EP0353420A2 - Système de conduit d'air - Google Patents

Système de conduit d'air Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0353420A2
EP0353420A2 EP89110266A EP89110266A EP0353420A2 EP 0353420 A2 EP0353420 A2 EP 0353420A2 EP 89110266 A EP89110266 A EP 89110266A EP 89110266 A EP89110266 A EP 89110266A EP 0353420 A2 EP0353420 A2 EP 0353420A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
line
drying
branch
ring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89110266A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0353420A3 (en
EP0353420B1 (fr
Inventor
Jean-Louis Hermann Nieberding
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NIEBERDING JEAN LOUIS HERMANN
Original Assignee
NIEBERDING JEAN LOUIS HERMANN
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19883822704 external-priority patent/DE3822704A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19883822703 external-priority patent/DE3822703C1/de
Application filed by NIEBERDING JEAN LOUIS HERMANN filed Critical NIEBERDING JEAN LOUIS HERMANN
Priority to AT89110266T priority Critical patent/ATE76499T1/de
Publication of EP0353420A2 publication Critical patent/EP0353420A2/fr
Publication of EP0353420A3 publication Critical patent/EP0353420A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0353420B1 publication Critical patent/EP0353420B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/02—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
    • F26B21/04—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure partly outside the drying enclosure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an air duct system of a drying system having a fan for ventilation, heating or cooling with at least one drying room to be loaded with general cargo, such as brick or wood, each drying room having at least one switchable air inlet to be connected to the pressure side of the fan as a branch from the fan coming main pressure line is assigned. It also relates to a method for operating the air duct system.
  • drying system means in particular chamber dryers, tunnel dryers and rapid dryers of the type specified below. In short, we also speak of a dryer (and its drying rooms).
  • Air duct systems of this type are generally equipped with a burner before or after the fan and are used for heating and ventilating drying rooms in the ceramic and wood industry, for. B. for drying freshly formed bricks in brick factories. Drying times of hours to days and end temperatures of 80 ° C to a maximum of about 150 ° C in the drying rooms are possible.
  • a chamber dryer, a tunnel dryer or a quick dryer are optionally provided.
  • a chamber dryer can have a drying chamber or a plurality of individual chambers as independent drying rooms, which are loaded and unloaded one after the other and in which the degree of drying progresses accordingly.
  • a tunnel dryer consists of a single drying room with parallel transport lines for wagons loaded with dry goods and with ventilation passages in between.
  • the wagons receiving the product to be dried are fed to the drying room or tunnel from one side, the so-called wet side, and after passing through the tunnel length divided into several drying zones without blocking and after drying the product on the other Side, the so-called dry side, removed again.
  • a quick dryer is similar to the tunnel dryer. However, it is much smaller. Lighter product carriers are usually used instead of the trolleys.
  • the freshly formed bricks are arranged on shelves in chamber dryers of brick factories.
  • the drying room is supplied with drying air.
  • the drying air should be swirled with the aid of fans or the like, because the aim is to distribute the air evenly and to uniformly wash the dry surface.
  • Each drying chamber has exhaust air openings for the moisture-enriched and / or cooled air.
  • a tunnel dryer which can have a length of 40 to 60 m in each ventilation passage, works according to the countercurrent principle; the warm air flows from the overpressure zone towards the underpressure zone and exhausters, while the wagons loaded with the dry goods are driven in the opposite direction, from the wet side to the dry side.
  • Chamber and tunnel dryers are generally built very high; in brick factories, stack heights of 4 m to 6 m are normal. Be in all dryers consumed significant amounts of energy. Problems arise in such systems especially in the initial drying, because then the amount of air flowing into the drying room, e.g. B. starting with 10% of the final quantity, must be throttled. Because of this low air flow, it is difficult to fill the entire dryer volume homogeneously with the hot air fed in, so that - even when using air swirling devices - uneven drying is the result. Because of the low inflow speed when throttling, short circuits between inlets and outlets of one and the same drying chamber are also formed.
  • the invention is based on the object, compared to the prior art significantly reduced energy consumption, a homogeneous distribution of the inflowing warm air even with throttled amount of air for gentle initial drying - i.e. essentially independent of the amount of air blown into the respective drying chamber per unit of time Air - to achieve, the short circuits of the air flow mentioned should be excluded and an automatic integration of all hot and fresh air sources available for the respective dryer is aimed at in the air duct system.
  • the solution according to the invention is characterized for the initially mentioned air duct system with fan and on the pressure side of the main pressure line adjoining it by an annular air circuit containing the main pressure line and a main suction line leading back to the suction side of the fan, with a fan designed for constant air speed in the main pressure line and with at least one external air connection on the main suction line.
  • the fan means for heating the conveyed air for. B. a burner and / or hot air connections, upstream or downstream, so that in the main pressure line a constant temperature of an appropriate level of treatment is to be adjusted.
  • each of the inlets of the drying rooms is designed as a branch of an annular air system leading from the pressure side to the suction side of the fan.
  • the fan can always be sufficient at all times, completely independent of the actual dryer operation and without any noticeable braking of the sum of the target outputs. Air energy is provided or kept ready without having to be removed.
  • drying in the respective drying system is to be achieved at all, part of the total air conveyed by the fan must always be blown out of the circuit.
  • This air is preferably supplemented automatically via one or more fresh or warm air connections of the main suction line. It can then happen that at the moment more air enters the air circuit than is removed from the drying rooms. Since existing hot or warm air connections are to be effective at all times during drying, the external air offered there must be brought into the circuit and sucked in by the appropriately oversized fan.
  • a double-sided safety valve e.g. B. a pendulum flap. In normal operation, however, the valve only serves as an inlet for the continuous intake of fresh air into the ring air circuit.
  • a fan is preferably provided with a fan power that substantially exceeds the average air requirement of the sum of all drying rooms, such that: a predetermined maximum air pressure is to be set practically constantly at the inputs of all air inlet ducts or stubs during operation.
  • a short-circuit line designed for the maximum fan output
  • a pressure-dependent control flap that regulates the air speed in the main pressure line
  • All consumers i.e. drying rooms, are then free to draw in air or let it flow unused, as required - without prior notice and without disturbing reaction or adjustment of the fan.
  • the fan In the case of a chamber dryer with only a single chamber, the fan must of course be designed for its maximum air requirement.
  • the temperature of the ring air can be set to a predetermined value for ventilation, heating or cooling, regardless of the air speed, for example with the aid of a temperature-controlled burner.
  • At least one switchable branch duct with air outlet extends from the main pressure line into the drying chamber (usually in the dryer ceiling) and ends there. After work, the air leaves the drying room through separate outlet openings, the amount of air in question is therefore lost to the ring air circuit and must be replaced from one of the external air connections. As a result, nothing is changed in the ring air principle according to the invention, ie also in the provision of a constant pressure at the air inlet of each drying room.
  • a short-circuit line between the main pressure and suction line which is designed for the maximum fan output, is generally required for the ring air circuit, so that the circuit remains operational even when all branch channels are switched off.
  • an air pressure-dependent control flap (control valve) is preferably provided in the short-circuit line.
  • At least one switchable branch ring line extends from the main pressure line across the respective drying room to the main suction line.
  • the air blown into the respective drying room - as in the case of the branch channels according to the first alternative - is generally lost for the ring air circuit; the amount of air in question must therefore be replaced from an external air connection.
  • the branch ring lines per se form a direct connection between the main pressure line and suction line, the short-circuit line is in itself not necessary in this case for the existence of the again undisturbed ring air circuit.
  • the branch ring line is designed as an air feed duct extending through the drying room with at least one air inlet directed into the drying room and has a switchable shut-off flap behind the last air inlet in the air flow direction.
  • the air inlet ducts or distribution ducts assigned to the drying room are themselves - as it were, dual functions - equivalent parts of the ring air circuit.
  • the branch ring line is assigned a branch duct with at least one air inlet directed into the drying chamber and that the entrances of the branch ring line and branch duct facing the main pressure line alternately with the aid of a throttle or shut-off valve which can be pivoted back and forth between the entrances can be opened or closed.
  • the branch ring line is essentially independent of the assigned drying room, but it has a branch channel which should extend over the room and should have one or more air inlets.
  • the air conveyed by the fan can optionally be in the Blow off the circuit via the branch ring line immediately back to the fan suction side or - after switching the throttle or shut-off flap - into the associated drying room.
  • the shutters or throttle valves can be controlled and actuated continuously, progressively or in pulses.
  • the air can not only be expelled from the ring air system continuously or progressively, but preferably also in pulses.
  • Such air pulses are preferably blown into the drying room with the air pressure that corresponds to an unthrottled air flow. These air blasts penetrate the drying room with full force and contribute to a homogeneous treatment of all the products in it.
  • a preferred method for operating the ring air duct system is that the air speed in the main pressure line is kept constant regardless of the air consumption and that the air temperature of the main pressure line is constantly controlled to an amount appropriate to the respective treatment stage.
  • Such a system constantly provides air of a predetermined pressure and a predetermined temperature at each point of consumption, without the air not being lost being lost.
  • each drying room is acted upon by air pulses and that the amount of air blown into the respective drying room is controlled by the choice of the number of pulses per unit of time.
  • the amount of air blown in during heating represents the amount of energy transferred.
  • the number of pulses per unit of time also includes the duration of the pauses between two pulses.
  • the impulse ventilation has an additional surprising effect: the rest periods that follow between the intermittent heating facilitate the gradual diffusion of the moisture in the material to be dried, so that there is no risk of external overdrying. This initially results in an improvement in the quality of the treated product.
  • the impulses controlled by impulses which on the one hand are extremely gentle on the drying surface of the goods to be dried due to their rhythm and on the other hand due to their homogeneous distribution in the drying room, allow instead of the previously usual limitation to 120 ° to 200 ° C - one more massive for drying damp Products unusually high temperature of the ring air of the order of 250 to 400 ° C depending on the type of product to be dried. Since drying takes place much more economically with increasing temperature (see the Mollier diagram), the user - as long as waste heat is not sufficient for drying anyway, i.e. as long as fresh air has to be sucked in and heated up - with that in relation to the material to be dried permissible or highest possible air temperature.
  • An increased supply air temperature also means an increased exhaust air temperature after saturation: The sudden increase in the heat content of the so-called wet air is fully effective in a downstream heat exchanger and makes a significant contribution to saving energy.
  • the time for warming up the drying room contents can be reduced so considerably by the temperature and the type of blowing in that through the invention, the investment and energy costs can be reduced.
  • the ring air duct system according to the invention is - particularly in the case of a chamber dryer having only one chamber - also suitable for carrying out the cooling of the drying room and dry material in a final drying phase.
  • the heating source of the air circuit only needs to be switched off or shut off in such a way that the fan suction side can suck in cool ambient air into the air circuit via a fresh air connection.
  • the drawing shows a top view of a ring air duct system comprising different variations.
  • This consists of a ring air circuit, generally designated 1, to which a main pressure line 4 adjoining the pressure side 2 of a fan 3 and a main suction line 6 leading back to the suction side 5 of the fan 3 belong.
  • the fan 3 is designed for a constant air speed in the main pressure line 4.
  • the air velocity v should be kept constant regardless of the amount of air to be conveyed into the respective drying room.
  • the main suction line 6 should have at least one external air connection 7, which is preferably equipped with a pendulum flap 8 designed as a double-acting valve.
  • connection 9 in addition to connection 7
  • the external air connection 7 which is most distant from the suction side 5 can be equipped with the pendulum flap and serve to suck in ambient air, while the other, closer to the suction side 5 arranged external air connection 9 for sucking in warmer air, for. B. from a heat exchanger or from another heat supplier.
  • 3 burners 10 can be provided in the ring air circuit before or after the fan for heating the ring air flow.
  • the drying rooms are located between the main pressure line 4 and the main suction line 6. In the case of a chamber dryer, these are formed by the chambers 12 indicated in the transverse direction 11 extending rectangles. The transverse direction 11 is also the longitudinal direction of each chamber 12. The main pressure line 4 and the main suction line 6 therefore run transversely to the chamber longitudinal direction.
  • the drying room or tunnel 13 can be thought of as being represented by the rectangle drawn in dashed lines and filling the entire interior of the ring air circuit 1.
  • the longitudinal tunnel direction 14 thus runs parallel to the longitudinal direction of the main pressure line 4 and main suction line 6.
  • the tunnel dryer has a single drying room or tunnel 13 in which various ventilation passages 15 are provided.
  • the product to be dried is moved into the tunnel 13 on the side opposite the fan 3, the wet side 16, and out of the tunnel 13 on the drying side 17 adjacent to the fan 3.
  • the tunnel itself has various drying sections, the barrier-free boundaries of which are indicated, for example, by the boundary lines 18 running transversely to the ventilation passages 15.
  • the ring air circuit 1 is closed in various ways.
  • the ring air circuit 1 between the main pressure and suction line 4 or 6 can be completed by a short-circuit line 19 designed for the maximum fan output.
  • the short-circuit line 19 should contain a control flap 20 which is controlled in a pressure-dependent manner and which regulates the air speed v in the main pressure line 4.
  • the control flap 20 is opened or closed to a greater or lesser extent.
  • At least one switchable branch duct 21 with air inlets 22 extends from the main pressure line 4 into a drying chamber 12 or 13. progressive or intermittent loading of the connected drying room 12, 13 enables. If the branch duct 21 is completely closed by the shut-off flap 23 (on all drying rooms), the short-circuit line 19 with the throttle flap 20 open must be present in the main pressure duct 4 in order to maintain a constant air speed v. The air blown into the associated drying chamber 12, 13 via the branch duct 21 leaves the drying chamber via outlet openings 24.
  • the air emerging from the outlet openings 24 is used in a conventional manner and / or blown off via the roof. In any case, it is lost to the ring air circuit 1. It must and will therefore be replaced via one of the external connections 7, 9.
  • the suction in the area of the main suction line 6 is pressure-dependent. Since there is a lower pressure in the vicinity of the fan 3 than further away from the fan 3, the external connections which are close to the fan and supply the air with the highest temperature are always suctioned off automatically.
  • the air in the ring air circuit 1 is moved around the drying rooms without loss in the ring system, but external air is sucked in automatically, e.g. B. from the hottest ports 9, instead. Since there is then no air discharge into the drying rooms, the air pressure in the ring system would increase.
  • the swing flap 8 provided in the external air connection 7 which is furthest away from the fan is designed in such a way that air can escape from the ring system through the external air connection to the extent that too much air has been sucked in via the external air connection 9 .
  • At least one switchable branch ring line 25 extends from the main pressure line 4 via a drying chamber 12, 13 to the main suction line 6.
  • the branch ring line 25 is designed as an air feed duct extending over the drying chamber 12, 13 with at least one air inlet 22 directed into the drying chamber.
  • the shut-off flap 23 is located behind the last air inlet 22 in the air flow direction 26.
  • branch ring line 25 is assigned a branch channel 21 with at least one air inlet 22 directed into the drying chamber 12, 13 and the inlets 27 facing the main pressure line 4
  • Branch ring line 25 and branch duct 21 are equipped with a locking flap 23 which is alternately designed to close or open the branch ring line 25 or branch duct 21.
  • the invention encompasses both the case of a chamber dryer with several and the case of a chamber dryer with only one chamber 12.
  • only one of the chambers 12 shown may be regarded as existing.
  • the short-circuit line 19 will generally be indispensable.
  • the fan 3, which in the case of a tunnel 13 or in the case of a chamber dryer with a plurality of Chambers 12 should only be 30 to 50% larger than the sum of the average air output of the chambers, of course, in the case of a chamber, it must be designed for the maximum air requirement of the chamber.
  • An air pressure probe 28 and an air velocity probe 29 are arranged in the main pressure line 4 for controlling and regulating the fan 3, burner 10 and throttle valve 20.
  • the locking flap 23 is equipped with a rotary actuator for pulse operation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
EP89110266A 1988-07-05 1989-06-07 Système de conduit d'air Expired - Lifetime EP0353420B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89110266T ATE76499T1 (de) 1988-07-05 1989-06-07 Luftkanalsystem.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3822703 1988-07-05
DE19883822704 DE3822704A1 (de) 1988-07-05 1988-07-05 Tunneltrockner
DE19883822703 DE3822703C1 (en) 1988-07-05 1988-07-05 Air-duct system
DE3822704 1988-07-05

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0353420A2 true EP0353420A2 (fr) 1990-02-07
EP0353420A3 EP0353420A3 (en) 1990-12-12
EP0353420B1 EP0353420B1 (fr) 1992-05-20

Family

ID=25869762

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89110266A Expired - Lifetime EP0353420B1 (fr) 1988-07-05 1989-06-07 Système de conduit d'air

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0353420B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE58901466D1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE341179C (de) * 1919-09-11 1921-09-27 Kurd Von Haken Verfahren zum Trocknen von Torf
GB686816A (en) * 1950-06-23 1953-01-28 Robert Aebi And Cie A G Drying plant for tiles and bricks
DE2524102A1 (de) * 1975-05-30 1976-12-16 Leisenberg Manfred Ind Kg Kammertrockner
DE3012458A1 (de) * 1980-03-31 1981-10-08 Metzger & Becker Gmbh, 7200 Tuttlingen Durchlauf-umluftofen

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE341179C (de) * 1919-09-11 1921-09-27 Kurd Von Haken Verfahren zum Trocknen von Torf
GB686816A (en) * 1950-06-23 1953-01-28 Robert Aebi And Cie A G Drying plant for tiles and bricks
DE2524102A1 (de) * 1975-05-30 1976-12-16 Leisenberg Manfred Ind Kg Kammertrockner
DE3012458A1 (de) * 1980-03-31 1981-10-08 Metzger & Becker Gmbh, 7200 Tuttlingen Durchlauf-umluftofen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0353420A3 (en) 1990-12-12
DE58901466D1 (de) 1992-06-25
EP0353420B1 (fr) 1992-05-20

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