EP0352488B1 - Chaudière à vapeur à passage unique - Google Patents

Chaudière à vapeur à passage unique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0352488B1
EP0352488B1 EP89111630A EP89111630A EP0352488B1 EP 0352488 B1 EP0352488 B1 EP 0352488B1 EP 89111630 A EP89111630 A EP 89111630A EP 89111630 A EP89111630 A EP 89111630A EP 0352488 B1 EP0352488 B1 EP 0352488B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pipe
pipes
pipe group
group
steam generator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89111630A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0352488A1 (fr
Inventor
Eberhard Wittchow
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=8199138&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0352488(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to JP19121489A priority Critical patent/JPH0271002A/ja
Priority to DK365789A priority patent/DK365789A/da
Publication of EP0352488A1 publication Critical patent/EP0352488A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0352488B1 publication Critical patent/EP0352488B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/14—Supply mains, e.g. rising mains, down-comers, in connection with water tubes
    • F22B37/146—Tube arrangements for ash hoppers and grates and for combustion chambers of the cyclone or similar type out of the flues
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
    • F22B29/061—Construction of tube walls
    • F22B29/062—Construction of tube walls involving vertically-disposed water tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/12—Forms of water tubes, e.g. of varying cross-section
    • F22B37/125—Bifurcates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a once-through steam generator.
  • a known continuous steam generator is described in US Pat. No. 3,498,270.
  • the second inlet header of this once-through steam generator is also an inlet header for pipes of the bottom of the vertical guest train, i.e. these pipes of the floor are connected with their inlet ends to the second inlet collector, and one of the pipes of the floor, which are connected to the second inlet collector, merges into each pipe of the second pipe group of the pipe wall.
  • a continuous steam generator according to the invention has the features of claim 1.
  • the wet steam formed in the pipes of the floor separates when it passes into the pipes of the first pipe group. That is why all pipes of the first tube group wet steam with uniform temperature, so that no thermal stresses occur even at steam pressure below the critical pressure.
  • the wet steam coming from the first pipe group into the second pipe group is not passed through pipes in the bottom of the gas train. This avoids that the wet steam in these tubes of the floor can absorb different amounts of heat because tube parts of different lengths of the individual tubes of the floor are not exposed to any heat radiation and are therefore practically unheated.
  • the wet steam absorbs heat relatively uniformly, so that thermal stresses at the outlet ends of the vertically arranged tubes of the second tube group of the tube wall of the continuous-flow steam generator are avoided even at steam pressure below the critical pressure.
  • a further development according to claim 2 prevents segregation of the wet steam emerging from the first pipe group on its way to the second pipe group at steam pressure below the critical pressure, so that wet steam with approximately the same steam content also occurs in all pipes of the second pipe group. This also leads to an equalization of the temperature of the tubes of the second tube group at their outlet ends and thus to avoid thermal stresses in the tube wall.
  • the heat absorption of the tubes of the second tube group can be predetermined in an advantageous manner by a further development according to patent claims 4 to 7. This also enables a further equalization of the temperature of the tubes of the second tube group at their outlet ends.
  • the development according to claim 8 also causes a more uniform temperature profile in the tube wall at the outlet ends of the tubes to avoid thermal stresses.
  • FIGS. 3 to 5 show modified sections from the development of the vertical throttle cable according to FIG. 1.
  • the vertical throttle cable according to FIG. 1 has a rectangular cross section and has a tube wall 2 and a base 3 in the form of a funnel. All pipes 4 and 5 of the pipe wall 2 are arranged vertically and welded to one another in a gas-tight manner on their longitudinal sides.
  • the bottom 3 is formed by tubes 6, which are also welded to one another in a gas-tight manner on their longitudinal sides. These tubes 6 are straight, but they can also be helical.
  • tubes 4 and / or 5 of tube wall 2 are curved and run on the outside of the vertical throttle cable. Similar openings can also be formed for air nozzles, flue gas nozzles, soot blowers, observation hatches, etc.
  • the tubes 6 of the funnel-shaped base 3 are connected at their inlet ends to inlet manifolds 8.
  • the vertically arranged tubes 4 of the tube wall 2 form a first tube group.
  • Each tube 4 of this first tube group is connected in terms of flow at the inlet end to the outlet ends of two tubes 6 of the base 3.
  • the tubes 4 of the first tube group open into an outlet header 9 with their outlet ends. The outlet ends of the two tubes 6 thus merge into the inlet end of each tube 4.
  • Each tube 5 of a second tube group is located between two tubes 4 of the first tube group, on which it is attached Long sides is welded gas-tight.
  • each tube 4 of the first tube group is located between two tubes 5 of the second tube group, on which it is also welded gas-tight on its long sides.
  • all tubes 5 of the second tube group are connected with their inlet ends to a further inlet header 10 and with their outlet ends to a further outlet header 11.
  • the outlet header 9 of the pipes 4 of the first pipe group of the pipe wall 2 is connected by a pipe 12 the inlet header 10 of the tubes 5 of the second tube group connected in terms of flow without the interposition of tubes of the bottom 3.
  • the pipe 12 is located on the outside of the vertical throttle cable and contains a distributor 13. Four pipes 14 lead from this distributor 13 to the inlet header 10.
  • the wet steam is not heated on its way from the outlet header 9 to the inlet header 10 and therefore enters all tubes 5 of the second tube group with the same vapor content.
  • heat is supplied to it uniformly, so that in all tubes 5 there is uniformly only wet steam, saturated steam or superheated steam at their outlet ends and is fed into the outlet collector 11. Therefore, thermal stresses in the tube wall 2 at vapor pressure below the critical pressure are excluded even if the tubes 6 of the bottom 3 are of different lengths and absorb heat differently.
  • the tubes 5 form the second tube group in the tube wall 2 at a predetermined height H 1 an upper end by exiting there from the tube wall 2 to the outside of the vertical throttle cable.
  • each tube 4 of the first tube group flows into two vertically arranged, also belonging to the first tube group branch tubes 4 a and 4 b of the tube wall 2, which are connected with their outlet ends to the outlet header 9. This will only make one comparatively small amount of heat is transferred to the tubes 5 of the second tube group, and the temperature is further evened out at the outlet ends of the tubes 5, which open into the outlet header 11, in order to avoid thermal stresses.
  • the tubes 5 of the second tube group of the vertical throttle cable form a lower end at a predetermined height H 2 by entering the tube wall 2 from the outside of the vertical throttle cable.
  • a predetermined height H2 flow two pipes 4 of the first tube group in a vertically arranged single tube 4c of the tube wall 2, which also belongs to the first tube group and is located above the height H2.
  • each tube 4 of the first tube group is connected in terms of flow at the inlet end to the outlet ends of three tubes 6 of the base 3. Furthermore, two tubes 5 of the second tube group of the tube wall 2, which are welded to one another in a gas-tight manner on their long sides, are arranged between two tubes 4 of the first tube group and welded gas-tight with long sides on the long sides of these tubes 4.
  • the number of tubes 5 of the second tube group connected to the collectors 10 and 11 is thus twice as large as the number of tubes 4 of the first tube group connected to the tubes 6 and the outlet header 9. This also has an effect as with the configuration according to FIG. 3.
  • the outlet collector for the pipes of the second pipe group of the pipe wall can be connected in terms of flow through a pipe to other pipes of the pipe wall of the vertical gas flue, which do not belong to the first or second pipe group, or to inlet collectors of superheater heating surfaces of the continuous steam generator.
  • the tubes of the tube wall of the vertical throttle cable and the bottom can have helically guided inner fins, so that the water content of wet steam which flows through these tubes predominantly accumulates on the inside of the tubes. This results in a relatively low and uniform temperature of the pipes and also prevents thermal stresses in the pipe wall and in the floor.
  • Flue gas flowing out of the vertical gas flue can also be in the form of a flue gas circulation after cooling on heating surfaces of the once-through steam generator, e.g. can be returned to the vertical throttle cable with flue gas nozzles.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Générateur de vapeur à passage direct, comportant un tirage vertical de gaz sur lequel sont montés des brûleurs (7) de combustible fossile, qui a une paroi tubulaire (2) constituée de tubes verticaux, soudés les uns aux autres de manière étanche au gaz par leurs côtés longitudinaux et qui comporte, à une extrémité inférieure, un fond (3) en forme d'entonnoir et constitué de tubes (6) soudés les uns aux autres de manière étanche au gaz, lesquels sont reliés, de manière à assurer le passage par leur extrémité d'entrée à un premier collecteur d'entrée (8) et par leur extrémité de sortie aux tubes (4) d'un premier groupe de tubes de la paroi tubulaire (2) du tirage vertical de gaz, ce groupe étant muni d'un collecteur de sortie (9), l'extrémité de sortie d'au moins un tube (6) du fond (3) dépassant de l'extrémité d'entrée de chaque tube (4) du premier groupe de tubes de la paroi tubulaire (2), tandis que d'autres tubes (5) de la paroi tubulaire (2) du tirage vertical de gaz forment un second groupe de tubes avec un collecteur de sortie (11) et sont montés, de manière à assurer le passage, en aval des tubes (4) du premier groupe de tubes par un conduit entre le collecteur de sortie (9) du premier groupe de tubes et un second collecteur d'entrée (10), les tubes (5) du second groupe de tubes de la paroi tubulaire (2) étant raccordés de manière à assurer le passage par leur extrémité d'entrée au second collecteur d'entrée (10) et les tubes (5) appartenant à la paroi tubulaire (2) du second groupe de tubes étant disposés au-dessus du fond (3).
  2. Générateur de vapeur à passage direct suivant la revendication 1,
       caractérisé,
       en ce que le conduit (12) entre le collecteur de sortie (9) du premier groupe de tubes et le second collecteur d'entrée (10) comportent un répartiteur (13) duquel plusieurs tubes (14) partent vers le second collecteur d'entrée (10).
  3. Générateur de vapeur à passage direct suivant la revendication 1,
       caractérisé,
       en ce qu'à un tube (4) du premier groupe de tubes sont raccordés, de manière à assurer le passage, au moins deux tubes (6) du fond.
  4. Générateur de vapeur à passage direct suivant la revendication 1,
       caractérisé,
       en ce que la longueur des tubes (4) du premier groupe de tubes de la paroi tubulaire (2) du tirage vertical de gaz est différente de la longueur des tubes (5) du second groupe de tubes.
  5. Générateur de vapeur à passage direct suivant la revendication 4,
       caractérisé,
       en ce que des tubes (5) du second groupe de tubes du tirage vertical de gaz forment, à un niveau (H₁) prescrite de la paroi tubulaire (2), une extrémité supérieure et en ce qu'un tube (4) du premier groupe de tubes de la paroi tubulaire (2) se transforme au-dessus de ce niveau (H₁), de manière à assurer le passage, en au moins deux branches (4a ; 4b) disposées verticalement de la paroi tubulaire (2), qui se trouvent au-dessus du niveau (H₁).
  6. Générateur de vapeur à passage direct suivant la revendication 4,
       caractérisé,
       en ce que des tubes du second groupe de tubes du tirage vertical de gaz forment, à un niveau (H₂) prescrit de la paroi tubulaire (2), une extrémité inférieure et en ce qu'au moins deux tubes (4) du premier groupe de tubes de la paroi tubulaire (2) se transforment en-dessous de ce niveau (H₂) de manière à assurer le passage, en un tube unique (4c) vertical de la paroi tubulaire (2), qui se trouve au-dessus du niveau (H₂).
  7. Générateur de vapeur à passage direct suivant la revendication 1,
       caractérisé,
       en ce que le nombre des tubes (4) du premier groupe de tubes diffère du nombre des tubes (5) du second groupe de tubes.
  8. Générateur de vapeur à passage direct suivant la revendication 1,
       caractérisé,
       en ce qu'au moins un tube du premier groupe de tubes se trouve dans la paroi tubulaire entre deux tubes de l'autre groupe de tubes.
EP89111630A 1988-07-26 1989-06-26 Chaudière à vapeur à passage unique Expired - Lifetime EP0352488B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP19121489A JPH0271002A (ja) 1988-07-26 1989-07-24 貫流ボイラ
DK365789A DK365789A (da) 1988-07-26 1989-07-24 Gennemstroemningsdampgenerator

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP88112051 1988-07-26
EP88112051 1988-07-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0352488A1 EP0352488A1 (fr) 1990-01-31
EP0352488B1 true EP0352488B1 (fr) 1993-10-06

Family

ID=8199138

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89111630A Expired - Lifetime EP0352488B1 (fr) 1988-07-26 1989-06-26 Chaudière à vapeur à passage unique

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US4926799A (fr)
EP (1) EP0352488B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE58905817D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4227457A1 (de) * 1992-08-19 1994-02-24 Siemens Ag Dampferzeuger
US5390631A (en) * 1994-05-25 1995-02-21 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Use of single-lead and multi-lead ribbed tubing for sliding pressure once-through boilers
DE4431185A1 (de) * 1994-09-01 1996-03-07 Siemens Ag Durchlaufdampferzeuger
DE19651678A1 (de) 1996-12-12 1998-06-25 Siemens Ag Dampferzeuger
DE102010061186B4 (de) 2010-12-13 2014-07-03 Alstom Technology Ltd. Zwangdurchlaufdampferzeuger mit Wandheizfläche und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1167371A (fr) * 1956-03-02 1958-11-24 Babcock & Wilcox France Générateur de vapeur à rayonnement
GB879817A (en) * 1959-07-10 1961-10-11 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in vapour generators
GB1114442A (en) * 1964-05-27 1968-05-22 Foster Wheeler Corp Multiple pass arrangement for once-through steam generators
US3343523A (en) * 1965-10-22 1967-09-26 Foster Wheeler Corp Vapor generator
US3498270A (en) * 1968-05-01 1970-03-03 Foster Wheeler Corp All-welded furnace construction
US3872836A (en) * 1973-09-18 1975-03-25 Foster Wheeler Corp Coal-fired generator of medium to large capacity
US4294200A (en) * 1979-12-06 1981-10-13 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Variable pressure vapor generator utilizing crossover circuitry for the furnace boundary wall fluid flow tubes
EP0133453B1 (fr) * 1983-08-05 1988-07-27 GebràœDer Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft Echangeur de chaleur, en particulier générateur de vapeur
CN1016532B (zh) * 1985-09-23 1992-05-06 劳舍兄弟有限公司 燃烧矿物燃料的蒸汽发生器

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Publication number Publication date
US4926799A (en) 1990-05-22
DE58905817D1 (de) 1993-11-11
EP0352488A1 (fr) 1990-01-31

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