EP0352582B1 - Dispositif de support pour l'enduction d'un matériau en bande en mouvement, et procédé d'enduction - Google Patents

Dispositif de support pour l'enduction d'un matériau en bande en mouvement, et procédé d'enduction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0352582B1
EP0352582B1 EP89113032A EP89113032A EP0352582B1 EP 0352582 B1 EP0352582 B1 EP 0352582B1 EP 89113032 A EP89113032 A EP 89113032A EP 89113032 A EP89113032 A EP 89113032A EP 0352582 B1 EP0352582 B1 EP 0352582B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
roll
coating
unit
web
peripheral grooves
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89113032A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0352582A2 (fr
EP0352582A3 (fr
EP0352582B2 (fr
Inventor
Hans-Peter Dr. Sollinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JM Voith GmbH
Original Assignee
JM Voith GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6359608&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0352582(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by JM Voith GmbH filed Critical JM Voith GmbH
Priority to AT89113032T priority Critical patent/ATE87677T1/de
Publication of EP0352582A2 publication Critical patent/EP0352582A2/fr
Publication of EP0352582A3 publication Critical patent/EP0352582A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0352582B1 publication Critical patent/EP0352582B1/fr
Publication of EP0352582B2 publication Critical patent/EP0352582B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C1/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating
    • B05C1/04—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length
    • B05C1/08—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a roller or other rotating member which contacts the work along a generating line
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C1/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating
    • B05C1/04—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length
    • B05C1/08—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a roller or other rotating member which contacts the work along a generating line
    • B05C1/0826—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a roller or other rotating member which contacts the work along a generating line the work being a web or sheets
    • B05C1/083—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a roller or other rotating member which contacts the work along a generating line the work being a web or sheets being passed between the coating roller and one or more backing rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C9/00—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important
    • B05C9/06—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important for applying two different liquids or other fluent materials, or the same liquid or other fluent material twice, to the same side of the work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/28—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by transfer from the surfaces of elements carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. brushes, pads, rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/40—Distributing applied liquids or other fluent materials by members moving relatively to surface
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/52—Addition to the formed paper by contacting paper with a device carrying the material
    • D21H23/56—Rolls
    • D21H23/58—Details thereof, e.g. surface characteristics, peripheral speed
    • D21H23/60—Details thereof, e.g. surface characteristics, peripheral speed the material on the applicator roll being subjected to a particular treatment before applying to the paper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/70—Multistep processes; Apparatus for adding one or several substances in portions or in various ways to the paper, not covered by another single group of this main group

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an application device according to the preamble of claim 1 and corresponding method.
  • the method for coating running material webs with the two successive coating processes, the layer applied first being still moist when the second layer is applied, is known from US Pat. No. 3,202,536.
  • the two coating stations are arranged here on a single roller guiding the web as well as on two successive rollers.
  • One of the latter corresponding devices is also known from CA 882 640.
  • the latter differs from the other in that the application takes place in the first coating station by means of an application roller.
  • This first applied layer is then evened out by means of a doctor blade, the excess being scraped off. In the other device, scraping by means of a doctor blade also takes place in the first coating station.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a reliable wet-on-wet coating method with the best coating quality and economical material consumption.
  • a new coating device is created according to the characterizing part of patent claim 1.
  • the coating is first applied to the web to a small extent, with the first nip of coating being uniformly pressed in by the press nip between the first web guide roller and the press roller.
  • the web is quasi-impregnated, and it is easily possible to apply the cover layer evenly with the second coating device.
  • Due to the press nip there is no great stress, in particular tensile or crushing stress on the material web.
  • the scraper blade which tends to compress the web or even cause web breaks, is easily avoided at the stage where web contacts can occur.
  • the first web guide roller that is, the first coating device with 1, the associated press roller with 2 and the web guide roller of the second coating device with 3.
  • the path is indicated by W.
  • the first coating device has an application chamber 4 for the coating material, into which it is introduced through the feed pipe 5.
  • the application chamber is designed as a nozzle chamber with an overflow so that excess coating compound can overflow into the collecting trough 7, which is attached to the application chamber 4.
  • the application chamber 4 is held by a support beam 6.
  • a doctor blade 8 At the end of the application chamber 4 on the exit side in the direction of rotation of the web guide roller 1 there is the metering element, a doctor blade 8, which preferably has a surface provided with circumferential grooves.
  • Such an application chamber 13 with feed pipe 14 is also provided as the second coating device.
  • a doctor blade 12 is provided here on the outlet side with respect to the application chamber 13, which smoothes the second application layer.
  • the relatively precisely metered amount of coating compound is pressed into the web, preferably a paper or cardboard web, and impregnated therewith.
  • the web W is then fed to the second coating device without further drying. It can be passed over an spreader roller 18 to avoid wrinkles.
  • the doctor blade 12 is of course pressed in a known manner by the pressing means so that it lies evenly on the web guide roller 3 or the monitor web and smoothes the coating very evenly.
  • the orders with order chamber are known e.g. from US 4,250,211 and application squeegee with sump and roller squeegee including holder from US 2,970,564.
  • a squeegee provided with wire wrapping forming the circumferential grooves is e.g. known from US 3,387,585.
  • a variant is shown in broken lines in FIG. 1, in which the web guide rollers 1 and 3 are arranged directly next to one another. In the gap that is formed between the two rollers, the web runs relatively smoothly, at least without major contact forces.
  • a pressure in the nip between roller 1 and 3 is not possible, since web elongation and transverse expansion between the nip of roller 1 and 3 and the blade 12 cannot be compensated for.
  • the basic principle of the application device according to the invention is only the first coating to such an extent that essentially only the paper is impregnated. Therefore, the amount of the coating slip applied in the first application device depends on the absorbency of the paper, which among other things is essentially a function of the basis weight of the paper. For example, basis weights of more than 80 g / m 2 are used for wood-free paper types. In the case of these papers, which are also equipped with greater absorbency because of their greater porosity, the basis weight applied in the first coating device is a maximum of about 7 g / m 2 , so that a total of 15 g / m 2 of coating is applied in both coating devices.
  • the corresponding groove size is a maximum of about 0.012 mm 2 in cross section . This essentially applies to those doctor blades which are provided with wire wrapping. These squeegees do not have a very long service life.
  • the cross section of the grooves of a roller doctor rod provided with wire wrapping is a maximum of approximately 0.006 mm 2 in order to apply an application layer of 3 g / m 2 by means of the first coating device.
  • the total order is then about 10 g / m2.

Landscapes

  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)

Claims (5)

1. Procédé de couchage de bandes de matière défilantes, notamment en papier ou en carton, deux couches étant déposées l'une sur l'autre successivement alors que la première couche est encore humide et au moins un rouleau rotatif de guidage de la bande avec un dispositif de couchage associé à celui-ci respectivement étant prévu à la fois pour la première opération de couchage et pour la seconde, le second dispositif de couchage comportant une lame lissante, caractérisé en ce que la sauce de couchage pour la première couche est d'abord appliquée par le premier dispositif de couchage sur la table du premier rouleau et en ce qu'ensuite la quantité de couche appliquée est pressée dans celle-ci au moyen d'un rouleau presseur (2) formant une fente de pression avec le premier rouleau (1), pour obtenir une imprégnation de la bande de papier ou de carton, le grammage de cette première couche étant de 7 g/m2 maximum et la quantité de sauce déposée étant calculée de sorte à correspondre à la capacité maximale d'absorption du papier.
2. Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé, deux couches étant déposées l'une sur l'autre immédiatement l'une après l'autre alors que la première couche est encore humide et au moins un rouleau rotatif (1, 3) de guidage de la bande de matière et un dispositif de couchage (4-8; 12-16) associé à celui-ci respectivement étant prévu tant pour la première que pour la seconde opération de couchage, caractérisé en ce que le premier dispositif de couchage comporte une fente de pression formée par le premier (1) rouleau et un autre rouleau (2), en ce qu'une tête de couchage (4), de préférence une tête de couchage à buse, est associée au premier rouleau (1), avec un racle rotatif (8) pourvu de rainures circonférentielles et disposé comme élément doseur à l'extrémité de sortie de la tête de couchage à buse (4), et en ce que les rainures circonférentielles vues en coupe axiale à travers le racle (8) présentent une section transversale maximale de 0,012 mm2 par rainure, la chambre de la tête de couchage contenant la sauce de couchage étant limitée sur le rouleau (1) par le racle rotatif (8) ou son support (11).
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les rainures circonférentielles présentent chacune une section transversale maximale de 0,012 mm2 pour les papiers d'un grammage supérieur à 80 g/mm2 et de 0,006 mm2 maximum pour les papiers d'un grammage maximum de 80 g/m2.
4. Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé, caractérisé en ce que le premier dispositif de couchage comporte une fente de pression constituée par le premier (1) et par le second rouleau (2), en ce qu'une tête de couchage à buse (4) est associée au premier rouleau (1), avec un racle rotatif (8), pourvu de rainures circonférentielles et disposé comme élément doseur à l'extrémité de sortie de la tête de couchage (4), et que les rainures circonférentielles, vues en coupe axiale à travers le racle (8) présentent une section transversale totale de 34 mm2 maximum par mètre de laize du racle rotatif (8).
5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le racle rotatif est pourvu de rainures circonférentielles (20), et que les nervures (21) entre celles-ci, vues essentiellement dans le sens de l'axe médian du crayon rotatif (8), présentent une surface parallèle à celui-ci, la largeur de ces surfaces vues dans le sens de cet axe médian étant au maximum égale à la largeur maximale de la section transversale des rainures circonférentielles (20).
EP89113032A 1988-07-27 1989-07-15 Procédé de couchage de bandes défilantes en papier ou en carton Expired - Lifetime EP0352582B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89113032T ATE87677T1 (de) 1988-07-27 1989-07-15 Auftragseinrichtung zur beschichtung laufender warenbahnen sowie verfahren zur beschichtung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3825412 1988-07-27
DE3825412 1988-07-27

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0352582A2 EP0352582A2 (fr) 1990-01-31
EP0352582A3 EP0352582A3 (fr) 1991-06-12
EP0352582B1 true EP0352582B1 (fr) 1993-03-31
EP0352582B2 EP0352582B2 (fr) 1999-02-24

Family

ID=6359608

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890110962 Withdrawn EP0352465A3 (fr) 1988-07-27 1989-06-16 Dispositif de support pour l'enduction d'un matériau en bande en mouvement, et procédé d'enduction
EP89113032A Expired - Lifetime EP0352582B2 (fr) 1988-07-27 1989-07-15 Procédé de couchage de bandes défilantes en papier ou en carton

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890110962 Withdrawn EP0352465A3 (fr) 1988-07-27 1989-06-16 Dispositif de support pour l'enduction d'un matériau en bande en mouvement, et procédé d'enduction

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (3) US4980207A (fr)
EP (2) EP0352465A3 (fr)
JP (1) JP2524641B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE87677T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1336374C (fr)
DE (2) DE3922535C3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2039766T3 (fr)
FI (1) FI94274C (fr)
NO (1) NO176008C (fr)

Families Citing this family (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0352465A3 (fr) * 1988-07-27 1990-10-10 J.M. Voith GmbH Dispositif de support pour l'enduction d'un matériau en bande en mouvement, et procédé d'enduction
DE4002256A1 (de) * 1990-01-26 1991-08-01 Voith Gmbh J M Beschichtungsverfahren und auftragseinrichtung zur beschichtung laufender warenbahnen aus papier oder karton
US5340611A (en) * 1989-07-25 1994-08-23 J. M. Voith Gmbh Process for coating travelling webs
DE4014647C2 (de) * 1990-05-08 1995-03-30 Voith Gmbh J M Einrichtung zum Auftragen einer Beschichtung auf eine laufende Warenbahn
FI86318C (fi) * 1990-06-26 1992-08-10 Keskuslaboratorio Foerfarande och anordning foer att reglera bladbestrykning.
DE4120141C2 (de) * 1991-06-19 1995-06-08 Voith Gmbh J M Streichklinge
DE4211401A1 (de) * 1992-04-04 1993-10-07 Voith Gmbh J M Beschichtungseinrichtung für Bahnen aus Papier oder Karton
FI93665C (fi) * 1992-11-13 1995-05-10 Valmet Paper Machinery Inc Menetelmä ja laitteisto paperirainan päällystämiseksi
AU6430494A (en) * 1993-04-06 1994-10-24 Veitsiluoto Oy A method of coating paper and an apparatus therefor
DE4340039C2 (de) * 1993-11-24 1997-08-21 Voith Gmbh J M Beschichtungseinrichtung für laufende Bahnen aus Papier oder Karton
DE4414949A1 (de) * 1994-04-28 1995-11-02 Voith Gmbh J M Vorrichtung zum Auftragen von mindestens einem flüssigen Medium auf eine laufende Materialbahn
FI95947C (fi) * 1994-06-29 1996-04-10 Valmet Paper Machinery Inc Menetelmä ja sovitelma liikkuvan paperiradan päällystämiseksi
FI109216B (fi) 1996-03-06 2002-06-14 Metso Paper Inc Menetelmä ja sovitelma liikkuvan radan päällystämiseksi
DE19623622A1 (de) * 1996-06-13 1997-12-18 Voith Sulzer Papiermasch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beschichtung einer laufenden Materialbahn
DE29610395U1 (de) * 1996-06-13 1996-08-22 Voith Sulzer Papiermaschinen GmbH, 89522 Heidenheim Vorrichtung zum aufeinanderfolgenden Auftragen von zwei Schichten von flüssigen oder pastösen Medien auf eine Seite einer laufenden Materialbahn
US5776546A (en) * 1996-06-26 1998-07-07 Miply Equipment, Inc. Method and apparatus for impregnating a porous substrate with a solids-bearing saturant
DE19704858B4 (de) * 1997-02-10 2005-07-21 Voith Paper Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen beidseitig gestrichener Papierbahnen
US5843529A (en) * 1997-02-13 1998-12-01 Beloit Technologies, Inc. Pre-metering rod
FI102200B (fi) * 1997-02-24 1998-10-30 Valmet Corp Menetelmä kartongin tai paperin käsittelemiseksi, menetelmän toteuttam iseen tarkoitettu sovitelma sekä menetelmällä valmistettu tuote
DE19722117C2 (de) * 1997-05-27 2000-09-07 Bematec S A Beschichtung poröser Träger
DE19958109A1 (de) * 1999-12-02 2001-06-07 Voith Paper Patent Gmbh Vorrichtung zum indirekten Auftragen eines flüssigen oder pastösen Auftragsmediums auf eine laufende Materialbahn, insbesondere aus Papier oder Karton
JP4271501B2 (ja) 2003-06-06 2009-06-03 愛三工業株式会社 燃料ポンプ
US9304415B2 (en) * 2013-04-26 2016-04-05 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Coating liquid dispensers
TWI740640B (zh) * 2020-09-11 2021-09-21 全利機械股份有限公司 纖維製品的液體塗佈機台

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JPS5898166A (ja) * 1981-12-07 1983-06-10 Nisshin Steel Co Ltd 金属帯への表面処理水溶液の塗布方法
CH663362A5 (de) * 1984-01-07 1987-12-15 Jagenberg Ag Vorrichtung zum beschichten von ueber eine stuetzwalze laufenden materialbahnen mit regelbarer auftragsstaerke.
GB8402190D0 (en) * 1984-01-27 1984-02-29 Wiggins Teape Group Ltd Coating paper
DE3417487A1 (de) * 1984-05-11 1985-11-21 J.M. Voith Gmbh, 7920 Heidenheim Vorrichtung zum auftragen einer fluessigkeit auf eine laufende bahn
JPS62106672U (fr) * 1985-12-24 1987-07-08
DE3713278A1 (de) * 1986-04-30 1987-11-05 Will E C H Gmbh & Co Verfahren und vorrichtung zum auftragen einer fliessfaehigen masse auf eine bahn
DE3633833C1 (de) * 1986-10-04 1993-05-06 Vits Maschinenbau Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Auftragen einer fluessigen oder pastoesen Substanz auf eine Materialbahn
AT396437B (de) * 1986-10-25 1993-09-27 Voith Gmbh J M Vordosiereinrichtung in einer streichanlage
DE3725893C1 (en) * 1987-08-05 1988-12-15 Voith Gmbh J M Process and device for coating and for smoothing the coating
EP0352465A3 (fr) * 1988-07-27 1990-10-10 J.M. Voith GmbH Dispositif de support pour l'enduction d'un matériau en bande en mouvement, et procédé d'enduction

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO176008B (no) 1994-10-10
JPH0283063A (ja) 1990-03-23
DE58903929D1 (de) 1993-05-06
FI94274B (fi) 1995-04-28
ES2039766T3 (es) 1993-10-01
CA1336374C (fr) 1995-07-25
EP0352582A2 (fr) 1990-01-31
NO893045L (no) 1990-01-29
NO893045D0 (no) 1989-07-26
FI893468A0 (fi) 1989-07-18
FI94274C (fi) 1995-08-10
EP0352465A3 (fr) 1990-10-10
JP2524641B2 (ja) 1996-08-14
FI893468A (fi) 1990-01-28
US4980207A (en) 1990-12-25
EP0352465A2 (fr) 1990-01-31
DE3922535C2 (de) 1994-07-14
DE3922535C3 (de) 1999-03-18
ATE87677T1 (de) 1993-04-15
DE3922535A1 (de) 1990-02-01
US5101760A (en) 1992-04-07
EP0352582A3 (fr) 1991-06-12
EP0352582B2 (fr) 1999-02-24
US5171612A (en) 1992-12-15
NO176008C (no) 1995-01-18

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