EP0352488B1 - Once-through steam generator - Google Patents

Once-through steam generator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0352488B1
EP0352488B1 EP89111630A EP89111630A EP0352488B1 EP 0352488 B1 EP0352488 B1 EP 0352488B1 EP 89111630 A EP89111630 A EP 89111630A EP 89111630 A EP89111630 A EP 89111630A EP 0352488 B1 EP0352488 B1 EP 0352488B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pipe
pipes
pipe group
group
steam generator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP89111630A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0352488A1 (en
Inventor
Eberhard Wittchow
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to JP19121489A priority Critical patent/JPH0271002A/en
Priority to DK365789A priority patent/DK365789A/en
Publication of EP0352488A1 publication Critical patent/EP0352488A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/14—Supply mains, e.g. rising mains, down-comers, in connection with water tubes
    • F22B37/146—Tube arrangements for ash hoppers and grates and for combustion chambers of the cyclone or similar type out of the flues
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
    • F22B29/061—Construction of tube walls
    • F22B29/062—Construction of tube walls involving vertically-disposed water tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/12—Forms of water tubes, e.g. of varying cross-section
    • F22B37/125—Bifurcates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a once-through steam generator.
  • a known continuous steam generator is described in US Pat. No. 3,498,270.
  • the second inlet header of this once-through steam generator is also an inlet header for pipes of the bottom of the vertical guest train, i.e. these pipes of the floor are connected with their inlet ends to the second inlet collector, and one of the pipes of the floor, which are connected to the second inlet collector, merges into each pipe of the second pipe group of the pipe wall.
  • a continuous steam generator according to the invention has the features of claim 1.
  • the wet steam formed in the pipes of the floor separates when it passes into the pipes of the first pipe group. That is why all pipes of the first tube group wet steam with uniform temperature, so that no thermal stresses occur even at steam pressure below the critical pressure.
  • the wet steam coming from the first pipe group into the second pipe group is not passed through pipes in the bottom of the gas train. This avoids that the wet steam in these tubes of the floor can absorb different amounts of heat because tube parts of different lengths of the individual tubes of the floor are not exposed to any heat radiation and are therefore practically unheated.
  • the wet steam absorbs heat relatively uniformly, so that thermal stresses at the outlet ends of the vertically arranged tubes of the second tube group of the tube wall of the continuous-flow steam generator are avoided even at steam pressure below the critical pressure.
  • a further development according to claim 2 prevents segregation of the wet steam emerging from the first pipe group on its way to the second pipe group at steam pressure below the critical pressure, so that wet steam with approximately the same steam content also occurs in all pipes of the second pipe group. This also leads to an equalization of the temperature of the tubes of the second tube group at their outlet ends and thus to avoid thermal stresses in the tube wall.
  • the heat absorption of the tubes of the second tube group can be predetermined in an advantageous manner by a further development according to patent claims 4 to 7. This also enables a further equalization of the temperature of the tubes of the second tube group at their outlet ends.
  • the development according to claim 8 also causes a more uniform temperature profile in the tube wall at the outlet ends of the tubes to avoid thermal stresses.
  • FIGS. 3 to 5 show modified sections from the development of the vertical throttle cable according to FIG. 1.
  • the vertical throttle cable according to FIG. 1 has a rectangular cross section and has a tube wall 2 and a base 3 in the form of a funnel. All pipes 4 and 5 of the pipe wall 2 are arranged vertically and welded to one another in a gas-tight manner on their longitudinal sides.
  • the bottom 3 is formed by tubes 6, which are also welded to one another in a gas-tight manner on their longitudinal sides. These tubes 6 are straight, but they can also be helical.
  • tubes 4 and / or 5 of tube wall 2 are curved and run on the outside of the vertical throttle cable. Similar openings can also be formed for air nozzles, flue gas nozzles, soot blowers, observation hatches, etc.
  • the tubes 6 of the funnel-shaped base 3 are connected at their inlet ends to inlet manifolds 8.
  • the vertically arranged tubes 4 of the tube wall 2 form a first tube group.
  • Each tube 4 of this first tube group is connected in terms of flow at the inlet end to the outlet ends of two tubes 6 of the base 3.
  • the tubes 4 of the first tube group open into an outlet header 9 with their outlet ends. The outlet ends of the two tubes 6 thus merge into the inlet end of each tube 4.
  • Each tube 5 of a second tube group is located between two tubes 4 of the first tube group, on which it is attached Long sides is welded gas-tight.
  • each tube 4 of the first tube group is located between two tubes 5 of the second tube group, on which it is also welded gas-tight on its long sides.
  • all tubes 5 of the second tube group are connected with their inlet ends to a further inlet header 10 and with their outlet ends to a further outlet header 11.
  • the outlet header 9 of the pipes 4 of the first pipe group of the pipe wall 2 is connected by a pipe 12 the inlet header 10 of the tubes 5 of the second tube group connected in terms of flow without the interposition of tubes of the bottom 3.
  • the pipe 12 is located on the outside of the vertical throttle cable and contains a distributor 13. Four pipes 14 lead from this distributor 13 to the inlet header 10.
  • the wet steam is not heated on its way from the outlet header 9 to the inlet header 10 and therefore enters all tubes 5 of the second tube group with the same vapor content.
  • heat is supplied to it uniformly, so that in all tubes 5 there is uniformly only wet steam, saturated steam or superheated steam at their outlet ends and is fed into the outlet collector 11. Therefore, thermal stresses in the tube wall 2 at vapor pressure below the critical pressure are excluded even if the tubes 6 of the bottom 3 are of different lengths and absorb heat differently.
  • the tubes 5 form the second tube group in the tube wall 2 at a predetermined height H 1 an upper end by exiting there from the tube wall 2 to the outside of the vertical throttle cable.
  • each tube 4 of the first tube group flows into two vertically arranged, also belonging to the first tube group branch tubes 4 a and 4 b of the tube wall 2, which are connected with their outlet ends to the outlet header 9. This will only make one comparatively small amount of heat is transferred to the tubes 5 of the second tube group, and the temperature is further evened out at the outlet ends of the tubes 5, which open into the outlet header 11, in order to avoid thermal stresses.
  • the tubes 5 of the second tube group of the vertical throttle cable form a lower end at a predetermined height H 2 by entering the tube wall 2 from the outside of the vertical throttle cable.
  • a predetermined height H2 flow two pipes 4 of the first tube group in a vertically arranged single tube 4c of the tube wall 2, which also belongs to the first tube group and is located above the height H2.
  • each tube 4 of the first tube group is connected in terms of flow at the inlet end to the outlet ends of three tubes 6 of the base 3. Furthermore, two tubes 5 of the second tube group of the tube wall 2, which are welded to one another in a gas-tight manner on their long sides, are arranged between two tubes 4 of the first tube group and welded gas-tight with long sides on the long sides of these tubes 4.
  • the number of tubes 5 of the second tube group connected to the collectors 10 and 11 is thus twice as large as the number of tubes 4 of the first tube group connected to the tubes 6 and the outlet header 9. This also has an effect as with the configuration according to FIG. 3.
  • the outlet collector for the pipes of the second pipe group of the pipe wall can be connected in terms of flow through a pipe to other pipes of the pipe wall of the vertical gas flue, which do not belong to the first or second pipe group, or to inlet collectors of superheater heating surfaces of the continuous steam generator.
  • the tubes of the tube wall of the vertical throttle cable and the bottom can have helically guided inner fins, so that the water content of wet steam which flows through these tubes predominantly accumulates on the inside of the tubes. This results in a relatively low and uniform temperature of the pipes and also prevents thermal stresses in the pipe wall and in the floor.
  • Flue gas flowing out of the vertical gas flue can also be in the form of a flue gas circulation after cooling on heating surfaces of the once-through steam generator, e.g. can be returned to the vertical throttle cable with flue gas nozzles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Durchlaufdampferzeuger.The invention relates to a once-through steam generator.

Ein bekannter Durchlaufdampferzeuger ist in der US-Patentschrift 3 498 270 beschrieben. Der zweite Eintrittssammler dieses Durchlaufdampferzeugers ist ebenfalls ein Eintrittssammler für Rohre des Bodens das vertikalen Gastzuges, d.h. diese Rohre des Bodens sind mit ihren Eintrittsenden an dem zweiten Eintrittssammler angeschlossen, und in jedes Rohr der zweiten Rohrgruppe der Rohrwand geht eines der Rohre des Bodens über, die am zweiten Eintrittssammler angeschlossen sind.A known continuous steam generator is described in US Pat. No. 3,498,270. The second inlet header of this once-through steam generator is also an inlet header for pipes of the bottom of the vertical guest train, i.e. these pipes of the floor are connected with their inlet ends to the second inlet collector, and one of the pipes of the floor, which are connected to the second inlet collector, merges into each pipe of the second pipe group of the pipe wall.

Es hat sich gezeigt, daß an den Austrittsenden der vertikal angeordneten Rohre der Rohrwand dieses Durchlaufdampferzeugers ganz erhebliche Wärmespannungen auftreten, wenn er bei Dampfdruck unterhalb des kritischen Druckes, d.h. beispielsweise mit Teillast und damit niedriger Leistung der Speisewasserpumpe betrieben wird. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, diese Wärmespannungen zu vermeiden.It has been found that at the outlet ends of the vertically arranged tubes of the tube wall of this once-through steam generator, very considerable thermal stresses occur when it is at steam pressure below the critical pressure, i.e. for example, operated with partial load and thus low power of the feed water pump. The invention has for its object to avoid these thermal stresses.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe hat ein Durchlaufdampferzeuger erfindungsgemäß die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1.To achieve this object, a continuous steam generator according to the invention has the features of claim 1.

Wegen des fehlenden Austrittssammlers für die Rohre des Bodens und des fehlenden Eintrittssammlers für die Rohre der ersten Rohrgruppe der Rohrwand wird vermieden, daß sich der in den Rohren des Bodens gebildete Naßdampf beim Übertritt in die Rohre der ersten Rohrgruppe entmischt. Deshalb gelangt auch zu den Austrittsenden aller Rohre der ersten Rohrgruppe Naßdampf mit einheitlicher Temperatur, so daß selbst bei Dampfdruck unterhalb des kritischen Druckes keine Wärmespannungen auftreten. Der aus der ersten Rohrgruppe in die zweite Rohrgruppe gelangende Naßdampf wird nicht durch Rohre des Bodens des Gaszuges geführt. Dadurch wird vermieden, daß der Naßdampf in diesen Rohren des Bodens unterschiedlich viel Wärme aufnehmen kann, weil unterschiedlich lange Rohrteile der einzelnen Rohre des Bodens überhaupt keiner Wärmeeinstrahlung ausgesetzt und daher praktisch unbeheizt sind. In den einzelnen Rohren der zweiten Rohrgruppe der Rohrwand nimmt der Naßdampf indessen verhältnismäßig gleichmäßig Wärme auf, so daß auch Wärmespannungen an den Austrittsenden der vertikal angeordneten Rohre der zweiten Rohrgruppe der Rohrwand des Durchlaufdampferzeugers selbst bei Dampfdruck unterhalb des kritischen Drucks vermieden werden.Because of the missing outlet collector for the pipes of the floor and the missing inlet collector for the pipes of the first pipe group of the pipe wall, it is avoided that the wet steam formed in the pipes of the floor separates when it passes into the pipes of the first pipe group. That is why all pipes of the first tube group wet steam with uniform temperature, so that no thermal stresses occur even at steam pressure below the critical pressure. The wet steam coming from the first pipe group into the second pipe group is not passed through pipes in the bottom of the gas train. This avoids that the wet steam in these tubes of the floor can absorb different amounts of heat because tube parts of different lengths of the individual tubes of the floor are not exposed to any heat radiation and are therefore practically unheated. In the individual tubes of the second tube group of the tube wall, however, the wet steam absorbs heat relatively uniformly, so that thermal stresses at the outlet ends of the vertically arranged tubes of the second tube group of the tube wall of the continuous-flow steam generator are avoided even at steam pressure below the critical pressure.

Durch eine Weiterbildung nach Patentanspruch 2 wird ein Entmischen des aus der ersten Rohrgruppe austretenden Naßdampfes auf seinem Weg zur zweiten Rohrgruppe bei Dampfdruck unterhalb des kritischen Druckes vermieden, so daß auch in alle Rohre der zweiten Rohrgruppe Naßdampf mit etwa gleichem Dampfgehalt eintritt. Dies führt ebenfalls zu einer Vergleichmäßigung der Temperatur der Rohre der zweiten Rohrgruppe an ihren Austrittsenden und damit zur Vermeidung von Wärmespannungen in der Rohrwand.A further development according to claim 2 prevents segregation of the wet steam emerging from the first pipe group on its way to the second pipe group at steam pressure below the critical pressure, so that wet steam with approximately the same steam content also occurs in all pipes of the second pipe group. This also leads to an equalization of the temperature of the tubes of the second tube group at their outlet ends and thus to avoid thermal stresses in the tube wall.

Durch eine Weiterbildung nach Patentanspruch 3 wird eine gleichmäßige Kühlung des Bodens des vertikalen Gaszuges erzielt.Through a development according to claim 3, a uniform cooling of the bottom of the vertical throttle cable is achieved.

Durch eine Weiterbildung nach den Patentansprüchen 4 bis 7 kann in vorteilhafter Weise die Wärmeaufnahme der Rohre der zweiten Rohrgruppe vorgegeben werden. Auch dadurch kann eine weitere Vergleichmäßigung der Temperatur der Rohre der zweiten Rohrgruppe an ihren Austrittsenden erzielt werden.The heat absorption of the tubes of the second tube group can be predetermined in an advantageous manner by a further development according to patent claims 4 to 7. This also enables a further equalization of the temperature of the tubes of the second tube group at their outlet ends.

Die Weiterbildung nach Patentanspruch 8 bewirkt zusätzlich ein vergleichmäßigtes Temperaturprofil in der Rohrwand an den Austrittsenden der Rohre zum Vermeiden von Wärmespannungen.The development according to claim 8 also causes a more uniform temperature profile in the tube wall at the outlet ends of the tubes to avoid thermal stresses.

Die Erfindung und ihre Vorteile seien anhand der Zeichnung an Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert:

  • FIG 1 zeigt stark schematisiert eine Abwicklung des vertikalen Gaszuges eines erfindungsgemäßen Durchlaufdampferzeugers.
  • FIG 2 zeigt ein Durchflußschema zum vertikalen Gaszug nach FIG 1.
The invention and its advantages are explained in more detail with reference to the drawing using exemplary embodiments:
  • 1 shows a highly schematic development of the vertical throttle cable of a once-through steam generator according to the invention.
  • 2 shows a flow diagram for the vertical throttle cable according to FIG.

Figuren 3 bis 5 zeigen abgewandelte Ausschnitte aus der Abwicklung des vertikalen Gaszuges nach FIG 1.FIGS. 3 to 5 show modified sections from the development of the vertical throttle cable according to FIG. 1.

Der vertikale Gaszug nach FIG 1 hat einen rechteckigen Querschnitt und weist eine Rohrwand 2 und einen Boden 3 in Form eines Trichters auf. Alle Rohre 4 und 5 der Rohrwand 2 sind vertikal angeordnet und an ihren Längsseiten gasdicht aneinander geschweißt. Der Boden 3 ist durch Rohre 6 gebildet, die ebenfalls an ihren Längsseiten gasdicht aneinander geschweißt sind. Diese Rohre 6 sind geradlinig, sie können aber auch wendelförmig sein.The vertical throttle cable according to FIG. 1 has a rectangular cross section and has a tube wall 2 and a base 3 in the form of a funnel. All pipes 4 and 5 of the pipe wall 2 are arranged vertically and welded to one another in a gas-tight manner on their longitudinal sides. The bottom 3 is formed by tubes 6, which are also welded to one another in a gas-tight manner on their longitudinal sides. These tubes 6 are straight, but they can also be helical.

Am unteren Teil der Rohrwand 2 des vertikalen Gaszuges sind sechs Brenner für fossilen Brennstoff in jeweils einer Öffnung 7 in der Rohrwand 2 angebracht. An einer solchen Öffnung sind Rohre 4 und/oder 5 der Rohrwand 2 gekrümmt und verlaufen auf der Außenseite des vertikalen Gaszuges. Ähnliche Öffnungen können auch für Luftdüsen, Rauchgasdüsen, Rußbläser, Beobachtungsluken etc. gebildet sein.At the lower part of the tube wall 2 of the vertical throttle cable, six burners for fossil fuel are each installed in an opening 7 in the tube wall 2. At such an opening, tubes 4 and / or 5 of tube wall 2 are curved and run on the outside of the vertical throttle cable. Similar openings can also be formed for air nozzles, flue gas nozzles, soot blowers, observation hatches, etc.

Die Rohre 6 des trichterförmigen Bodens 3 sind mit ihren Eintrittsenden an Eintrittssammlern 8 angeschlossen. Die vertikal angeordneten Rohre 4 der Rohrwand 2 bilden eine erste Rohrgruppe. Jedes Rohr 4 dieser ersten Rohrgruppe ist am Eintrittsende mit den Austrittsenden von zwei Rohren 6 des Bodens 3 durchflußmäßig verbunden. Die Rohre 4 der ersten Rohrgruppe münden mit ihren Austrittsenden in einen Austrittssammler 9. Damit gehen in das Eintrittsende jedes Rohres 4 die Austrittsenden der beiden Rohre 6 über.The tubes 6 of the funnel-shaped base 3 are connected at their inlet ends to inlet manifolds 8. The vertically arranged tubes 4 of the tube wall 2 form a first tube group. Each tube 4 of this first tube group is connected in terms of flow at the inlet end to the outlet ends of two tubes 6 of the base 3. The tubes 4 of the first tube group open into an outlet header 9 with their outlet ends. The outlet ends of the two tubes 6 thus merge into the inlet end of each tube 4.

Jedes Rohr 5 einer zweiten Rohrgruppe befindet sich zwischen zwei Rohren 4 der ersten Rohrgruppe, an denen es an seinen Längsseiten gasdicht angeschweißt ist. Ebenso befindet sich jedes Rohr 4 der ersten Rohrgruppe zwischen zwei Rohren 5 der zweiten Rohrgruppe, an denen es ebenfalls an seinen Längsseiten gasdicht angeschweißt ist.Each tube 5 of a second tube group is located between two tubes 4 of the first tube group, on which it is attached Long sides is welded gas-tight. Likewise, each tube 4 of the first tube group is located between two tubes 5 of the second tube group, on which it is also welded gas-tight on its long sides.

Ferner sind alle Rohre 5 der zweiten Rohrgruppe mit ihren Eintrittsenden an einem weiteren Eintrittssammler 10 und mit ihren Austrittsenden an einem weiteren Austrittssammler 11 angeschlossen.Furthermore, all tubes 5 of the second tube group are connected with their inlet ends to a further inlet header 10 and with their outlet ends to a further outlet header 11.

Wie FIG 2 zeigt, ist der Austrittssammler 9 der Rohre 4 der ersten Rohrgruppe der Rohrwand 2 durch eine Rohrleitung 12 mit dem Eintrittssammler 10 der Rohre 5 der zweiten Rohrgruppe ohne Zwischenschaltung von Rohren des Bodens 3 durchflußmäßig verbunden. Die Rohrleitung 12 befindet sich auf der Außenseite des vertikalen Gaszuges und enthält einen Verteiler 13. Von diesem Verteiler 13 führen vier Rohre 14 zum Eintrittssammler 10.As FIG 2 shows, the outlet header 9 of the pipes 4 of the first pipe group of the pipe wall 2 is connected by a pipe 12 the inlet header 10 of the tubes 5 of the second tube group connected in terms of flow without the interposition of tubes of the bottom 3. The pipe 12 is located on the outside of the vertical throttle cable and contains a distributor 13. Four pipes 14 lead from this distributor 13 to the inlet header 10.

Von den Eintrittssammlern 8 strömt Wasser in die Rohre 6 des Bodens 3 und von dort in die Rohre 4 der Rohrwand 2 und wird verdampft. In den Austrittssammler 9 gelangt Naßdampf. Dieser Naßdampf strömt durch die Rohrleitung 12 in den Verteiler 13 und wird gleichmäßig d.h. mit gleichem Dampfgehalt auf die vier Rohre 14 verteilt. Aus den Rohren 14 gelangt der Naßdampf in den Eintrittssammler 10 und in die Rohre 5 der zweiten Rohrgruppe der Rohrwand 2.From the inlet manifolds 8, water flows into the tubes 6 of the bottom 3 and from there into the tubes 4 of the tube wall 2 and is evaporated. Wet steam enters the outlet header 9. This wet steam flows through the pipeline 12 into the distributor 13 and becomes uniform i.e. distributed to the four pipes 14 with the same vapor content. The wet steam passes from the tubes 14 into the inlet header 10 and into the tubes 5 of the second tube group of the tube wall 2.

Der Naßdampf wird auf seinem Wege vom Austrittssammler 9 zum Eintrittssammler 10 nicht beheizt und tritt deshalb in alle Rohre 5 der zweiten Rohrgruppe mit gleichem Dampfgehalt ein. In diesen Rohren 5 wird ihm gleichmäßig Wärme zugeführt, so daß sich in allen Rohren 5 an ihren Austrittsenden einheitlich nur Naßdampf, Sattdampf oder überhitzter Dampf befindet und in den Austrittssammler 11 eingespeist wird. Deshalb sind Wärmespannungen in der Rohrwand 2 bei Dampfdruck unterhalb des kritischen Druckes selbst dann ausgeschlossen, wenn die Rohre 6 des Bodens 3 verschieden lang sind und unterschiedlich Wärme aufnehmen.The wet steam is not heated on its way from the outlet header 9 to the inlet header 10 and therefore enters all tubes 5 of the second tube group with the same vapor content. In these tubes 5, heat is supplied to it uniformly, so that in all tubes 5 there is uniformly only wet steam, saturated steam or superheated steam at their outlet ends and is fed into the outlet collector 11. Therefore, thermal stresses in the tube wall 2 at vapor pressure below the critical pressure are excluded even if the tubes 6 of the bottom 3 are of different lengths and absorb heat differently.

Nach FIG 3 bilden die Rohre 5 der zweiten Rohrgruppe in der Rohrwand 2 in einer vorgegebenen Höhe H₁ ein Oberende, indem sie dort aus der Rohrwand 2 auf die Außenseite des vertikalen Gaszuges austreten. Oberhalb dieser Höhe H₁ geht jedes Rohr 4 der ersten Rohrgruppe durchflußmäßig in zwei vertikal angeordnete, ebenfalls zur ersten Rohrgruppe gehörende Zweigrohre 4a und 4b der Rohrwand 2 über, die mit ihren Austrittsenden am Austrittssammler 9 angeschlossen sind. Dadurch wird nur eine vergleichsweise geringe Wärmemenge an die Rohre 5 der zweiten Rohrgruppe übertragen, und die Temperatur wird an den Austrittsenden der Rohre 5, die in den Austrittssammler 11 münden, zur Vermeidung von Wärmespannungen weiter vergleichmäßigt.According to FIG 3, the tubes 5 form the second tube group in the tube wall 2 at a predetermined height H 1 an upper end by exiting there from the tube wall 2 to the outside of the vertical throttle cable. Above this height H 1, each tube 4 of the first tube group flows into two vertically arranged, also belonging to the first tube group branch tubes 4 a and 4 b of the tube wall 2, which are connected with their outlet ends to the outlet header 9. This will only make one comparatively small amount of heat is transferred to the tubes 5 of the second tube group, and the temperature is further evened out at the outlet ends of the tubes 5, which open into the outlet header 11, in order to avoid thermal stresses.

Nach FIG 4 bilden die Rohre 5 der zweiten Rohrgruppe des vertikalen Gaszuges in einer vorgegebenen Höhe H₂ ein Unterende, indem sie dort von der Außenseite des vertikalen Gaszuges in die Rohrwand 2 eintreten. Unterhalb dieser Höhe H₂ gehen jeweils zwei Rohre 4 der ersten Rohrgruppe durchflußmäßig in ein vertikal angeordnetes Einzelrohr 4c der Rohrwand 2 über, das ebenfalls zur ersten Rohrgruppe gehört und sich oberhalb der Höhe H₂ befindet. Hierdurch wird eine Wirkung wie mit der Ausbildung nach FIG 3 erzielt.According to FIG 4, the tubes 5 of the second tube group of the vertical throttle cable form a lower end at a predetermined height H 2 by entering the tube wall 2 from the outside of the vertical throttle cable. Below this height H₂ flow two pipes 4 of the first tube group in a vertically arranged single tube 4c of the tube wall 2, which also belongs to the first tube group and is located above the height H₂. As a result, an effect as with the training according to FIG 3 is achieved.

Nach FIG 5 ist jedes Rohr 4 der ersten Rohrgruppe am Eintrittsende durchflußmäßig mit den Austrittsenden von drei Rohren 6 des Bodens 3 verbunden. Ferner sind jeweils zwei an ihren Längsseiten gasdicht aneinander geschweißte Rohre 5 der zweiten Rohrgruppe der Rohrwand 2 zwischen zwei Rohren 4 der ersten Rohrgruppe angeordnet und mit Längsseiten an Längsseiten dieser Rohre 4 gasdicht angeschweißt. Die Anzahl der an den Sammlern 10 und 11 angeschlossenen Rohre 5 der zweiten Rohrgruppe ist damit doppelt so groß wie die Anzahl der an den Rohren 6 und am Austrittssammler 9 angeschlossenen Rohre 4 der ersten Rohrgruppe. Auch hierdurch wird eine Wirkung wie mit der Ausbildung nach FIG 3 erzielt.According to FIG. 5, each tube 4 of the first tube group is connected in terms of flow at the inlet end to the outlet ends of three tubes 6 of the base 3. Furthermore, two tubes 5 of the second tube group of the tube wall 2, which are welded to one another in a gas-tight manner on their long sides, are arranged between two tubes 4 of the first tube group and welded gas-tight with long sides on the long sides of these tubes 4. The number of tubes 5 of the second tube group connected to the collectors 10 and 11 is thus twice as large as the number of tubes 4 of the first tube group connected to the tubes 6 and the outlet header 9. This also has an effect as with the configuration according to FIG. 3.

Der Austrittssammler für die Rohre der zweiten Rohrgruppe der Rohrwand kann durchflußmäßig durch eine Rohrleitung mit anderen, nicht zur ersten oder zweiten Rohrgruppe gehörenden Rohren der Rohrwand des vertikalen Gaszuges oder mit Eintrittssammlern von Überhitzerheizflächen des Durchlaufdampferzeugers verbunden sein.The outlet collector for the pipes of the second pipe group of the pipe wall can be connected in terms of flow through a pipe to other pipes of the pipe wall of the vertical gas flue, which do not belong to the first or second pipe group, or to inlet collectors of superheater heating surfaces of the continuous steam generator.

Die Rohre der Rohrwand des vertikalen Gaszuges und des Bodens können wendelartig geführte Innenrippen aufweisen, so daß sich der Wasseranteil von Naßdampf, der diese Rohre durchströmt, vorwiegend an der Innenseite der Rohre ansammelt. Dies bewirkt eine relativ niedrige und gleichmäßige Temperatur der Rohre und verhindert ebenfalls Wärmespannungen in der Rohrwand und im Boden.The tubes of the tube wall of the vertical throttle cable and the bottom can have helically guided inner fins, so that the water content of wet steam which flows through these tubes predominantly accumulates on the inside of the tubes. This results in a relatively low and uniform temperature of the pipes and also prevents thermal stresses in the pipe wall and in the floor.

Aus dem vertikalen Gaszug ausströmendes Rauchgas kann auch in Form einer Rauchgaszirkulation nach Abkühlung an Heizflächen des Durchlaufdampferzeugers, z.B. mit Rauchgasdüsen in den vertikalen Gaszug zurückgeführt werden.Flue gas flowing out of the vertical gas flue can also be in the form of a flue gas circulation after cooling on heating surfaces of the once-through steam generator, e.g. can be returned to the vertical throttle cable with flue gas nozzles.

Claims (8)

  1. Continuous flow steam generator with a vertical gas flue, to which burners (7) for fossil fuel are fitted, which has a pipe wall (2) comprising vertically arranged pipes welded to one another in gastight manner at its longitudinal sides, and which has at a lower end a floor (3) formed in the shape of a funnel, comprising pipes (6) welded to one another in a gastight manner, which are connected in terms of flow by their inlet end to a first inlet collector (8) and by their outlet end to pipes (4) of a first pipe group of the pipe wall (2) of the vertical gas flue, which first pipe group is provided with an outlet collector (9), such that there passes over into the inlet end of each pipe (4) of the first pipe group of the pipe wall (2) the outlet end of at least one pipe (6) of the floor (3), while other pipes (5) of the pipe wall (2) of the vertical gas flue form a second pipe group with an outlet collector (11) and are connected in terms of flow after the pipes (4) of the first pipe group with a pipeline between the outlet collector (9) of the first pipe group and a second inlet collector (10), whereby the pipes (5) of the second pipe group of the pipe wall (2) are connected in terms of flow to the second inlet collector (10) by their inlet ends, and whereby the pipes (5) of the second pipe group belonging to the pipe wall (2) are arranged above the floor (3).
  2. Continuous flow steam generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipeline (12) between the outlet collector (9) of the first pipe group and the second inlet collector (10) has a distributor (13), from which several pipes (14) lead to the second inlet collector (10).
  3. Continuous flow steam generator according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two pipes (6) of the floor are connected in terms of flow to a pipe (4) of the first pipe group.
  4. Continuous flow steam generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the pipes (4) of the first pipe group of the pipe wall (2) of the vertical gas flue is different to the length of the pipes (5) of the second pipe group.
  5. Continuous flow steam generator according to claim 4, characterized in that pipes (5) of the second pipe group of the vertical gas flue form an upper end at a specified height (H₁) in the pipe wall (2), and in that a pipe (4) of the first pipe group of the pipe wall (2) above this height (H₁) passes over in terms of flow into at least two vertically arranged branch pipes (4a; 4b) of the pipe wall (2), which are located above the height (H₁).
  6. Continuous flow steam generator according to claim 4, characterized in that pipes (5) of the second pipe group of the vertical gas flue form a lower end at a specified height (H₂) in the pipe wall (2), and in that at least two pipes (4) of the first pipe group of the pipe wall (2) under this height (H₂) pass over in terms of flow into a vertically arranged single pipe (4c) of the pipe wall (2), which is located above the height (H₂).
  7. Continuous flow steam generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of pipes (4) of the first pipe group differs from the number of pipes (5) of the second pipe group.
  8. Continuous flow steam generator according to claim 1, characterized in that there is located in the pipe wall at least one pipe of the one pipe group between two pipes of the other pipe group.
EP89111630A 1988-07-26 1989-06-26 Once-through steam generator Expired - Lifetime EP0352488B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP19121489A JPH0271002A (en) 1988-07-26 1989-07-24 Once-through boiler
DK365789A DK365789A (en) 1988-07-26 1989-07-24 FLOW STEAM GENERATOR

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP88112051 1988-07-26
EP88112051 1988-07-26

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EP0352488A1 EP0352488A1 (en) 1990-01-31
EP0352488B1 true EP0352488B1 (en) 1993-10-06

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EP89111630A Expired - Lifetime EP0352488B1 (en) 1988-07-26 1989-06-26 Once-through steam generator

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US (1) US4926799A (en)
EP (1) EP0352488B1 (en)
DE (1) DE58905817D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4227457A1 (en) * 1992-08-19 1994-02-24 Siemens Ag Steam generator
US5390631A (en) * 1994-05-25 1995-02-21 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Use of single-lead and multi-lead ribbed tubing for sliding pressure once-through boilers
DE4431185A1 (en) * 1994-09-01 1996-03-07 Siemens Ag Continuous steam generator
DE19651678A1 (en) 1996-12-12 1998-06-25 Siemens Ag Steam generator
DE102010061186B4 (en) * 2010-12-13 2014-07-03 Alstom Technology Ltd. Forced circulation steam generator with wall heating surface and method for its operation

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1167371A (en) * 1956-03-02 1958-11-24 Babcock & Wilcox France Radiant steam generator
GB879817A (en) * 1959-07-10 1961-10-11 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in vapour generators
GB1114444A (en) * 1964-05-27 1968-05-22 Foster Wheeler Corp Improvements relating to forced flow once through vapour generators
US3343523A (en) * 1965-10-22 1967-09-26 Foster Wheeler Corp Vapor generator
US3498270A (en) * 1968-05-01 1970-03-03 Foster Wheeler Corp All-welded furnace construction
US3872836A (en) * 1973-09-18 1975-03-25 Foster Wheeler Corp Coal-fired generator of medium to large capacity
US4294200A (en) * 1979-12-06 1981-10-13 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Variable pressure vapor generator utilizing crossover circuitry for the furnace boundary wall fluid flow tubes
DE3473025D1 (en) * 1983-08-05 1988-09-01 Sulzer Ag Heat exchanger, particularly a steam generator
CN1016532B (en) * 1985-09-23 1992-05-06 劳舍兄弟有限公司 Fossil-fuel-fired vapour producer

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US4926799A (en) 1990-05-22
DE58905817D1 (en) 1993-11-11
EP0352488A1 (en) 1990-01-31

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