EP0419892B1 - Filtre de polarisation aux micro-ondes - Google Patents

Filtre de polarisation aux micro-ondes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0419892B1
EP0419892B1 EP90116913A EP90116913A EP0419892B1 EP 0419892 B1 EP0419892 B1 EP 0419892B1 EP 90116913 A EP90116913 A EP 90116913A EP 90116913 A EP90116913 A EP 90116913A EP 0419892 B1 EP0419892 B1 EP 0419892B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waveguide
angle
bend
longitudinal axis
splitter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90116913A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0419892A2 (fr
EP0419892A3 (en
Inventor
Eberhard Dr. Ing. Schuegraf
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication of EP0419892A3 publication Critical patent/EP0419892A3/de
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Publication of EP0419892B1 publication Critical patent/EP0419892B1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
    • H01P1/161—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion sustaining two independent orthogonal modes, e.g. orthomode transducer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a microwave polarization filter according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Polarization switches which consist of an electrically symmetrical double branch and two mutually identical, in themselves electrically symmetrical series branches and in which the double branch and the two series branches are interconnected via four mutually identical connections, are known for example from DE-OS 27 03 878.
  • An essential area of application of such polarization switches is satellite radio, in which the available transmission and reception frequency bands are occupied by right and left rotating circular polarization and can thus be used twice with the same bandwidth.
  • such polarization switches are required that their two passageways in the transmit and in the receive band should be as low-reflection as possible and in exact phase synchronization.
  • coaxial lines are still used in this known polarization switch in order to achieve the exact phase symmetry.
  • difficulties are to be expected because waveguide-coaxial junctions and coaxial lines cannot be subjected to high power.
  • phase-symmetrical polarization switches are also known, in which the phase symmetry is only approximated by a mostly relatively difficult phase adjustment.
  • the generation of pure circular polarization requires the exact phase synchronization of both passes of the polarization switch.
  • a polarization switch which can be phase-symmetrized by such an adjustment process is, for example from DE-OS 27 08 271, but also from the symmetrical double branch described in detail in DE-PS 28 42 576.
  • DE-PS 30 10 360 discloses the only polarization switch whose two passageways are exactly phase-symmetrical in a wide frequency range and which can also be loaded with a high microwave power, i.e. which does not require coaxial line transitions.
  • This polarization switch has four spatially oblique EH offsets, which, however, cannot disadvantageously be milled with numerically controlled machine tools.
  • Such a millable, initially not phase-symmetrical polarization switch is known from European patent application 0 196 065.
  • a round or square waveguide running in the axial direction is branched by means of a double branch into two pairs of rectangular waveguides which are respectively opposite one another.
  • the first pair consisting of two opposing rectangular waveguides, is fed by a symmetrical waveguide fork with straight arms.
  • the second pair which consists of the two other rectangular waveguides lying opposite one another, is fed by a second, in itself electrically symmetrical, waveguide fork with partial arms bent (E-bends) over their broad sides.
  • E-bends partial arms bent
  • the object of the invention is to provide an exactly phase-symmetrical broadband polarization switch, which consists exclusively of waveguides and which can be produced entirely in cost-effective machine tool-controlled milling technology.
  • E 1 is based on a waveguide arrangement with an E offset, which is used in non-phase-symmetrical polarization switches, as are known from European patent application 0 196 065.
  • This E-offset resulting in an offset distance consists of two E-bends E21 and E22, the waveguide axis running obliquely upwards after the E-bend E21 with the axis elongated vertically upwards in FIG. 1 in front of the bend E21 which is clockwise positive counted kink angle + ⁇ and the waveguide axis running vertically upwards after the E-Kink E22 the axis elongated in FIG. 1 in front of the bend E22 forms the bend angle - ⁇ (directed counterclockwise).
  • the E-bends E21 and E22 thus have mutually opposing bend angles and are connected by an oblique, straight rectangular waveguide section H9.
  • a first step in the direction of the invention now consists in that the intermediate line formed by the rectangular waveguide section H9 in FIG. 1 is separated in the middle of its length by a cut S1.
  • a short rectangular waveguide section B13 with a vertical axis direction is then introduced at this interface, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • a further E-Knick E23 or E24 is connected to both sides of it, again with the opposite direction of buckling and at the same buckling angle as in Fig.
  • the E-Knick E23 thus has a buckling angle - ⁇ and the E-Knick E24 has a buckling angle + ⁇ .
  • the oblique waveguide section H9 from FIG. 1 consists of two half as long rectangular waveguide sections H10 and H11. This results in the double-E waveguide offset according to FIG. 2 with the same offset distance v as in FIG. 1 and with a somewhat greater height.
  • the length of the short rectangular waveguide section B13 is L s .
  • the outer E-bends are designated E25 and E26 and the rectangular waveguide sections between the bends E25 and E27 or E26 and E28 are designated H12 or H13.
  • the length L s of the vertical line sections B13 and B14 must be so large that the E11 interference fields of the adjacent E-bends E23, E24 and E27, E28 do not interlock.
  • ⁇ KE 11 is the cut-off wavelength of the E 1 1 wave in the rectangular waveguide with the broad side dimension a and the narrow side dimension b and ⁇ o the operating wavelength.
  • a polarization switch which is not phase-symmetrical per se and which, with the foregoing prior knowledge, is particularly suitable for expanding to exact phase symmetry, is known from European patent application 0 196 065. It consists of a straight mirror image symmetrical and a rectangular waveguide fork, which runs obliquely to the side and is not mirror image symmetrical, which fit into each other without penetration. These two forks feed a double branching switch head described in more detail in DE-PS 28 42 576, whereby e.g. in a circular waveguide two mutually perpendicular polarized H11 waves E01 and H21 are excited without interference waves.
  • a polarization switch can be created which, in contrast to the switch described in patent application 0 196 065, is exactly phase-symmetrical with regard to the switch arm pairs and thus the entire polarization switch.
  • the polarization switch according to the invention has a symmetrically constructed five-armed double branch D, which contains an arm lying in the double branch longitudinal axis direction L for connecting a further waveguide with a round or square cross section and four identically designed partial arm connections with a rectangular cross section, which are each offset by 90 ° and offset run at the same angle with respect to the double branching longitudinal axis L in the opposite direction to the connecting arm of the further waveguide.
  • two opposing partial arm connections of the double branch D are of mutually equal length, each forming a pair of switch arm sections A1, A2 (FIG. 4) and A3, A4 (FIG. 5) with the two partial arms T1, T2 (FIG. 4) and T3 , T4 (FIG. 5) each one of two identically designed, symmetrical series connections SV1 (FIG. 4) or SV2 (FIG. 5), which are located in the same plane with their connecting flanges.
  • the pair of switch arm sections A1 and A2 shown in FIG. 4, which is not mirror image symmetrical to the double branching longitudinal axis L, has, starting from the double branching D, first in each switch arm section A1 or A2 a short waveguide section B1 or B2 running parallel to the double branching longitudinal axis L.
  • the two short waveguide sections B1 and B2 are followed by a longer waveguide section H1 or H2 via an E-bend E1 or E2 with an angle + ⁇ .
  • the longer waveguide sections H1 and H2 in the two switch arm sections A1 and A2 are followed by a short waveguide section B3 and B4 running parallel to the double branching longitudinal axis L via an E-bend E3 and E4 each with an angle ⁇ relative to the direction of the double branching longitudinal axis L. .
  • a longer waveguide section H3 or H4 is connected to the short waveguide sections B3 and B4 via a further E-bend E5 or E6, each with an angle + ⁇ .
  • the switch arm sections A1 and A2 then continue via bends E7 and E8 with an angle - ⁇ in short waveguide sections B5 and B6 running parallel to the double branching longitudinal axis L.
  • the short waveguide sections B9 and B10 run parallel to the double branching longitudinal axis L.
  • a longer waveguide section H7 follows in the switch arm section A3 via an E-bend E15 with an angle + ⁇ and in the switch arm section A4 also an longer waveguide section via an E-bend with an angle - ⁇ H8.
  • All longer waveguide sections H1 to H8 have the same length in the switch arm sections A1 to A4 of the two pairs of forks.
  • the short waveguide pieces B1, B2, B7 and B8 with the length L s ⁇ , the short waveguide pieces B3, B4, B9 and B10 with the length L s and the short waveguide pieces B5, B6, B11 and B12 are also dimensioned with each other with the same length the length L s '.
  • All short waveguide pieces B1 to B12 of the four switch arm sections A1 to A4 are dimensioned at least so long that there is sufficient E11 interference field attenuation at the highest operating frequency.
  • two parallel double E offsets of FIG. 2 which are placed next to one another in parallel, are interconnected with a broadband rectangular waveguide series branch SV1 known from European patent application 0 196 065 to form a new fork which is not mirror-symmetrical.
  • the lateral offset distance v must be somewhat larger than the broad side a of all rectangular waveguides used, so that both pairs A1, A2 and A3, A4 of the switch arm sections fit into one another without penetration.
  • the pair of switch arm sections A1 and A2 shown in Fig. 4 is symmetrical in itself, for which the lengths L s ' and L s ⁇ must meet the same, already quantified requirements as the length L s .
  • the series branches SV1 and SV2 are designed with the correct wave resistance, the partial arms T1 to T4 having an aspect ratio between the broad side a and the narrow side b of approximately 4: 1.
  • the waveguide feed access Z1 and Z2 of the two series branches SV1 and SV2 has an aspect ratio between the broad side a and the narrow side b o of approximately 2: 1.
  • All E-bends E1 to E20 are provided with a symmetrical corner flattening F on the outer broad side bend of the waveguide.
  • the clear width w between the switch arm sections A3 and A4 of the mirror-symmetrically designed switch arm pair in Fig. 5 must be dimensioned somewhat larger than the broad side a of all rectangular waveguides, so that the switch arm section pair shown in Fig. 4 between the switch arm sections A3 and A4 of the one shown in Fig. 5 Arrangement has space.
  • the width w is also adopted for the switch arm sections A1 and A2 of the arrangement shown in FIG. 4. Since all switch arm components are mutually exactly phase-symmetrical, this also applies to the complete switch arm pairs under the conditions mentioned above. Then the interconnection with the double branching D, which is likewise exactly symmetrical, represents an exactly phase-symmetrical polarization switch.
  • a major advantage of the polarization switch according to the invention is that the two pairs (Gabein) of the switch arm sections A1, A2 and A3, A4 can be completely milled.
  • each of the two forks is divided by a plane that cuts all rectangular waveguides of the respective fork along the center lines of their broad sides - that is to say without cross current and therefore without loss.
  • the two division levels are perpendicular to each other and divide the fork block into four quadrants.
  • all waveguide walls are exactly cylindrical and can therefore be manufactured inexpensively and with very small tolerances using a two-dimensionally numerically controlled milling machine. This is compared to the previous one galvanoplastic manufacturing technology achieved an enormous cost reduction.
  • a crossover can be connected to the waveguide feed accesses Z1 and Z2 of the two series branches SV1 and SV2.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Steering Controls (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Filtre de polarisation pour micro-ondes, comportant un embranchement double à cinq branches, agencé de façon symétrique et qui comporte une branche située dans une direction d'axe longitudinal de l'embranchement double et servant au raccordement d'un guide d'ondes de départ possédant une section transversale circulaire ou carrée, et quatre raccords partiels de branche agencés de façon identique et possédant une section transversale rectangulaire et qui sont respectivement décalés réciproquement de 90° et s'étendent respectivement sous le même angle par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de l'embranchement double, dans une direction opposée à la branche de raccordement du guide d'ondes de départ, et parmi lesquels respectivement deux raccords partiels de branche opposés sont reliés, par l'intermédiaire de tronçons de branche du filtre, qui possèdent des longueurs identiques, forment respectivement un couple et sont pourvus exclusivement de coudes sur les côtés larges du guide d'ondes (coudes E) aux deux branches partielles respectivement de l'un de deux embranchements série symétriques agencés de la même manière et dont les brides de raccordement sont situées dans un même plan, et dans lequel un couple des tronçons de branche du filtre possède exclusivement des coudes E qui s'étendent dans des sens opposés et sont situés dans une même position et qui donnent à ce couple une configuration symétrique par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de l'embranchement double, et dans lequel l'autre couple des tronçons des branches du filtre, qui ne s'étendent pas symétriquement par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de l'embranchement double, possède des coudes E disposés parallèlement et situés dans la même position, qui définit un décalage de l'embranchement série associé, par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de l'embranchement double, possédant au moins une longueur telle qu'une imbrication des deux couples des tronçons de branches de filtre sans traversée est possible,
    caractérisé par le fait
    que le couple des tronçons (Al,A2) des branches du filtre, qui n'est pas disposé symétriquement par rapport à l'axe longitudinal (L) de l'embranchement double, comporte, tout d'abord, dans chaque tronçon de branche du filtre, un court guide d'ondes (B1,B2), qui s'étend parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal de l'embranchement double, suivi successivement par respectivement un coude E (E1,E2) possédant un angle +a (+a est l'angle, compté dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre, et -a l'angle, compté dans le sens inverse des aiguilles d'une montre, entre le prolongement de l'axe du guide d'ondes en amont de chaque coude E respectif et l'axe du guide d'ondes en aval de ce coude E), un guide d'ondes plus long (H1,H2), un coude E (E3,E4) possédant un angle -a, un autre court guide d'ondes (B3,B4) qui s'étend parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal de l'embranchement double, un coude E (E5,E6) possédant un angle +a, un autre guide d'ondes plus long (H3,H4), un coude E (E7,E8) possédant un angle -a et un autre guide d'ondes court (B5,B6) qui s'étend parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal de l'embranchement double, et auxquels respectivement une branche partielle (T1,T2) de l'embranchement série associé (SV) se raccorde par l'intermédiaire d'un coude E (E9,E10) avec un angle +a′ ou -a' (la définition du sens de a est également valable pour a′), que le couple de tronçons (A3,A4) de branches du filtre, qui est disposé symétriquement par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de l'embranchement double, possède également, tout d'abord, dans chaque tronçon de branche du filtre, un court guide d'ondes (B7,B8), qui s'étend parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal de l'embranchement double, et ensuite successivement à la suite des deux tronçons de branches du filtre, des coudes E (E11,E12) qui s'écartent l'un de l'autre et possèdent un angle -a ou +a, un guide d'ondes plus long (H1,H6), un coude E (13,14) possédant un angle +a ou -a, un autre guide d'ondes court (B9,B10), qui s'étend parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal de l'embranchement double, un coude E (E15,E16) possédant un angle +a ou -a, un autre guide d'ondes plus long (H7,H8), un coude E (E17,E18) possédant un angle -a ou +a et un autre guide d'ondes court B11, B12, qui s'étend parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal de l'embranchement double et auquel respectivement une branche partielle (T3,T4) de l'embranchement série associé (SV2) se raccorde par l'intermédiaire d'un coude E (E19,E20) possédant un angle +a′, -a′, que les guides d'ondes plus longs (H1 à H8) dans les deux couples de tronçons de branches du filtre sont dimensionnés avec la même longueur et ce de telle sorte que dans le couple de tronçons de branche du filtre agencés d'une manière non symétrique, on obtient une distance de décalage latéral (v), qui est légèrement supérieure au grand côté (a) des guides d'ondes rectangulaires utilisés, et que les courts guides d'ondes (B1 à B12) possèdent au moins une longueur telle qu'on obtient un amortissement suffisant du champ parasite de E₁₁ pour la fréquence maximale de fonctionnement, au moins tous les guides d'ondes courts, qui présentent respectivement la même distance de décalage par rapport à l'embranchement double, étant dimensionnés avec des longueurs identiques.
  2. Filtre de polarisation suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le grand côté (a) et le petit côté (b) des guides d'ondes rectangulaires des tronçons (A1 à Z4) de branches du filtre est égal approximativement à 4:1.
  3. Filtre de polarisation suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que les embranchements séries (SV1, SV2) sont réalisés avec des impédances caractéristiques correctes avec des branches partielles (T1 à T4) avec un rapport entre le grand côté (a) et le petit côté (b) égal à environ 4:1, à partir d'une sortie d'alimentation (Z1, Z2) des guides d'ondes présentant un rapport entre le grand côté (a) et le petit côté (bo) égal à environ 2:1.
  4. Filtre de polarisation suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que les coudes E (E1 à E20) sont pourvus d'un méplat d'angle symétrique (F) au niveau du coude extérieur respectif du grand côté.
  5. Filtre de polarisation suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par une réalisation selon la technique de fraisage, de préférence à commande numérique de l'outil.
  6. Filtre de polarisation suivant la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que chacun des deux couples (A1, A2;A3,A4) de transmission de branches du filtre est divisé par un plan, qui recoupe tous les guides d'ondes rectangulaires du couple respectif, le long des droites médianes de leurs grands côtés, en sorte que les deux plans de division sont perpendiculaires entre eux et divisent l'ensemble du bloc de filtre en quatre quadrants, et que les parois des guides d'ondes, qui s'étendent exactement selon une disposition cylindrique par rapport à ces plans de division, sont fabriquées au moyen d'un automate de fraisage à commande numérique bidimensionnelle.
  7. Filtre de polarisation suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que l'angle a′ coïncide avec l'angle a.
  8. Filtre de polarisation suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'un aiguillage respectif de fréquence est raccordé aux accès d'alimentation (Z1,Z2) des guides d'ondes des deux embranchements séries (SV1,SV2).
EP90116913A 1989-09-28 1990-09-03 Filtre de polarisation aux micro-ondes Expired - Lifetime EP0419892B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3932430 1989-09-28
DE3932430 1989-09-28

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0419892A2 EP0419892A2 (fr) 1991-04-03
EP0419892A3 EP0419892A3 (en) 1992-07-15
EP0419892B1 true EP0419892B1 (fr) 1995-11-29

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90116913A Expired - Lifetime EP0419892B1 (fr) 1989-09-28 1990-09-03 Filtre de polarisation aux micro-ondes

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP0419892B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE130964T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59009918D1 (fr)
NO (1) NO175840C (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9107191U1 (fr) * 1991-06-11 1991-08-08 Siemens Ag, 8000 Muenchen, De
SE9804498D0 (sv) * 1998-04-02 1998-12-22 Allgon Ab Wide band antenna means incorporating a radiating structure having a band form
GB0419884D0 (en) * 2004-09-08 2004-10-13 Invacom Ltd Broadcast signal waveguide

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3345689A1 (de) * 1983-12-16 1985-07-11 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8012 Ottobrunn Breitband-polarisationsweiche
DE3675235D1 (de) * 1985-03-27 1990-12-06 Siemens Ag Polaristationsweiche fuer einrichtungen der hoechstfreqenztechnik.
ATE75559T1 (de) * 1987-02-18 1992-05-15 Siemens Ag Mikrowellen-polarisationsweiche.
DE3871586D1 (de) * 1987-03-24 1992-07-09 Siemens Ag Breitbandige polarisationsweiche.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO175840B (no) 1994-09-05
NO904192D0 (no) 1990-09-26
ATE130964T1 (de) 1995-12-15
NO904192L (no) 1991-04-02
EP0419892A2 (fr) 1991-04-03
EP0419892A3 (en) 1992-07-15
NO175840C (no) 1994-12-14
DE59009918D1 (de) 1996-01-11

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