles dans une machine d'impression par electrophotographie

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0406236B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3808620A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1989008871A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5547299A (en) * 1993-03-22 1996-08-20 Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme Aktiengesellschaft Device for the exact positioning of a printing head in relation to a recording substrate

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4309185C2 (de) * 1993-03-22 1995-08-24 Siemens Nixdorf Inf Syst Vorrichtung zur exakten Positionierung eines Druckkopfs zu einem Aufzeichnungsträger
JP3963534B2 (ja) * 1997-08-02 2007-08-22 株式会社リコー 画像形成装置
JP2002532739A (ja) 1998-12-04 2002-10-02 オーセ プリンティング システムズ ゲゼルシャフト ミットベシュレンクテル ハフツング スリップ認識のためのセンサを有する電子写真印刷装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4260241A (en) * 1978-05-17 1981-04-07 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Copying apparatus
US4538905A (en) * 1983-12-05 1985-09-03 International Business Machines Corporation Electronic image registration
US4755855A (en) * 1985-05-30 1988-07-05 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Image forming apparatus with a forming position correcting function
DE3622972A1 (de) * 1985-07-11 1987-01-22 Toshiba Kawasaki Kk Abbildungsgeraet

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8908871A1 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5547299A (en) * 1993-03-22 1996-08-20 Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme Aktiengesellschaft Device for the exact positioning of a printing head in relation to a recording substrate

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0406236B1 (fr) 1992-10-21
DE3875494D1 (de) 1992-11-26
WO1989008871A1 (fr) 1989-09-21
DE3808620A1 (de) 1989-09-28

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