EP0351514B1 - Guide d'ondes à torsade - Google Patents

Guide d'ondes à torsade Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0351514B1
EP0351514B1 EP89108556A EP89108556A EP0351514B1 EP 0351514 B1 EP0351514 B1 EP 0351514B1 EP 89108556 A EP89108556 A EP 89108556A EP 89108556 A EP89108556 A EP 89108556A EP 0351514 B1 EP0351514 B1 EP 0351514B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hollow waveguide
waveguide
coupling
window
polarisation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89108556A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0351514A3 (en
EP0351514A2 (fr
Inventor
Anton Ilsanker
Norbert Dr. Ephan
Albert Haslböck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kathrein SE
Original Assignee
Kathrein Werke KG
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Publication date
Application filed by Kathrein Werke KG filed Critical Kathrein Werke KG
Publication of EP0351514A2 publication Critical patent/EP0351514A2/fr
Publication of EP0351514A3 publication Critical patent/EP0351514A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0351514B1 publication Critical patent/EP0351514B1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
    • H01P1/161—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion sustaining two independent orthogonal modes, e.g. orthomode transducer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/02—Bends; Corners; Twists

Definitions

  • the invention looks from a waveguide twist, as is known from DE-PS 976 910 or DE-OS 27 48 956.
  • the straight waveguide is the basic element in waveguide technology.
  • pipe elbows and pipe angles are used to change the direction of hollow pipes.
  • the corner is bevelled to reduce the adjustment error.
  • manifolds with a continuous curvature and a constant cross-section are used.
  • the curvature usually 90 °, can be carried out in the direction of the electrical field lines (E-bend), i.e. in the case of the rectangular hollow line over the broad side, or in the direction of the magnetic field lines (H-bend), i.e. in the case of rectangular hollow line in the direction of the narrow side.
  • E-bend electrical field lines
  • H-bend magnetic field lines
  • the waveguide provided with a rectangular cross section can also be twisted helically as a whole about its longitudinal axis in order to change the polarization plane by 90 °, as is described, for example, in DE-PS 976 910.
  • polarizing switches are known for example from DE 33 45 689 A1, DE 30 10 360 C2 and GB-PS 1 591 719.
  • These broadband polarization switches are used to separate orthogonally linearly polarized electromagnetic waves.
  • an input-side waveguide section has a rectangular or square cross-section with two coupling windows that lie opposite one another laterally, from which rectangular waveguide arms branch off and open into a common broadband branch with the inclusion of elbows.
  • polarization switches that are completely implemented in waveguide technology, they are essentially based on the same principle. They consist of a round or square waveguide to which two or more waveguides are connected. Two main wave types with mutually perpendicular polarization planes can be propagated in the square or round waveguide, which are coupled separately from one another in one or more rectangular waveguides assigned only to one polarization.
  • This functional principle can be implemented in a simple embodiment with a polarization switch in such a way that a waveguide with a square cross section is provided for the transmission of two waves with polarization planes oriented perpendicular to one another.
  • a transverse short circuit is arranged in it and on the opposite side of the waveguide section which is square to the cross section, a rectangular coupling window running in the longitudinal direction, that is to say in the direction of propagation, is arranged in which the electromagnetic wave is coupled out with the polarization plane lying in the plane of the coupling window.
  • this electromagnetic wave can only be deflected by 90 ° in such a way that the direction of propagation of the two waves, which are now each separated on a waveguide branch, takes place parallel to one another.
  • a corresponding waveguide polarization switch therefore comprises, on one connection side, the two polarization gates one above the other for the two waveguide branches, in which the two separate electromagnetic waves are transmitted. Even if, by arranging an H-bend after the coupling window, the direction of propagation of the two coupled waves can be brought into line and the connections of the two switch outputs can lie in one plane, it remains to be determined that the orientation of the two connecting waveguides is perpendicular to each other.
  • the two polarizations separate from one another in different waveguides in the same direction due to the way in which they are coupled, but their orientation in space is still perpendicular to one another. If, for example, microwave converters are to be connected downstream, as is required in satellite technology, then these must also be aligned with the polarization lying perpendicular to one another, which is not always desirable from a structural point of view is when the microwave converters are rectangular in cross-section and thus take up more space. In principle, however, it would also be conceivable for a so-called “twist”, that is to say a so-called “waveguide twist”, to be arranged at least in one of the two waveguide branches. However, this would lead to an axial extension of the required installation space, since then, for example, a microwave converter could only be installed offset by the installation length of the so-called "twist”.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to create a waveguide twist, in particular for a waveguide polarization switch, in order to create the possibility of a polarization plane rotation of 90 ° with the smallest space requirement.
  • the present invention indeed enables the possibility of a rotation of the polarization plane by, for example, 90 ° in an astonishing manner with the smallest installation space. This is made possible by the way in which one waveguide branch is coupled to the other, so that the electromagnetic waves in one polarization plane are coupled into the other waveguide branch by rotating their polarization plane by 90 °.
  • the principle according to the invention can be used not only with the shaft types H10 and H01, that is to say with square or rectangular waveguides in cross section, but also with waveguides with round wave cross section with the shaft types H11 and H11.
  • the waveguides can also be provided with discontinuities.
  • FIG. 4 shows an arrangement on which two waveguides with a rectangular cross section sit one on top of the other.
  • One of the waveguides sits with its narrow long side on the second waveguide on its wide long side, in a symmetrical central longitudinal direction.
  • Two coupling windows are provided between the two waveguides, each deviating at an angle from the longitudinal extent and thus resulting in a coupling window covering that - based on the entire length of both coupling windows - then also extends over the entire width of the narrow longitudinal side of the one waveguide.
  • the graphical representation according to FIG. 8 also shows that the coupling factor can be comparatively low in accordance with the desired partial decoupling.
  • the present invention relates to a waveguide twist in which a practically completely loss-free 100% rotation of the shafts is carried out.
  • Fig. 1 is a rectangular first waveguide 1 for example for transmitting a linearly polarized electromagnetic Shaft type H10 shown.
  • a coupling window 5 is provided, the height of which generally corresponds to the broad side of the waveguide 1. In practice, however, the height of the coupling window 5 will generally be up to approximately 10% less than the broad side of the waveguide 1.
  • the narrow side of the coupling window 5 is only half as long as its length.
  • an example of the magnetic field line 7 is shown in front of the waveguide 1 in FIG. 1.
  • the direction of propagation is changed by 90 ° to the vertical without changing the polarization plane.
  • a second waveguide 13 is arranged above the first waveguide 1.
  • the second waveguide 13 is parallel to the waveguide 1, in such a way that the two coupling windows 5 lie one on top of the other.
  • the coupling window 5 in the second waveguide 13 is also arranged in its longitudinal direction, but off-center to the longitudinal axis.
  • the longitudinal or broad sides of the waveguide 13 to the first waveguide 1 are interchanged by 90 °, so that in the waveguide 13, for example, an electromagnetic wave of the type H 1 can be excited.
  • the electromagnetic field lines 7 shown in FIG. 1 are coupled onto the second waveguide 13 via the coupling window 5 in such a way that magnetic field lines 15 are excited there. This is only achieved by the eccentric arrangement of the coupling window 5 with respect to the second waveguide 13. Because in the coupling window 5, the magnetic field lines are rectified, so that an electromagnetic wave is excited in the second waveguide 13 due to the specific geometry, the polarization plane of which is 90 ° to the incoming electromagnetic wave Wave in the first waveguide 1 is twisted.
  • This basic principle can also be implemented in the case of a waveguide polarization oak as illustrated schematically in FIG. 2.
  • Fig. 2 differs from Fig. 1 in that instead of the first waveguide 1, a waveguide with a square cross-section for transmitting two main electromagnetic waves with mutually perpendicular polarization planes, i.e. for example, transmission of an H10 and H01 wave is used. Below the also in this embodiment running in the longitudinal direction centrally arranged coupling window 5, a short circuit 9 'is arranged instead of an H-angle or H-bend.
  • this short circuit 9 is the same, however, because the electromagnetic wave with the polarization plane extending in the vertical longitudinal direction to the level of the coupling window 5, in the exemplary embodiment shown thus the H01 wave via the coupling window 5 in the upper waveguide section 13 while rotating the Polarization plane can be coupled through 90 ° as explained in FIG. 1.
  • the short circuit 9 ' which is arranged approximately centrally but opposite the coupling window in the first waveguide 1, only the electromagnetic wave with parallel alignment to the short circuit, that is to say in the exemplary embodiment shown, the H10 wave is transmitted into the subsequent waveguide branch 17.
  • the linearly polarized, mutually perpendicular electromagnetic waves transmitted in the first waveguide 1 have now been split onto the two waveguide branches 13 and 17 in such a way that the two polarization planes are parallel to one another.
  • the coupling window is on the same upper side of the waveguide branch 17 usually an upper short-circuit bridge 9 ⁇ to achieve better decoupling.
  • the invention has been explained, inter alia, for a waveguide polarization switch using a square waveguide with two rectangular waveguide connections.
  • the principle of operation also applies in general to a round waveguide to which two or more rectangular waveguides are connected.
  • a square or round waveguide two main wave types with mutually perpendicular polarization planes can be propagated, which can be coupled separately from one another into one or more rectangular waveguides assigned only one polarization.
  • the shaft types H11 and H11 can be transmitted.
  • the waveguides can be provided with discontinuities for the purpose of adaptation, which can also be formed in the side walls transverse to the coupling window.
  • the first waveguide 1 is also square.
  • the one linearly polarized waveguide wave type does not propagate in an extended axial direction to the waveguide 1, but is coupled out via a separate coupling-out window 5 ', which runs centrally in the longitudinal direction on the one in FIG. 4 shown left side wall of the waveguide 1 is introduced. This is followed by an angle 27 for reversing the direction.
  • the coupling-out of the second linearly polarized wave type takes place via the coupling window 5, which is introduced in FIG. 4 on the opposite right side of the waveguide 1 and is attached there eccentrically in the waveguide 1, as can be seen in particular from FIG. 5 is.
  • the second type of waveguide wave is decoupled while rotating the plane of polarization and also reversed in the direction by a subsequent angle 25.
  • a short circuit 9' is attached.
  • a waveguide termination 31 is provided at the end of the direction of propagation to the waveguide 1.
  • the rectangular waveguide emanating from the waveguide 1 to the coupling or decoupling window 5 or 5 ' are aligned with one another with their narrow sides
  • those after the coupling window 5 continuous waveguide branches 13 and 17 are aligned with each other with their broad side.
  • the two polarization gates 19 and 21 belonging to the two waveguide branches 13 and 17 can lie in a common plane.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
  • Waveguide Connection Structure (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Guide d'ondes à torsade constitué d'un premier et d'un deuxième guide d'ondes (1, 13) qui sont superposés dans la zone de couplage, où ils présentent une fenêtre de couplage commune (5) qui est située dans un plan parallèle aux lignes de champ (E) de l'onde H₁₀ du premier guide d'ondes (1) et qui est disposée de manière désaxée dans la face parallèle au plan H du deuxième guide d'ondes pour créer un couplage des ondes dont l'orientation a été modifiée de 90°.
  2. Guide d'ondes à torsade selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le premier et le deuxième guide d'ondes (1, 13) sont deux guides d'ondes rectangulaires, et en ce que la fenêtre de couplage (5) est située sur le premier guide d'ondes rectangulaire, au milieu de son côté étroit et, sur le deuxième guide d'ondes (13), avec désaxement sur son côté large.
  3. Guide d'ondes à torsade selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la fenêtre de couplage (5) est située dans le deuxième guide d'ondes (13), immédiatement au bord du côté large du guide d'ondes (13).
  4. Guide d'ondes à torsade selon la revendication 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que, à l'extrémité du premier guide d'ondes (1) et après la fenêtre de couplage (5), sont disposés une courbe H, un coude H ou un court-circuit.
  5. Utilisation d'un guide d'ondes à torsade selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 pour un séparateur de polarisation, caractérisé en ce que le premier guide d'ondes (1) est conçu pour transmettre deux types de guides d'ondes principaux à polarisation linéaire avec des plans de polarisation perpendiculaires l'un à l'autre, en ce qu'il est prévu, dans ce guide d'ondes 1, un court-circuit (9′) opposé à la fenêtre de couplage (5) montée au centre et parallèle à la direction de propagation des ondes, en vue de la transmission ultérieure uniquement d'un des types d'onde principaux avec un plan de polarisation parallèle au plan de la fenêtre de couplage (5) et pour le surcouplage de l'autre type d'ondes principal, avec un plan de polarisation perpendiculaire au premier et au plan de la fenêtre de couplage (5) dans le deuxième guide d'ondes (13), de façon que les plans de polarisation, tout comme les directions de propagation des deux ondes à polarisation linéaire, soient parallèles les unes aux autres dans les deux branches des guides d'ondes (13, 17).
  6. Utilisation selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce qu'on dispose la fenêtre de couplage (5) sur le premier guide d'ondes pour découpler l'un des types d'onde principaux à polarisation linéaire dans la direction de propagation avec désaxement et sur le côté opposé au premier guide d'ondes (1), ainsi que, mais avec décalage dans la direction de propagation, une deuxième fenêtre de couplage (5′) située au milieu pour la transmission ultérieure uniquement de l'autre type d'onde principal qui est également disposé dans la direction longitudinale du premier guide d'ondes (1), de façon que les plans de polarisation des deux ondes à polarisation linéaire dans les deux branches des guides d'ondes (13, 17) couplées chacune centralement à la fenêtre de couplage ou à la fenêtre de découplage (5, 5′) soient parallèles l'une à l'autre.
  7. Utilisation selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce qu'une courbe ou un coude (25, 27) modifiant la direction de propagation des ondes est raccordée à la fenêtre de couplage ou à la fenêtre de découplage (5, 5′) pour les deux branches des guides d'ondes (13, 17).
  8. Utilisation selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisée en ce que la fenêtre de couplage (5) pour le couplage des ondes dont l'orientation a été modifiée de 90° est disposée en aval de la fenêtre de découplage (5′) opposée dans la direction de propagation du premier guide d'ondes (1).
  9. Utilisation selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisée en ce qu'il est prévu, en outre, un court-circuit (9′) opposé à la fenêtre de couplage et à la fenêtre de découplage (5, 5′) et à section disposée transversalement par rapport à celle-ci et rétrécissant le premier guide d'ondes (1), ce court-circuit étant situé avant une pièce de fermeture (31) fermant le premier guide d'ondes (1).
  10. Utilisation selon l'une des revendications 5 à 9, caractérisée en ce que le premier guide d'ondes (1) présente une section carrée pour la transmission d'une onde H₁₀ et H₀₁.
  11. Utilisation selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que les deux branches des guides d'ondes (13, 17) qui sont situées après la fenêtre de couplage (5) ou après le court-circuit (9′) sont constituées chacune d'un guide d'ondes rectangulaire dont les côtés longitudinaux et larges sont orientés de la même manière.
  12. Utilisation selon l'une des revendications 5 à 11, caractérisée en ce que les deux branches des guides d'ondes (13, 17) sont connectées chacune à l'une des portes de polarisation (19, 21) qui sont situées dans un plan de raccordement commun (23) du séparateur de polarisation.
  13. Utilisation selon l'une des revendications 5 à 12, caractérisée en ce que le premier guide d'ondes (1) présente une section circulaire pour transmettre des ondes de type H₁₁ et H₁₁.
  14. Utilisation selon l'une des revendications 5 à 13, caractérisée en ce que les guides d'ondes (1,13, 17) sont pourvus de discontinuités pour permettre l'adaptation.
EP89108556A 1988-07-16 1989-05-12 Guide d'ondes à torsade Expired - Lifetime EP0351514B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3824150 1988-07-16
DE3824150A DE3824150A1 (de) 1988-07-16 1988-07-16 Hohlleiter-twist

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0351514A2 EP0351514A2 (fr) 1990-01-24
EP0351514A3 EP0351514A3 (en) 1990-09-05
EP0351514B1 true EP0351514B1 (fr) 1994-11-09

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EP89108556A Expired - Lifetime EP0351514B1 (fr) 1988-07-16 1989-05-12 Guide d'ondes à torsade

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EP (1) EP0351514B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE114077T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3824150A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105071006A (zh) * 2015-08-31 2015-11-18 北京遥测技术研究所 一种新型正交模耦合器

Families Citing this family (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4009288C2 (de) * 1990-03-22 1994-03-03 Siemens Ag Rechteckhohlleiter mit E-H-Doppelversatz
JP4111237B2 (ja) 2004-03-30 2008-07-02 株式会社村田製作所 導波管コーナおよび無線装置
FR2904478B1 (fr) * 2006-07-28 2010-04-23 Cit Alcatel Dispositif de transduction orthomode a compacite optimisee dans le plan de maille, pour une antenne
US8542081B2 (en) * 2008-11-11 2013-09-24 Viasat, Inc. Molded orthomode transducer
DE102009007317A1 (de) * 2009-02-03 2010-08-12 Continental Automotive Gmbh Ventil
JP5780995B2 (ja) * 2012-03-27 2015-09-16 三菱電機株式会社 方形導波管の接続構造
CN105140610B (zh) * 2015-09-08 2018-03-02 安徽四创电子股份有限公司 一种用于脊波导缝隙天线阵的等效180°脊波导弯

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DE976910C (de) * 1939-01-24 1964-07-23 Siemens Ag Hohlleiteranordnung zur Drehung der Polarisationsrichtung elektromagnetischer Schwingungen
DE2748956A1 (de) * 1977-11-02 1979-05-03 Licentia Gmbh Hohlleitertwist

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NL200546A (fr) * 1954-10-29
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Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE976910C (de) * 1939-01-24 1964-07-23 Siemens Ag Hohlleiteranordnung zur Drehung der Polarisationsrichtung elektromagnetischer Schwingungen
DE2748956A1 (de) * 1977-11-02 1979-05-03 Licentia Gmbh Hohlleitertwist

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105071006A (zh) * 2015-08-31 2015-11-18 北京遥测技术研究所 一种新型正交模耦合器
CN105071006B (zh) * 2015-08-31 2017-09-29 北京遥测技术研究所 一种新型正交模耦合器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE114077T1 (de) 1994-11-15
DE58908620D1 (de) 1994-12-15
DE3824150C2 (fr) 1989-11-23
EP0351514A3 (en) 1990-09-05
EP0351514A2 (fr) 1990-01-24
DE3824150A1 (de) 1989-07-06

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