EP0339487A2 - Couche filtrante à charbon actif pour masques à gaz et masque à gaz comprenante ladite couche filtrante - Google Patents

Couche filtrante à charbon actif pour masques à gaz et masque à gaz comprenante ladite couche filtrante Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0339487A2
EP0339487A2 EP89107106A EP89107106A EP0339487A2 EP 0339487 A2 EP0339487 A2 EP 0339487A2 EP 89107106 A EP89107106 A EP 89107106A EP 89107106 A EP89107106 A EP 89107106A EP 0339487 A2 EP0339487 A2 EP 0339487A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter layer
layer according
activated carbon
carbon particles
fabric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89107106A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0339487A3 (fr
EP0339487B1 (fr
Inventor
Hasso von Blücher
Ernest Dr. De Ruiter
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Individual
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Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0339487A2 publication Critical patent/EP0339487A2/fr
Publication of EP0339487A3 publication Critical patent/EP0339487A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0339487B1 publication Critical patent/EP0339487B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B23/00—Filters for breathing-protection purposes
    • A62B23/02—Filters for breathing-protection purposes for respirators

Definitions

  • All common mask filters consist of a replaceable filter cartridge that contains at least one activated carbon filter layer.
  • Activated carbon for mask filters usually has a specific or "inner" surface determined according to the BET method from 500 to over 2000 m2 / g. It is a special property of activated carbon that it can permanently adsorb a large number of substances in its micropores, which can make up up to 50% of the total volume, very unspecifically.
  • Toxic gases such as HCN, which are only weakly bound by normal physical adsorption, can be bound with the aid of applied metal compounds, for example silver, copper or chromium, by means of a superimposed chemisorption.
  • the activated carbon filter layer of mask filters is usually designed as a bulk filter in which the medium to be cleaned flows through a fixed bed of the activated carbon particles.
  • a sufficient amount or mass of the adsorber material must be available.
  • the adsorption kinetics are proportional to the "outer" surface of the particles, so that small particles are more favorable in this respect.
  • larger activated carbon particles are often only fully used in the outer areas. These are usually already saturated - which requires an interruption and replacement of the filter cartridge - if the coal inside is only weakly loaded.
  • the use of the smallest possible particles in a bulk filter necessarily leads to a high pressure loss. In practice, the particle size is reduced by the associated pressure loss is limited.
  • Another disadvantage of bulk filters is that the activated carbon particles rub against each other, and the pulverulent coal further increases the resistance to flow.
  • the solution according to the invention is an activated carbon filter layer for gas masks, which is essentially made up of superimposed highly air-permeable flat structures with a layer of granular or spherical activated carbon particles with a diameter of 0.1 to 1 mm and the pressure loss of which is 4 cm thick with a circular cross section of 100 cm2 when flowing with an air flow of one liter per second is less than 10 mm, preferably less than 5, in particular less than 2 mm water column.
  • Sheets with attached granular or spherical activated carbon particles are known as so-called area filters. According to the teaching of the present invention, they can be modified by the person skilled in the art in such a way that they are highly permeable to air and covered with the required amount of granular or spherical activated carbon particles of the desired size, in the necessary number, when superimposed, result in an activated carbon filter of the thickness of a few centimeters customary for gas masks.
  • DE-B-28 04 154 describes a filter material made of an open-pore, flexible foam carrier and adsorber particles carried by its pore walls.
  • the adsorber grains can also be spherical and consist of activated carbon. However, their size is considerably smaller than is required for a surface filter from which a mask filter according to the invention could be produced.
  • DE-C-28 29 599 describes a multi-layer composite material for protective clothing with a non-flammable textile fabric as the outer layer, a mineral fiber layer and an inner layer made of air-permeable, heat-insulating polyurethane foam of a thickness of 2 mm, the pores of which are covered with activated carbon particles, which at least partially consist of spherical porous activated carbon bodies.
  • the foam would have to have a very open-pore structure and these pores should not be occupied by the activated carbon particles. Rather, these would have to be fixed in the correct size on the walls of the foam in order to ensure the high air permeability that surface filters require, so that they are stacked on top of one another to give a mask filter with the required low pressure loss.
  • DE-C-29 51 827 describes, inter alia, a protective material against chemical pollutants and short-term exposure to heat from an air-permeable flexible carrier layer, for example a woven fabric, scrim, knitted fabric or nonwoven fabric, on which spherical adsorber grains of one diameter are made from a solidified adhesive on at least one side of support columns are fixed from about 0.1 to 0.7.
  • an air-permeable flexible carrier layer for example a woven fabric, scrim, knitted fabric or nonwoven fabric, on which spherical adsorber grains of one diameter are made from a solidified adhesive on at least one side of support columns are fixed from about 0.1 to 0.7.
  • Such a surface filter can be useful for the purposes of the invention if granular or spherical activated carbon is selected as the adsorption grains and the support layer, for example as a mesh fabric, is made very loose and the activated carbon beads are attached in the manner described on both sides of the air-permeable support layer, which are used for the purposes the invention can be made of glass fibers or metallic fibers.
  • a surface filter In order to be useful as an activated carbon filter layer for gas masks, such a surface filter must also be highly air-permeable and provided with the required amount of activated carbon, so that it is stacked in the required number as a package Mask filter with low flow resistance with high adsorption performance results.
  • DE-A-32 00 959 discloses a textile surface filter made of a textile fabric, for example a nonwoven, a fabric or a plush, which contains fibers which become temporarily sticky at elevated temperature without melting.
  • These can be heterophilic fibers made up of two coaxially arranged components, the outer one of which has a lower enamel point or undrawn amorphous polyester fibers that become soft and sticky up to about 85 ° C without crystallizing at higher temperatures and eventually assume the thermal stability of a normal polyester fiber.
  • the fibers mentioned are temporarily sticky, granular activated carbon with a size of 0.1 to 0.5 mm can also be attached to them. In this way, in contrast to a fixation of the activated carbon on the upper and lower side of the textile fabrics, the exposed fibers can be completely covered and a correspondingly high adsorption capacity with low flow resistance can be achieved.
  • DE-A-1 279 917 describes an extractor device with an adsorption filter made of a fibrous material, on the fibers of which are coated with highly viscous glue, activated carbon grains of 0.5 to 1 mm in diameter are glued.
  • the fibers prepared in this way are contained in the known extractor device between air-permeable fabrics to form fiber mats.
  • Such a material could also be designed according to the teaching of the invention so that it can be used to produce a mask filter with the required low pressure drop and high adsorption capacity.
  • the distance of the threads, fibers, monofilaments or wires from one another should be at least twice as large as the diameter of the activated carbon particles used in each case. It is preferably about three to ten times.
  • the pores should have a diameter of 1 to 5 mm, preferably 1.5 to 2.5 mm.
  • the known flat structures or those suitable for the purposes of the invention generally have a thickness of a few millimeters, for example 1 to 5 mm. If they are made up of monofilaments, wires or threads, their diameter is preferably 0.1 to 0.8 mm.
  • the highly breathable fabrics can be flexible, but also rigid. If the granular, in particular spherical activated carbon particles are fixed to it and they are preferably completely covered with the activated carbon particles, the stiffness increases and the highly air-permeable sheet-like structures are then more than ever the activated carbon filter layer for gas masks which are relatively rigid, pressure-resistant structures.
  • the surface filters loaded with activated carbon balls or granules into elementary filters in the form of strips or chips, for example cut to the size of a few square centimeters. This means that you are completely independent of the shape of the objects to be filled and the elementary filters can be inserted into the cavities to be filled together with heterofil fibers or threads made of hot-melt adhesive. The whole can be done according to the Solidify the filling so that there is no risk of settling or abrasion as with bulk filters, even with high mechanical stress.
  • the activated carbon particles can be fixed directly to it or an adhesive is required.
  • plastic materials in particular fiber materials commercially, which have the property of initially becoming superficially sticky at an elevated temperature in a certain temperature interval without melting. This property, which could be called a built-in hot melt adhesive, can be used to fix the activated carbon particles to it, as described in detail in DE-A-32 00 959.
  • the activated carbon particles are fixed to the support structure with an adhesive. This gives the person skilled in the art more choice with regard to the material from which the carrier skeleton is constructed and the adhesive.
  • the diameter of the wires, monofilaments or threads of the surface formed is dimensioned alone or with the adhesive so that a complete covering with the activated carbon particles is possible in order to produce a filter element completely covered with the activated carbon particles in a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • both inorganic and organic adhesive systems can be used.
  • the latter include polymers, in particular acrylic acid derivatives, polyurethanes, polystyrenes, polyvinyl acetates and hot melt adhesives.
  • Adhesive systems such as e.g. The IMPRANIL® high solid PUR reactive products from BAYER® are initially highly viscous. i.e. they offer good initial adhesion when the carrier skeleton is sprinkled with the activated carbon particles.
  • the activated carbon particles must be free-flowing and wear-resistant. Their diameter is expediently three up to five times smaller than the diameter of the pores or openings of the highly air permeable surface.
  • Commercial activated carbon beads with a diameter of 0.1 to 1 mm are not only the most free-flowing shape, but also withstand the highest loads due to their symmetry.
  • Granular activated carbon particles are also suitable if they are not too angular or irregular in shape because it is important that the activated carbon particles can penetrate structures of several centimeters in thickness when they are fixed to the fabric.
  • Activated carbon particles suitable for mask filters should have an inner surface area of 600 to 2000 m 2 / g, preferably 1000 to 1600 m 2 / g, determined by the BET method.
  • the activated carbon particles should be very pressure-resistant and they are preferably highly insensitive to moisture.
  • a very abrasion-resistant spherical activated carbon can be produced, for example, from coal tar pitch or petroleum distillation residues. Additional hardening of the surface and remarkable insensitivity to moisture can be achieved through a special post-treatment.
  • suitable activated carbon beads is described for example in EP-B-118 618, DE-B-29 32 571 and DE-A-30 41 115.
  • the surface of the activated carbon can also be impregnated in a plastic dispersion or a coal tar pitch solution or bitumen solution and subjected to a slight post-activation.
  • the sensitive speed against water vapor can be significantly reduced by adding ammonia gas during the after-activation and cooling to 100 ° C in the absence of air.
  • the activated carbon particles can be impregnated with metal compounds, in particular the metals silver, copper and chromium.
  • metal compounds in particular the metals silver, copper and chromium.
  • encapsulated enzymes which break down poisons may also be present, as described in EP-B-118 618.
  • a loosened activated carbon filter layer according to the invention has a larger volume than a bulk filter with the same performance, but considerably lower flow resistance.
  • the amount of 100 g of activated carbon which is customary today for an activated carbon filter layer of a gas mask can be accommodated in a volume of about 350 ml in the support structures according to the invention.
  • the shape of the mask filter can also be adapted to a wide variety of needs.
  • the filter can be placed in a hood mask, for example around the head or in the neck accommodate and then serves as additional head or neck protection against impact.
  • the filtered air should flow past the eyes to prevent the clear windows from fogging up.
  • a plate-shaped filter can be worn on the chest or back and connected to the mask body by a flexible tube.
  • Cylindrical filter elements with a diameter of a few centimeters can also be accommodated directly in a flexible hose or can be coupled together to form a tubular structure using suitable means. Such interchangeable filter elements can also have different functions.
  • the inlet opening of the hoses containing or composed of the filter elements is expediently located on the inside of a protective suit.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
  • Preparing Plates And Mask In Photomechanical Process (AREA)
EP89107106A 1988-04-22 1989-04-20 Couche filtrante à charbon actif pour masques à gaz et masque à gaz comprenante ladite couche filtrante Revoked EP0339487B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3813562 1988-04-22
DE3813562A DE3813562C2 (de) 1988-04-22 1988-04-22 Aktivkohlefilterschicht für Gasmasken

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0339487A2 true EP0339487A2 (fr) 1989-11-02
EP0339487A3 EP0339487A3 (fr) 1992-03-04
EP0339487B1 EP0339487B1 (fr) 1995-08-09

Family

ID=6352627

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89107106A Revoked EP0339487B1 (fr) 1988-04-22 1989-04-20 Couche filtrante à charbon actif pour masques à gaz et masque à gaz comprenante ladite couche filtrante

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0339487B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2791575B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE126076T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3813562C2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2075008T3 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996022823A1 (fr) * 1995-01-27 1996-08-01 Mine Safety Appliances Company Systeme filtrant pour masque a gaz
EP1039961A2 (fr) * 1997-11-21 2000-10-04 JlJ Medical Devices, International, LLC Systeme d'evacuation de fumee
DE4123262C2 (de) * 1991-07-13 2002-12-12 Illbruck Prod Anordnung für einen Filterkörper oder Katalysator
WO2002085426A3 (fr) * 2001-04-24 2003-04-10 Ulrich Lersch Filtre respiratoire
WO2003090872A1 (fr) * 2002-04-25 2003-11-06 Avon Protection Systems, Inc. Boitiers filtrants de respirateur et leur procede de remplissage
DE102011015723A1 (de) 2011-03-31 2012-10-04 Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA Sorbierendes Granulat und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines sorbierenden Granulats
CN105457184A (zh) * 2015-11-18 2016-04-06 华文蔚 一种净化pm2.5的口罩滤芯
CN106422099A (zh) * 2016-11-30 2017-02-22 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 水滤减压式呼吸器

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3938581A1 (de) * 1989-11-21 1991-05-23 Ruiter Ernest De Filtersystem fuer gasmasken
US5054481A (en) * 1990-08-29 1991-10-08 Shin Hae Ryun Infusion apparatus to supply compressed air into an industrial mask
US5245994A (en) * 1991-01-08 1993-09-21 National Science Council Air cleaning and supplying system equipped to a helmet for a motorcyclist
USH1360H (en) * 1991-04-24 1994-10-04 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Lightweight protective gas mask and hood
DE19617753A1 (de) * 1996-05-03 1997-11-06 Bluecher Gmbh Verfahren zur Bekämpfung des bakteriellen Befalls von Adsorptionsfiltern
DE19836469A1 (de) * 1998-08-12 2000-02-17 Mhb Filtration Gmbh & Co Kg Adsorbentien enthaltender Geruchsfilter
JP2005177256A (ja) * 2003-12-22 2005-07-07 Toyobo Co Ltd 吸着性シート及び空気浄化用フィルター

Citations (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE635674C (de) * 1931-11-21 1936-09-21 Chem Fab Dr Hugo Stoltzenberg Atemschutzfilter mit gekoernter Filtermasse
GB896345A (en) * 1957-10-07 1962-05-16 American Air Filter Co Fluid filtering medium and method of making such medium
US4064876A (en) * 1976-01-30 1977-12-27 Stanley I. Wolf Air-pollution filter and face mask
DE3200959A1 (de) * 1982-01-14 1983-07-21 Hasso von 4000 Düsseldorf Blücher Textiler flaechenfilter
EP0118618A1 (fr) * 1983-02-09 1984-09-19 Hubert von Blücher Filtre à surface plane
EP0159696A2 (fr) * 1984-04-25 1985-10-30 Pall Corporation Structures autoportables contenant des particules de charbon immobilisées et méthode pour les former
DE3443900A1 (de) * 1984-12-01 1986-06-05 Bluecher Hubert Schutzmaterial und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
US4619948A (en) * 1985-01-07 1986-10-28 Twin Rivers Engineering Composite active filter material
EP0218348A1 (fr) * 1985-08-28 1987-04-15 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Appareils respiratoires utilisant des structures adsorbantes liées
EP0294707A2 (fr) * 1987-06-11 1988-12-14 HELSA-WERKE Helmut Sandler GmbH & Co. KG Masque de protection respiratoire

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DE959517C (de) * 1953-01-06 1957-03-07 Draegerwerk Ag Filteratemschutzgeraet
DE1279917B (de) * 1963-12-06 1968-10-10 Wilh Kober & Co K G Elektroger Dunstabzugsvorrichtung
JPS4927673A (fr) * 1972-07-14 1974-03-12
US3971373A (en) * 1974-01-21 1976-07-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Particle-loaded microfiber sheet product and respirators made therefrom
JPS5850127B2 (ja) * 1976-02-20 1983-11-09 日本カ−ボン株式会社 濾材の製造法
CA1119975A (fr) * 1977-05-31 1982-03-16 John W. Tidland Masques respiratoires portables filtreurs d'air
DE2804154C2 (de) * 1978-01-31 1984-04-19 Blücher, Hasso von, 4000 Düsseldorf Filtermaterial sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu seiner Herstellung
DE2829599C3 (de) * 1978-07-05 1981-01-15 Hubert Von Bluecher Verbundwerkstoff für Schutzbekleidung und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
JPS5527817A (en) * 1978-08-11 1980-02-28 Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd Manufacture of spherical carbon or spherical activated carbon
JPS5910930B2 (ja) * 1979-11-02 1984-03-12 呉羽化学工業株式会社 球状炭素成形体の製造方法
DE2951827C2 (de) * 1979-12-21 1982-02-04 Hasso Von 4000 Duesseldorf Bluecher Schutzmaterial gegen chemische Schadstoffe und kurzzeitige Hitzeeinwirkung sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
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JPS57200214A (en) * 1981-05-29 1982-12-08 Kyocera Corp Three-dimensional network material
JPS5824340A (ja) * 1981-08-05 1983-02-14 Toho Rayon Co Ltd フイルタ−
DE3138697A1 (de) * 1981-09-29 1983-04-07 Multi-Chemie AG, 8001 Zürich Abc-schutzmaske
DE3228156C2 (de) * 1982-07-28 1994-01-20 Bluecher Hubert Verwendung eines flexiblen Flächenfilters in einem Luftreinigungsgerät für Kraftfahrzeugkabinen
US4494538A (en) * 1983-04-06 1985-01-22 Figgie International Inc. Mask assembly
US4643182A (en) * 1983-04-20 1987-02-17 Max Klein Disposable protective mask
ATE30752T1 (de) * 1983-09-12 1987-11-15 American Cyanamid Co Nichtgewebter stoff mit aktivkohle.
DE3341712C2 (de) * 1983-11-18 1987-03-05 Drägerwerk AG, 2400 Lübeck Luftreinigungsmittel zur Verwendung in Luftfiltern
DE3719419A1 (de) * 1987-06-11 1988-12-29 Sandler Helmut Helsa Werke Filterpatrone fuer eine atemschutzmaske

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE635674C (de) * 1931-11-21 1936-09-21 Chem Fab Dr Hugo Stoltzenberg Atemschutzfilter mit gekoernter Filtermasse
GB896345A (en) * 1957-10-07 1962-05-16 American Air Filter Co Fluid filtering medium and method of making such medium
US4064876A (en) * 1976-01-30 1977-12-27 Stanley I. Wolf Air-pollution filter and face mask
DE3200959A1 (de) * 1982-01-14 1983-07-21 Hasso von 4000 Düsseldorf Blücher Textiler flaechenfilter
EP0118618A1 (fr) * 1983-02-09 1984-09-19 Hubert von Blücher Filtre à surface plane
EP0159696A2 (fr) * 1984-04-25 1985-10-30 Pall Corporation Structures autoportables contenant des particules de charbon immobilisées et méthode pour les former
DE3443900A1 (de) * 1984-12-01 1986-06-05 Bluecher Hubert Schutzmaterial und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
US4619948A (en) * 1985-01-07 1986-10-28 Twin Rivers Engineering Composite active filter material
EP0218348A1 (fr) * 1985-08-28 1987-04-15 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Appareils respiratoires utilisant des structures adsorbantes liées
EP0294707A2 (fr) * 1987-06-11 1988-12-14 HELSA-WERKE Helmut Sandler GmbH & Co. KG Masque de protection respiratoire

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4123262C2 (de) * 1991-07-13 2002-12-12 Illbruck Prod Anordnung für einen Filterkörper oder Katalysator
WO1996022823A1 (fr) * 1995-01-27 1996-08-01 Mine Safety Appliances Company Systeme filtrant pour masque a gaz
US7789946B2 (en) 1997-11-21 2010-09-07 Jlj Medical Devices International, Inc. Smoke evacuation system
EP1039961A2 (fr) * 1997-11-21 2000-10-04 JlJ Medical Devices, International, LLC Systeme d'evacuation de fumee
EP1039961A4 (fr) * 1997-11-21 2001-01-17 Jlj Medical Devices Int Llc Systeme d'evacuation de fumee
US7959698B2 (en) 1997-11-21 2011-06-14 Coopersurgical, Inc. Smoke evacuation system
WO2002085426A3 (fr) * 2001-04-24 2003-04-10 Ulrich Lersch Filtre respiratoire
US7101423B2 (en) * 2001-04-24 2006-09-05 Ulrich Lersch Respiratory air filter
US7331364B2 (en) 2002-04-25 2008-02-19 Avon Protection Systems, Inc. Respirator filter canisters and method of filling same
WO2003090872A1 (fr) * 2002-04-25 2003-11-06 Avon Protection Systems, Inc. Boitiers filtrants de respirateur et leur procede de remplissage
US8262782B2 (en) 2002-04-25 2012-09-11 Avon Protection Systems, Inc. Respirator filter canister
DE102011015723A1 (de) 2011-03-31 2012-10-04 Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA Sorbierendes Granulat und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines sorbierenden Granulats
US9314653B2 (en) 2011-03-31 2016-04-19 Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA Sorbing granular material and process for producing sorbing granular material
DE102011015723B4 (de) 2011-03-31 2019-09-26 Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA Sorbierendes Granulat, Verwendung und Verfahren zur Verfestigung eines sorbierenden Granulats
CN105457184A (zh) * 2015-11-18 2016-04-06 华文蔚 一种净化pm2.5的口罩滤芯
CN106422099A (zh) * 2016-11-30 2017-02-22 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 水滤减压式呼吸器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0339487A3 (fr) 1992-03-04
EP0339487B1 (fr) 1995-08-09
ATE126076T1 (de) 1995-08-15
DE3813562A1 (de) 1989-11-02
DE3813562C2 (de) 1997-11-27
DE58909375D1 (de) 1995-09-14
JPH01313069A (ja) 1989-12-18
JP2791575B2 (ja) 1998-08-27
ES2075008T3 (es) 1995-10-01

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