EP0339487A2 - Active carbon filter layer for gas masks and gas mask containing said active carbon filter layer - Google Patents

Active carbon filter layer for gas masks and gas mask containing said active carbon filter layer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0339487A2
EP0339487A2 EP89107106A EP89107106A EP0339487A2 EP 0339487 A2 EP0339487 A2 EP 0339487A2 EP 89107106 A EP89107106 A EP 89107106A EP 89107106 A EP89107106 A EP 89107106A EP 0339487 A2 EP0339487 A2 EP 0339487A2
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Prior art keywords
filter layer
layer according
activated carbon
carbon particles
fabric
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0339487A3 (en
EP0339487B1 (en
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Hasso von Blücher
Ernest Dr. De Ruiter
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B23/00—Filters for breathing-protection purposes
    • A62B23/02—Filters for breathing-protection purposes for respirators

Definitions

  • All common mask filters consist of a replaceable filter cartridge that contains at least one activated carbon filter layer.
  • Activated carbon for mask filters usually has a specific or "inner" surface determined according to the BET method from 500 to over 2000 m2 / g. It is a special property of activated carbon that it can permanently adsorb a large number of substances in its micropores, which can make up up to 50% of the total volume, very unspecifically.
  • Toxic gases such as HCN, which are only weakly bound by normal physical adsorption, can be bound with the aid of applied metal compounds, for example silver, copper or chromium, by means of a superimposed chemisorption.
  • the activated carbon filter layer of mask filters is usually designed as a bulk filter in which the medium to be cleaned flows through a fixed bed of the activated carbon particles.
  • a sufficient amount or mass of the adsorber material must be available.
  • the adsorption kinetics are proportional to the "outer" surface of the particles, so that small particles are more favorable in this respect.
  • larger activated carbon particles are often only fully used in the outer areas. These are usually already saturated - which requires an interruption and replacement of the filter cartridge - if the coal inside is only weakly loaded.
  • the use of the smallest possible particles in a bulk filter necessarily leads to a high pressure loss. In practice, the particle size is reduced by the associated pressure loss is limited.
  • Another disadvantage of bulk filters is that the activated carbon particles rub against each other, and the pulverulent coal further increases the resistance to flow.
  • the solution according to the invention is an activated carbon filter layer for gas masks, which is essentially made up of superimposed highly air-permeable flat structures with a layer of granular or spherical activated carbon particles with a diameter of 0.1 to 1 mm and the pressure loss of which is 4 cm thick with a circular cross section of 100 cm2 when flowing with an air flow of one liter per second is less than 10 mm, preferably less than 5, in particular less than 2 mm water column.
  • Sheets with attached granular or spherical activated carbon particles are known as so-called area filters. According to the teaching of the present invention, they can be modified by the person skilled in the art in such a way that they are highly permeable to air and covered with the required amount of granular or spherical activated carbon particles of the desired size, in the necessary number, when superimposed, result in an activated carbon filter of the thickness of a few centimeters customary for gas masks.
  • DE-B-28 04 154 describes a filter material made of an open-pore, flexible foam carrier and adsorber particles carried by its pore walls.
  • the adsorber grains can also be spherical and consist of activated carbon. However, their size is considerably smaller than is required for a surface filter from which a mask filter according to the invention could be produced.
  • DE-C-28 29 599 describes a multi-layer composite material for protective clothing with a non-flammable textile fabric as the outer layer, a mineral fiber layer and an inner layer made of air-permeable, heat-insulating polyurethane foam of a thickness of 2 mm, the pores of which are covered with activated carbon particles, which at least partially consist of spherical porous activated carbon bodies.
  • the foam would have to have a very open-pore structure and these pores should not be occupied by the activated carbon particles. Rather, these would have to be fixed in the correct size on the walls of the foam in order to ensure the high air permeability that surface filters require, so that they are stacked on top of one another to give a mask filter with the required low pressure loss.
  • DE-C-29 51 827 describes, inter alia, a protective material against chemical pollutants and short-term exposure to heat from an air-permeable flexible carrier layer, for example a woven fabric, scrim, knitted fabric or nonwoven fabric, on which spherical adsorber grains of one diameter are made from a solidified adhesive on at least one side of support columns are fixed from about 0.1 to 0.7.
  • an air-permeable flexible carrier layer for example a woven fabric, scrim, knitted fabric or nonwoven fabric, on which spherical adsorber grains of one diameter are made from a solidified adhesive on at least one side of support columns are fixed from about 0.1 to 0.7.
  • Such a surface filter can be useful for the purposes of the invention if granular or spherical activated carbon is selected as the adsorption grains and the support layer, for example as a mesh fabric, is made very loose and the activated carbon beads are attached in the manner described on both sides of the air-permeable support layer, which are used for the purposes the invention can be made of glass fibers or metallic fibers.
  • a surface filter In order to be useful as an activated carbon filter layer for gas masks, such a surface filter must also be highly air-permeable and provided with the required amount of activated carbon, so that it is stacked in the required number as a package Mask filter with low flow resistance with high adsorption performance results.
  • DE-A-32 00 959 discloses a textile surface filter made of a textile fabric, for example a nonwoven, a fabric or a plush, which contains fibers which become temporarily sticky at elevated temperature without melting.
  • These can be heterophilic fibers made up of two coaxially arranged components, the outer one of which has a lower enamel point or undrawn amorphous polyester fibers that become soft and sticky up to about 85 ° C without crystallizing at higher temperatures and eventually assume the thermal stability of a normal polyester fiber.
  • the fibers mentioned are temporarily sticky, granular activated carbon with a size of 0.1 to 0.5 mm can also be attached to them. In this way, in contrast to a fixation of the activated carbon on the upper and lower side of the textile fabrics, the exposed fibers can be completely covered and a correspondingly high adsorption capacity with low flow resistance can be achieved.
  • DE-A-1 279 917 describes an extractor device with an adsorption filter made of a fibrous material, on the fibers of which are coated with highly viscous glue, activated carbon grains of 0.5 to 1 mm in diameter are glued.
  • the fibers prepared in this way are contained in the known extractor device between air-permeable fabrics to form fiber mats.
  • Such a material could also be designed according to the teaching of the invention so that it can be used to produce a mask filter with the required low pressure drop and high adsorption capacity.
  • the distance of the threads, fibers, monofilaments or wires from one another should be at least twice as large as the diameter of the activated carbon particles used in each case. It is preferably about three to ten times.
  • the pores should have a diameter of 1 to 5 mm, preferably 1.5 to 2.5 mm.
  • the known flat structures or those suitable for the purposes of the invention generally have a thickness of a few millimeters, for example 1 to 5 mm. If they are made up of monofilaments, wires or threads, their diameter is preferably 0.1 to 0.8 mm.
  • the highly breathable fabrics can be flexible, but also rigid. If the granular, in particular spherical activated carbon particles are fixed to it and they are preferably completely covered with the activated carbon particles, the stiffness increases and the highly air-permeable sheet-like structures are then more than ever the activated carbon filter layer for gas masks which are relatively rigid, pressure-resistant structures.
  • the surface filters loaded with activated carbon balls or granules into elementary filters in the form of strips or chips, for example cut to the size of a few square centimeters. This means that you are completely independent of the shape of the objects to be filled and the elementary filters can be inserted into the cavities to be filled together with heterofil fibers or threads made of hot-melt adhesive. The whole can be done according to the Solidify the filling so that there is no risk of settling or abrasion as with bulk filters, even with high mechanical stress.
  • the activated carbon particles can be fixed directly to it or an adhesive is required.
  • plastic materials in particular fiber materials commercially, which have the property of initially becoming superficially sticky at an elevated temperature in a certain temperature interval without melting. This property, which could be called a built-in hot melt adhesive, can be used to fix the activated carbon particles to it, as described in detail in DE-A-32 00 959.
  • the activated carbon particles are fixed to the support structure with an adhesive. This gives the person skilled in the art more choice with regard to the material from which the carrier skeleton is constructed and the adhesive.
  • the diameter of the wires, monofilaments or threads of the surface formed is dimensioned alone or with the adhesive so that a complete covering with the activated carbon particles is possible in order to produce a filter element completely covered with the activated carbon particles in a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • both inorganic and organic adhesive systems can be used.
  • the latter include polymers, in particular acrylic acid derivatives, polyurethanes, polystyrenes, polyvinyl acetates and hot melt adhesives.
  • Adhesive systems such as e.g. The IMPRANIL® high solid PUR reactive products from BAYER® are initially highly viscous. i.e. they offer good initial adhesion when the carrier skeleton is sprinkled with the activated carbon particles.
  • the activated carbon particles must be free-flowing and wear-resistant. Their diameter is expediently three up to five times smaller than the diameter of the pores or openings of the highly air permeable surface.
  • Commercial activated carbon beads with a diameter of 0.1 to 1 mm are not only the most free-flowing shape, but also withstand the highest loads due to their symmetry.
  • Granular activated carbon particles are also suitable if they are not too angular or irregular in shape because it is important that the activated carbon particles can penetrate structures of several centimeters in thickness when they are fixed to the fabric.
  • Activated carbon particles suitable for mask filters should have an inner surface area of 600 to 2000 m 2 / g, preferably 1000 to 1600 m 2 / g, determined by the BET method.
  • the activated carbon particles should be very pressure-resistant and they are preferably highly insensitive to moisture.
  • a very abrasion-resistant spherical activated carbon can be produced, for example, from coal tar pitch or petroleum distillation residues. Additional hardening of the surface and remarkable insensitivity to moisture can be achieved through a special post-treatment.
  • suitable activated carbon beads is described for example in EP-B-118 618, DE-B-29 32 571 and DE-A-30 41 115.
  • the surface of the activated carbon can also be impregnated in a plastic dispersion or a coal tar pitch solution or bitumen solution and subjected to a slight post-activation.
  • the sensitive speed against water vapor can be significantly reduced by adding ammonia gas during the after-activation and cooling to 100 ° C in the absence of air.
  • the activated carbon particles can be impregnated with metal compounds, in particular the metals silver, copper and chromium.
  • metal compounds in particular the metals silver, copper and chromium.
  • encapsulated enzymes which break down poisons may also be present, as described in EP-B-118 618.
  • a loosened activated carbon filter layer according to the invention has a larger volume than a bulk filter with the same performance, but considerably lower flow resistance.
  • the amount of 100 g of activated carbon which is customary today for an activated carbon filter layer of a gas mask can be accommodated in a volume of about 350 ml in the support structures according to the invention.
  • the shape of the mask filter can also be adapted to a wide variety of needs.
  • the filter can be placed in a hood mask, for example around the head or in the neck accommodate and then serves as additional head or neck protection against impact.
  • the filtered air should flow past the eyes to prevent the clear windows from fogging up.
  • a plate-shaped filter can be worn on the chest or back and connected to the mask body by a flexible tube.
  • Cylindrical filter elements with a diameter of a few centimeters can also be accommodated directly in a flexible hose or can be coupled together to form a tubular structure using suitable means. Such interchangeable filter elements can also have different functions.
  • the inlet opening of the hoses containing or composed of the filter elements is expediently located on the inside of a protective suit.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
  • Preparing Plates And Mask In Photomechanical Process (AREA)

Abstract

The active carbon filter layer for gas masks is essentially composed of highly air-permeable sheet-like structures placed one on top of the other and having a layer fixed thereon and consisting of particulate or spherical active carbon particles having a diameter of 0.1 to 1 mm, and its pressure loss is less than 10 mm (water column) for a thickness of 4 cm and with a circular cross-section of 100 cm<2> when 1 l/sec of air flows through.

Description

Alle gängigen Maskenfilter bestehen aus einer auswech­selbaren Filterpatrone, die zumindest eine Aktivkohle­filterschicht enthält. Aktivkohle für Maskenfilter hat üblicherweise eine spezifische oder "innere" Oberfläche bestimmt nach der BET-Methode von 500 bis über 2000 m²/g. Es ist eine besondere Eigenschaft der Aktivkohle, daß sie in ihren Mikroporen, welche bis zu 50 % des Gesamtvolumens ausmachen können, sehr unspezi­fisch eine große Anzahl von Stoffen dauerhaft adsor­bieren kann. Toxische Gase z.B. HCN, die durch die normale physikalische Adsorption nur schwach gebunden werden, können mit Hilfe von aufgetragenen Metallver­bindungen, z.B. von Silber, Kupfer oder Chrom, durch eine überlagerte Chemiesorption gebunden werden. Die Aktivkohlefilterschicht von Maskenfiltern ist üblicherweise als Schüttfilter ausgebildet, bei denen das zu reinigende Medium ein Fixbett aus den Aktiv­kohleteilchen durchströmt. Um eine ausreichende Funktionsdauer des Filters zu gewährleisten, muß eine genügende Menge bzw. Masse des Adsorbermaterials vor­handen sein. Gleichzeitig ist aber die Adsorptions­kinetik der angebotenen "äußeren" Oberfläche der Teilchen proportional, so daß in dieser Beziehung kleine Teilchen günstiger sind. Hinzu kommt noch, daß größere Aktivkohleteilchen oft nur in den äußeren Bereichen voll genutzt werden. Diese sind meist bereits gesättigt - was eine Unterbrechung und Ersatz der Filterpatrone verlangt - wenn im Inneren die Kohle nur schwach beladen ist. Die Verwendung mög­lichst kleiner Teilchen in einem Schüttfilter führt jedoch notgedrungen zu einem hohen Druckverlust. In der Praxis wird die Teilchengröße nach unten durch den damit verbundenen Druckverlust begrenzt. Ein weiterer Nachteil von Schüttfiltern ist, daß es durch Anein­anderreiben der Aktivkohleteilchen zu Abriebser­scheinungen kommt, und daß die pulverförmige Kohle den Strömungswiderstrand noch zusätzlich erhöht.All common mask filters consist of a replaceable filter cartridge that contains at least one activated carbon filter layer. Activated carbon for mask filters usually has a specific or "inner" surface determined according to the BET method from 500 to over 2000 m² / g. It is a special property of activated carbon that it can permanently adsorb a large number of substances in its micropores, which can make up up to 50% of the total volume, very unspecifically. Toxic gases such as HCN, which are only weakly bound by normal physical adsorption, can be bound with the aid of applied metal compounds, for example silver, copper or chromium, by means of a superimposed chemisorption. The activated carbon filter layer of mask filters is usually designed as a bulk filter in which the medium to be cleaned flows through a fixed bed of the activated carbon particles. In order to ensure a sufficient service life of the filter, a sufficient amount or mass of the adsorber material must be available. At the same time, however, the adsorption kinetics are proportional to the "outer" surface of the particles, so that small particles are more favorable in this respect. In addition, larger activated carbon particles are often only fully used in the outer areas. These are usually already saturated - which requires an interruption and replacement of the filter cartridge - if the coal inside is only weakly loaded. However, the use of the smallest possible particles in a bulk filter necessarily leads to a high pressure loss. In practice, the particle size is reduced by the associated pressure loss is limited. Another disadvantage of bulk filters is that the activated carbon particles rub against each other, and the pulverulent coal further increases the resistance to flow.

Es wird allgemein die Auffassung vertreten, eine gute Filterleistung bedinge notgedrungen einen hohen Durch­gangswiderstand, weil nur dann ein guter Kontakt zwischen dem zu reinigenden Gas und den Adsorber­körnern bestünde. Um außerdem Durchbrüche über Hohl­räume auszuschließen, die durch sich absetzende Teil­chen entstehen, muß die Packung fest komprimiert sein. Damit ist ein hoher Strömungswiderstand der Aktiv­kohleschüttfilter für Gasmasken vorprogrammiert. Er bedeutet aber nicht nur eine effektive physiologische Belastung des Gasmaskenträgers, sondern verstärkt auch das Gefühlt der Beengung.It is generally believed that good filter performance necessitates high volume resistance, because only then can there be good contact between the gas to be cleaned and the adsorber particles. In order to also rule out breakthroughs through cavities caused by settling particles, the packing must be firmly compressed. A high flow resistance of the activated carbon filter for gas masks is pre-programmed. However, it not only means an effective physiological load on the gas mask wearer, but also increases the feeling of constriction.

Es ist deshalb Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Aktivkohlefilterschicht für Gasmasken, d.h. einen Maskenfilter mit geringem Strömungswiderstand bei hoher Adsorptionsleistung zu schaffen.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an activated carbon filter layer for gas masks, i.e. to create a mask filter with low flow resistance and high adsorption capacity.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung ist eine Aktivkohlefilter­schicht für Gasmasken, die im wesentlichen aus überein­andergelegten hoch luftdurchlässigen Flächengebilden mit einer daran fixierten Schicht aus körnigen oder kugelförmigen Aktivkohleteilchen eines Durchmessers von 0,1 bis 1 mm aufgebaut ist und deren Druckverlust bei einer Dicke von 4 cm mit kreisförmigem Querschnitt von 100 cm² beim Durchströmen mit einem Luftstrom von einem Liter pro Sekunde weniger als 10 mm, vorzugs­weise weniger als 5, insbesondere weniger als 2 mm Wassersäule beträgt.The solution according to the invention is an activated carbon filter layer for gas masks, which is essentially made up of superimposed highly air-permeable flat structures with a layer of granular or spherical activated carbon particles with a diameter of 0.1 to 1 mm and the pressure loss of which is 4 cm thick with a circular cross section of 100 cm² when flowing with an air flow of one liter per second is less than 10 mm, preferably less than 5, in particular less than 2 mm water column.

Flächengebilde mit daran befestigten körnigen oder kugel­förmigen Aktivkohleteilchen sind als sogenannte Flächen­filter bekannt. Sie können entsprechend der Lehre der vorliegenden Erfindung vom Fachmann so modifiziert werden, daß sie hoch luftdurchlässig und mit der er­forderlichen Menge von körnigen oder kugelförmigen Aktivkohleteilchen der gewünschten Größe bedeckt, in der notwendigen Anzahl übereinandergelegt ein Aktivkohlefilter der für Gasmasken üblichen Dicke von einigen Zentimetern ergeben.Sheets with attached granular or spherical activated carbon particles are known as so-called area filters. According to the teaching of the present invention, they can be modified by the person skilled in the art in such a way that they are highly permeable to air and covered with the required amount of granular or spherical activated carbon particles of the desired size, in the necessary number, when superimposed, result in an activated carbon filter of the thickness of a few centimeters customary for gas masks.

Mit feinteiligen Substanzen mit spezischen Schutz­oder Adsorptionseigenschaften, z.B. auch Aktivkohle beladene Flächenfilter, insbesondere textile Flächen­filter, sind bekannt. Sie sind aber nicht für Maskenfil­ter verwendet worden, weil man dafür aus den eingangs erläuterten Gründen nur Aktivkohleschüttfilter für geeignet hielt.With finely divided substances with special protective or adsorption properties, e.g. Surface filters loaded with activated carbon, in particular textile surface filters, are also known. However, they have not been used for mask filters because, for the reasons explained at the outset, only activated carbon filter was considered suitable.

In der DE-B-28 04 154 ist ein Filtermaterial aus einem offenporigen, flexiblen Schaumstoffträger und von dessen Porenwänden getragenen Adsorberpartikeln be­schrieben. Die Adsorberkörner können auch kugelig aus­gebildet sein und aus Aktivkohle bestehen. Ihre Größe ist jedoch erheblich geringer als sie für einen Flächen­filter erforderlich ist, aus dem ein erfindungsgemäßer Maskenfilter hergestellt werden könnte.DE-B-28 04 154 describes a filter material made of an open-pore, flexible foam carrier and adsorber particles carried by its pore walls. The adsorber grains can also be spherical and consist of activated carbon. However, their size is considerably smaller than is required for a surface filter from which a mask filter according to the invention could be produced.

Die DE-C-28 29 599 beschreibt einen mehrlagigen Verbund­werkstoff für Schutzbekleidung mit einem nicht ent­flammbaren Textilgewebe als Außenschicht, einer Mineral­faserschicht und einer Innenschicht aus luftdurchlässi­gem wärmedämmendem Polyurethanschaumstoff einer Dicke von 2 mm, dessen Poren mit Aktivkohleteilchen besetzt sind, die zumindest zum Teil aus kugeligen porösen Aktivkohlekörpern bestehen. Damit eine solche Schicht aus Polyurethanschaumstoff für die Zwecke der Erfin­dung brauchbar würde, müßte der Schaumstoff eine sehr offenporige Struktur aufweisen und diese Poren dürften nicht mit den Aktivkohlepartikeln besetzt sein. Diese müßten vielmehr in der richtigen Größe an den Wänden des Schaumstoffs fixiert sein, um die hohe Luftdurch­lässigkeit zu gewährleisten, die Flächenfilter erfor­dern, damit sie als Paket aufeinandergelegt einen Maskenfilter mit dem geforderten geringen Druckverlust zu ergeben.DE-C-28 29 599 describes a multi-layer composite material for protective clothing with a non-flammable textile fabric as the outer layer, a mineral fiber layer and an inner layer made of air-permeable, heat-insulating polyurethane foam of a thickness of 2 mm, the pores of which are covered with activated carbon particles, which at least partially consist of spherical porous activated carbon bodies. In order for such a layer of polyurethane foam to be useful for the purposes of the invention, the foam would have to have a very open-pore structure and these pores should not be occupied by the activated carbon particles. Rather, these would have to be fixed in the correct size on the walls of the foam in order to ensure the high air permeability that surface filters require, so that they are stacked on top of one another to give a mask filter with the required low pressure loss.

Die DE-C-29 51 827 beschreibt u.a. ein Schutzmaterial gegen chemische Schadstoffe und kurzzeitige Hitzeein­wirkung aus einer luftdurchlässigen flexiblen Träger­schicht, z.B. einem Gewebe, Gelege, Gewirke oder Vlies­stoff, auf der auf mindestens einer Seite an Tragsäulen aus einer erstarrten Haftmasse kugelige Adsorberkörner eines Durchmessern von etwa 0,1 bis 0,7 fixiert sind. Ein derartiger Flächenfilter kann für die Zwecke der Erfindung brauchbar sein, wenn man als Adsorptions­körner körnige oder kugelige Aktivkohle wählt und die Trägerschicht, z.B. als Gittergewebe sehr locker ge­staltet und die Aktivkohlekügelchen in der beschriebe­nen Weise auf beiden Seiten der luftdurchlässigen Trägerschicht anbringt, die für die Zwecke der Erfin­dung durchaus aus Glasfasern oder metallischen Fasern hergestellt sein kann. Um als Aktivkohlefilterschicht für Gasmasken brauchbar zu sein, muß auch ein solches Flächenfilter hoch luftdurchlässig und mit der erforder­lichen Menge Aktivkohle versehen sein, damit es in der erforderlichen Anzahl als Paket aufeinandergelgt einen Maskenfilter mit geringem Strömungswiderstand bei hoher Adsorptionsleistung ergibt.DE-C-29 51 827 describes, inter alia, a protective material against chemical pollutants and short-term exposure to heat from an air-permeable flexible carrier layer, for example a woven fabric, scrim, knitted fabric or nonwoven fabric, on which spherical adsorber grains of one diameter are made from a solidified adhesive on at least one side of support columns are fixed from about 0.1 to 0.7. Such a surface filter can be useful for the purposes of the invention if granular or spherical activated carbon is selected as the adsorption grains and the support layer, for example as a mesh fabric, is made very loose and the activated carbon beads are attached in the manner described on both sides of the air-permeable support layer, which are used for the purposes the invention can be made of glass fibers or metallic fibers. In order to be useful as an activated carbon filter layer for gas masks, such a surface filter must also be highly air-permeable and provided with the required amount of activated carbon, so that it is stacked in the required number as a package Mask filter with low flow resistance with high adsorption performance results.

Die Verwendung eines flexiblen Flächenfilters der DE-C-29 51 827 jedoch mit einer Trägerschicht aus Schaumstoff oder Gummihaar in einem Luftreinigungs­gerät zur Beseitigung von Geruchs- und Schadstoffen in Fahrzeugkabinen ist Gegenstand der EP-B-100 907.The use of a flexible surface filter of DE-C-29 51 827 but with a carrier layer made of foam or rubber hair in an air cleaning device for removing odors and pollutants in vehicle cabins is the subject of EP-B-100 907.

Was oben für das Material der DE-C-29 51 827 gesagt wurde, um es für die Zwecke der Erfindung brauchbar zu machen, gilt auch für das Material der EP-B-118 618, bei dem ein Flächenfilter aus einem luftdurchlässigen textilen Trägermaterial und darauf mit einem Kleber in gleichmäßiger Verteilung fixierten Aktivkohle-Teilchen eines Durchmessers von 0,1 bis 1 mm, daß ein Schmelzkle­ber, ein lösungsmittelfreies Polyurethan oder ein selbstvernetztendes Acrylat mittels einer Schablone als punkt- oder linienförmiges Muster einer Höhe von 0,05 bis 0,5 mm und eines Durchmessers bzw. einer Breite von 0,2 bis 1 mm auf ein luftdurchlässiges textiles Trägermaterial aufgedruckt ist, das nur 30 bis 70 % der Oberfläche des Trägermaterials bedeckt, In diesem aufgedruckten Kleber ist dann kugelige Aktivkohle fixiert.What was said above for the material of DE-C-29 51 827 in order to make it useful for the purposes of the invention also applies to the material of EP-B-118 618, in which a surface filter made of an air-permeable textile carrier material and thereupon with an adhesive in an even distribution fixed activated carbon particles with a diameter of 0.1 to 1 mm, that a hot melt adhesive, a solvent-free polyurethane or a self-crosslinking acrylate by means of a template as a point or line pattern with a height of 0.05 to 0, 5 mm and a diameter or a width of 0.2 to 1 mm is printed on an air-permeable textile carrier material that only covers 30 to 70% of the surface of the carrier material. Spherical activated carbon is then fixed in this printed adhesive.

Aus der DE-A-32 00 959 ist ein textiler Flächenfilter aus einem textilen Flächengebilde, z.B. einem Vlies, einem Gewebe oder einem Plüsch bekannt, der Fasern enthält, die bei erhöhter Temperatur vorübergehend klebrig werden, ohne zu schmelzen. Das können hetero­phile Fasern aus zwei koaxial angeordneten Komponenten sein, von denen die äußere einen niedrigeren Schmelz­ punkt aufweist oder unverstreckte amorphe Polyester­fasern, die bis etwa 85°C weich und klebrig werden, ohne zu schmelzen bei höheren Temperaturen kristalli­sieren und schließlich die thermische Stabilität einer normalen Polyesterfaser annehmen. Während die erwähnten Fasern vorübergehend klebrig sind, kann daran u.a. wieder auch körnige Aktivkohle einer Größe von 0,1 bis 0,5 mm fixiert werden. Damit läßt sich anders als bei einer nur punktuellen Fixierung der Aktivkohle auf der Ober- und Unterseite der textilen Flächenge­bilde eine vollständige Bedeckung der freiliegenden Fasern und eine entsprechend hohe Adsorptionsleistung bei geringem Strömungswiderstand erreichen.DE-A-32 00 959 discloses a textile surface filter made of a textile fabric, for example a nonwoven, a fabric or a plush, which contains fibers which become temporarily sticky at elevated temperature without melting. These can be heterophilic fibers made up of two coaxially arranged components, the outer one of which has a lower enamel point or undrawn amorphous polyester fibers that become soft and sticky up to about 85 ° C without crystallizing at higher temperatures and eventually assume the thermal stability of a normal polyester fiber. While the fibers mentioned are temporarily sticky, granular activated carbon with a size of 0.1 to 0.5 mm can also be attached to them. In this way, in contrast to a fixation of the activated carbon on the upper and lower side of the textile fabrics, the exposed fibers can be completely covered and a correspondingly high adsorption capacity with low flow resistance can be achieved.

Schließlich ist in der DE-A-1 279 917 eine Dunstabzugs­vorrichtung mit einem Adsorptionsfilter aus einem fa­serartigen Material beschrieben, auf dessen mit hoch­viskosem Leim überzogene Fasern Aktivkohlekörner von 0,5 bis 1 mm Durchmesser aufgeklebt sind. Die so vor­bereiteten Fasern sind in der bekannten Dunstabzugs­vorrichtung zwischen luftdurchlässigen Geweben zu Fasermatten gefaßt. Auch ein solches Material ließe sich nach der Lehre der Erfindung so gestalten, daß damit ein Maskenfilter mit dem geforderten geringen Druckverlust und hoher Adsorptionsleistung hergestellt werden kann.Finally, DE-A-1 279 917 describes an extractor device with an adsorption filter made of a fibrous material, on the fibers of which are coated with highly viscous glue, activated carbon grains of 0.5 to 1 mm in diameter are glued. The fibers prepared in this way are contained in the known extractor device between air-permeable fabrics to form fiber mats. Such a material could also be designed according to the teaching of the invention so that it can be used to produce a mask filter with the required low pressure drop and high adsorption capacity.

Bei den bekannten oder erfindungsgemäß gestalteten textilen Flächengebilden sollte der Abstand der Fäden, Fasern, Monofilamente oder Drähte voneinander wenigstens doppelt so groß sein wie der Durchmesser der jeweils verwendeten Aktivkohleteilchen. Vorzugsweise beträgt er etwa das drei- bis zehnfache. Wenn das hoch luft­durchlässige Flächengebilde aus einer offenporigen Schaumstoffschicht besteht, sollten dessen Poren einen Durchmesser von 1 bis 5 mm, vorzugsweise 1,5 bis 2,5 mm haben.In the known textile fabrics or those designed according to the invention, the distance of the threads, fibers, monofilaments or wires from one another should be at least twice as large as the diameter of the activated carbon particles used in each case. It is preferably about three to ten times. When the highly air-permeable fabric is made of an open-pore Foam layer consists, the pores should have a diameter of 1 to 5 mm, preferably 1.5 to 2.5 mm.

Die bekannten oder für die Zwecke der Erfindung in Frage kommenden Flächengebilde haben in der Regel eine Dicke von wenigen Millimetern, beispielsweise 1 bis 5 mm. Sofern sie aus Monofilamenten, Drähten oder Fäden aufgebaut sind, beträgt deren Durchmesser vorzugsweise 0,1 bis 0,8 mm.The known flat structures or those suitable for the purposes of the invention generally have a thickness of a few millimeters, for example 1 to 5 mm. If they are made up of monofilaments, wires or threads, their diameter is preferably 0.1 to 0.8 mm.

Die hoch luftdurchlässigen Flächengebilde können flexibel, aber auch starr sein. Wenn daran die kör­nigen, insbesondere kugelförmigen Aktivkohleteilchen fixiert sind und sie vorzugsweise vollständig mit den Aktivkohleteilchen bedeckt sind, erhöht sich die Steifigkeit und die hoch luftdurchlässigen Flächen­gebilde sind dann wie erst recht die daraus aufge­baute Aktivkohlefilterschicht für Gasmasken verhät­nismäßig starre, druckfeste Gebilde.The highly breathable fabrics can be flexible, but also rigid. If the granular, in particular spherical activated carbon particles are fixed to it and they are preferably completely covered with the activated carbon particles, the stiffness increases and the highly air-permeable sheet-like structures are then more than ever the activated carbon filter layer for gas masks which are relatively rigid, pressure-resistant structures.

Statt den Maskenfilter aus den aufeinandergelegten Flächenfiltern aufzubauen, wofür je nach deren Dicke und der Dicke der Aktivkohlefilterschicht der Gasmaske wenige oder viele Schichten erforderlich sind, ist es auch möglich die mit Aktivkohlekugeln oder -körnern beladenen Flächenfilter nachträglich zu Elementar­filtern in Form von Streifen oder Schnitzeln etwa von der Größe weniger Quadratzentimeter zu zerschnei­den. Damit ist man von der Form der zu füllenden Ge­genstände völlig unabhängig und die Elementarfilter können zusammen mit heterofilen Fasern oder Fäden aus Schmelzkleber in die zu füllenden Hohlräume eingebracht werden. Das ganze läßt sich nach der Füllung verfestigen, so daß auch bei hoher mechani­scher Beanspruchung kein Absetzen oder ein Abrieb wie bei Schüttfiltern zu befürchten ist.Instead of building up the mask filter from the superimposed surface filters, for which a few or many layers are required depending on their thickness and the thickness of the activated carbon filter layer of the gas mask, it is also possible to retrofit the surface filters loaded with activated carbon balls or granules into elementary filters in the form of strips or chips, for example cut to the size of a few square centimeters. This means that you are completely independent of the shape of the objects to be filled and the elementary filters can be inserted into the cavities to be filled together with heterofil fibers or threads made of hot-melt adhesive. The whole can be done according to the Solidify the filling so that there is no risk of settling or abrasion as with bulk filters, even with high mechanical stress.

Je nach dem Material, aus dem das Trägergerüst aufge­baut ist, können die Aktivkohleteilchen daran direkt fixiert werden oder es bedarf dazu einer Haftmasse. Es sind Kunststoffmaterialien, insbesondere Fasermate­rialien im Handel, die die Eigenschaft besitzen, bei einer erhöhten Temperatur in einem bestimmten Temperatur­intervall zunächst oberflächlich klebrig zu werden, ohne zu Schmelzen. Diese Eigenschaft, die man als eingebauten Schmelzkleber bezeichnen könnte, kann ausgenutzt werden, um die Aktivkohleteilchen daran zu fixieren, wie das im einzelnen in der DE-A-32 00 959 beschrieben ist.Depending on the material from which the support structure is built, the activated carbon particles can be fixed directly to it or an adhesive is required. There are plastic materials, in particular fiber materials commercially, which have the property of initially becoming superficially sticky at an elevated temperature in a certain temperature interval without melting. This property, which could be called a built-in hot melt adhesive, can be used to fix the activated carbon particles to it, as described in detail in DE-A-32 00 959.

Eine andere, für die Zwecke der Erfindung bevorzugte, Möglichkeit besteht darin, daß die Aktivkohleteilchen mit einer Haftmasse an dem Trägergerüst fixiert werden. Damit hat der Fachmann mehr Auswahl bezüglich des Materials, aus dem das Trägerskelett aufgebaut ist, sowie hinsichtlich der Haftmasse.Another possibility, preferred for the purposes of the invention, is that the activated carbon particles are fixed to the support structure with an adhesive. This gives the person skilled in the art more choice with regard to the material from which the carrier skeleton is constructed and the adhesive.

Bei den beiden Möglichkeiten wird der Durchmesser der Drähte, Monofilamente oder Fäden des Flächengebildet allein oder mit der Haftmasse so bemessen, daß eine vollständige Umhüllung mit den Aktivkohleteilchen möglich ist um in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ein vollständig mit den Aktivkohleteil­chen bedecktes Filterelement, zu erzeugen.With the two possibilities, the diameter of the wires, monofilaments or threads of the surface formed is dimensioned alone or with the adhesive so that a complete covering with the activated carbon particles is possible in order to produce a filter element completely covered with the activated carbon particles in a preferred embodiment of the invention.

Um die Aktivkohleteilchen am Träger zu fixieren, können sowohl anorganische als organische Haftsysteme eingesetzt werden. Zu letzteren gehören Polymere, insbesondere Acrylsäurederivate, Polyurethane, Poly­styrole, Polyvinylacetate sowie Schmelzkleber. Bevor­zugt werden Haftmassen, die aus vernetzbaren Polymeren bestehen, die vor ihrer Vernetzung ein Viskositäts­minimum durchlaufen. Derartige Haftsysteme wie z.B. die IMPRANIL®- High-Solid-PUR-Reaktivprodukte von BAYER® sind zunächst hoch viskos. d.h. sie bieten eine gute Anfangshaftung, wenn das Trägerskelett mit den Aktivkohleteilchen bestreut wird. Mit der Tempe­raturerhöhung zeigen sie einen starken Viskositäts­abfall, der eine bessere Benetzung des Aktivkohle­teilchen und damit nach dem Aushärten durch Vernetzung eine besonders gute Haftung zur Folge hat. Während das Viskositätsminimum durchlaufen wird, bilden sich an den Kontaktstellen zwischen Trägergerüst und Aktiv­kohleteilchen infolge der Kapillarkräfte kleine Einschnürungen. Wegen der praktisch punktförmigen Fixierung der Aktivkohlekügelchen ist nach dem Aus­härten fast deren gesamte Oberfläche dem zu reinigen­den Gas zugänglich. Wenn das hoch luftdurchlässige Flächengebilde aus Glas-, Metall- oder Kohlefasern besteht, kann man Haftmassen aus Emaille oder Glasuren verwenden, wobei wegen der zum Schmelzen dieser Überzüge benötigten hohen Temperaturen in inerter Atmosphäre gearbeitet werden muß, damit die Aktiv­kohleteilchen nicht durch Oxidation in ihrer Wirkung beeinträchtigt oder gar zerstört werden.In order to fix the activated carbon particles to the carrier, both inorganic and organic adhesive systems can be used. The latter include polymers, in particular acrylic acid derivatives, polyurethanes, polystyrenes, polyvinyl acetates and hot melt adhesives. Preference is given to adhesive compositions which consist of crosslinkable polymers which undergo a minimum viscosity before they are crosslinked. Adhesive systems such as e.g. The IMPRANIL® high solid PUR reactive products from BAYER® are initially highly viscous. i.e. they offer good initial adhesion when the carrier skeleton is sprinkled with the activated carbon particles. With the increase in temperature, they show a sharp drop in viscosity, which results in better wetting of the activated carbon particles and thus, after curing by crosslinking, particularly good adhesion. As the viscosity minimum is passed through, small constrictions form at the contact points between the support structure and activated carbon particles as a result of the capillary forces. Due to the practically punctiform fixation of the activated carbon beads, almost their entire surface is accessible to the gas to be cleaned after curing. If the highly air-permeable sheet is made of glass, metal or carbon fibers, one can use adhesive materials made from enamel or glazes, whereby, because of the high temperatures required to melt these coatings, an inert atmosphere has to be used to prevent the activated carbon particles from being oxidized impaired or even destroyed.

Die Aktivkohleteilchen müssen rieselfähig und abrieb­fest sein. Ihr Durchmesser ist zweckmäßigerweise drei­ bis fünfmal kleiner als der Durchmesser der Poren oder Öffnungen des hochluftdurchlässigen Flächengebildet. Handelsübliche Aktivkohlekügelchen eines Durchmessers von 0,1 bis 1 mm sind nicht nur die rieselfähigste Form, sondern halten aufgrund ihrer Symmetrie auch höchste Belastungen aus. Körnige Aktivkohleteilchen sind aber auch noch geeignet, sofern sie nicht zu kantig oder in der Form zu unregelmäßig sind, weil es darauf ankommt, daß die Aktivkohleteilchen bei ihrer Fixierung am Flächengebilde auch noch in Strukturen von mehreren Zentimetern Dicke eindringen können.The activated carbon particles must be free-flowing and wear-resistant. Their diameter is expediently three up to five times smaller than the diameter of the pores or openings of the highly air permeable surface. Commercial activated carbon beads with a diameter of 0.1 to 1 mm are not only the most free-flowing shape, but also withstand the highest loads due to their symmetry. Granular activated carbon particles are also suitable if they are not too angular or irregular in shape because it is important that the activated carbon particles can penetrate structures of several centimeters in thickness when they are fixed to the fabric.

Für Maskenfilter geeignete Aktivkohleteilchen sollen eine innere Oberfläche von 600 bis 2000 m²/g, vor­zugsweise 1000 bis 1600 m²/g bestimmt nach der BET-Methode haben. Die Aktivkohleteilchen sollten sehr druckfest sein und sie sind vorzugsweise gegenüber Feuchtigkeit hochgradig unempfindlich. Eine sehr abriebfeste kugelförmige Aktivkohle läßt sich bei­spielsweise aus Steinkohlenteerpech- oder Petroleum­destillationsrückständen herstellen. Durch eine besondere Nachbehandlung ist eine zusätzliche Härtung der Oberfläche sowie eine bemerkenswerte Unempfind­lichkeit gegenüber Feuchtigkeit zu erreichen. Die Herstellung geeigneter Aktivkohlekügelchen ist bei­spielsweise in EP-B-118 618, DE-B-29 32 571 und DE-A-30 41 115 beschrieben.Activated carbon particles suitable for mask filters should have an inner surface area of 600 to 2000 m 2 / g, preferably 1000 to 1600 m 2 / g, determined by the BET method. The activated carbon particles should be very pressure-resistant and they are preferably highly insensitive to moisture. A very abrasion-resistant spherical activated carbon can be produced, for example, from coal tar pitch or petroleum distillation residues. Additional hardening of the surface and remarkable insensitivity to moisture can be achieved through a special post-treatment. The production of suitable activated carbon beads is described for example in EP-B-118 618, DE-B-29 32 571 and DE-A-30 41 115.

Um die Abriebfestigkeit zu erhöhen, kann die Aktiv­kohle an ihrer Oberfläche auch in einer Kunststoff­dispersion oder einer Steinkohlenteerpechlösung bzw. Bitumenlösung imprägniert und einer leichten Nachaktivierung unterworfen werden. Die Empfindlich­ keit gegenüber Wasserdampf läßt sich durch Zugabe von Ammoniakgas während der Nachaktivierung und Abkühlung auf 100°C unter Luftausschluß wesentlich herabsetzen.In order to increase the abrasion resistance, the surface of the activated carbon can also be impregnated in a plastic dispersion or a coal tar pitch solution or bitumen solution and subjected to a slight post-activation. The sensitive speed against water vapor can be significantly reduced by adding ammonia gas during the after-activation and cooling to 100 ° C in the absence of air.

Die Aktivkohleteilchen können mit Metallverbindungen, insbesondere der Metalle Silber, Kupfer und Chrom imprägniert sein. Daneben können auch Gifte abbauende inkapsulierte Enzyme vorliegen, wie sie in der EP-B-118 618 beschrieben sind.The activated carbon particles can be impregnated with metal compounds, in particular the metals silver, copper and chromium. In addition, encapsulated enzymes which break down poisons may also be present, as described in EP-B-118 618.

Mit den beschriebenen Filtern wurden ausgezeichnete Abscheidungseffekte von Schadstoffen und Gasen bei extrem niedrigen Druckverlusten erzielt. Es hat sich nämlich überraschenderweise gezeigt, daß die Aktivkohle­körner für eine hohe Wirksamkeit bei geringem Druckver­lust nicht durchströmt, sondern nur angeströmt zu werden brauchen. Die Brown'sche Bewegung der Gasmole­küle genügt, um eine hohe Adsorptionsgeschwindigkeit zu erzielen. Eine aufgelockerte Aktivkohlefilterschicht gemäß der Erfindung hat ein größeres Volumen als ein Schüttfilter bei gleicher Leistung, aber erheblich geringerem Strömungswiderstand. Die heute für Aktiv­kohlefilterschicht einer Gasmaske übliche Menge von 100 g Aktivkohle kann bei den erfindungsgemäßen Trägerstrukturen in einem Volumen von etwa 350 ml untergebracht werden.With the filters described, excellent separation effects of pollutants and gases were achieved with extremely low pressure drops. Surprisingly, it has been shown that the activated carbon grains do not have to be flowed through for high effectiveness with little pressure loss, but only need to be flowed through. Brownian motion of the gas molecules is sufficient to achieve a high adsorption rate. A loosened activated carbon filter layer according to the invention has a larger volume than a bulk filter with the same performance, but considerably lower flow resistance. The amount of 100 g of activated carbon which is customary today for an activated carbon filter layer of a gas mask can be accommodated in a volume of about 350 ml in the support structures according to the invention.

Wegen der vielfältigen Möglichkeiten der Formgebung des erfindungsgemäßen Filtermaterials kann auch die Form des Maskenfilters den verschiedensten Bedürfnis­sen angepaßt werden. So läßt sich der Filter durchaus in einer Haubenmaske, z.B. um den Kopf oder im Nacken unterbringen und dient dann als zusätzlicher Kopf- bzw. Nackenschutz gegen Stöße. Dabei sollte die gefilterte Luft an den Augen vorbeiströmen, um das Beschlagen der Klarscheiben des Augenfensters zu vermeiden. Ein plattenförmiger Filter kann auf der Brust oder dem Rücken getragen und mit dem Masken­körper durch einen flexiblen Schlauch verbunden sein. Zylindrische Filterelemente mit einem Durchmesser von einigen Zentimetern können auch direkt in einem flexiblen Schlauch untergebracht werden oder mit geeigneten Mitteln zu einem schlauchförmigen Gebilde zusammengekoppelt werden. Solche auswechselbaren Filterelemente können auch unterschiedliche Funktionen haben. Die Eintrittsöffnung der die Filterelemente enthaltenden oder daraus zusammengesetzten Schläuche befindet sich zweckmäßig auf der Innenseite eines Schutzanzuges.Because of the diverse possibilities of shaping the filter material according to the invention, the shape of the mask filter can also be adapted to a wide variety of needs. The filter can be placed in a hood mask, for example around the head or in the neck accommodate and then serves as additional head or neck protection against impact. The filtered air should flow past the eyes to prevent the clear windows from fogging up. A plate-shaped filter can be worn on the chest or back and connected to the mask body by a flexible tube. Cylindrical filter elements with a diameter of a few centimeters can also be accommodated directly in a flexible hose or can be coupled together to form a tubular structure using suitable means. Such interchangeable filter elements can also have different functions. The inlet opening of the hoses containing or composed of the filter elements is expediently located on the inside of a protective suit.

Claims (25)

1. Aktivkohlefilterschicht für Gasmasken, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie im wesentlichen aus übereinandergelegten hochluftdurchlässigen Flächengebilden mit einer daran fixierten Schicht aus körnigen oder kugelförmigen Aktivkohleteilchen eines Durchmessers von 0,1 bis 1 mm aufgebaut ist, und daß ihr Druckverlust bei einer Dicke von 4 cm mit kreisförmigem Querschnitt von 100 cm² bei Durchströmen mit einem Luftstrom von 1 l/sec weniger als 10 mm Wassersäule beträgt.1. Activated carbon filter layer for gas masks, characterized in that it is composed essentially of superimposed, highly air-permeable flat structures with an attached layer of granular or spherical activated carbon particles with a diameter of 0.1 to 1 mm, and that their pressure loss with a thickness of 4 cm circular cross-section of 100 cm² when flowing with an air flow of 1 l / sec is less than 10 mm water column. 2. Filterschicht nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß das Flächengebilde aus einer hoch­luftdurchlässigen Schaumstoffschicht besteht.2. Filter layer according to claim 1, characterized in that the fabric consists of a highly air-permeable foam layer. 3. Filterschicht nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß das Flächengebilde aus faserartigem Material oder Gummihaar besteht.3. Filter layer according to claim 1, characterized in that the fabric consists of fibrous material or rubber hair. 4. Filterschicht nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß das Flächengebilde ein textiles Flächengebilde ist.4. Filter layer according to claim 1, characterized in that the fabric is a textile fabric. 5. Filterschicht nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß das textile Flächengebilde ein Vlies ist.5. Filter layer according to claim 4, characterized in that the textile fabric is a fleece. 6. Filterschicht nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß das textile Flächengebilde ein Gewebe oder ein Plüsch ist.6. Filter layer according to claim 4, characterized in that the textile fabric is a fabric or a plush. 7. Filterschicht nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das textile Flächen­gebilde Fasern enthält, die bei erhöhter Tempe­ratur vorübergehend klebrig werden, ohne zu schmelzen.7. Filter layer according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the textile fabric contains fibers which become temporarily sticky at elevated temperature without melting. 8. Filterschicht nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Fasern heterofile Fasern aus zwei koaxial angeordneten Komponenten sind, von denen die äußere einen niedrigeren Schmelzpunkt aufweist.8. Filter layer according to claim 7, characterized in that the fibers are heterofil fibers made of two coaxially arranged components, of which the outer has a lower melting point. 9. Filterschicht nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Fasern unverstreckte amorphe Polyesterfasern sind, die bis etwa 85°C weich und klebrig werden.9. Filter layer according to claim 7, characterized in that the fibers are undrawn amorphous polyester fibers which become soft and sticky up to about 85 ° C. 10. Filterschicht nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Öffnungen oder Poren des Flächengebildes einen Durchmesser von 1 bis 5 mm, vorzugsweise 1,5 bis 2,5 mm haben.10. Filter layer according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the openings or pores of the fabric have a diameter of 1 to 5 mm, preferably 1.5 to 2.5 mm. 11. Filterschicht nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Flächengebilde vollständig mit den Aktivkohleteilchen bedeckt ist.11. Filter layer according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the fabric is completely covered with the activated carbon particles. 12. Filterschicht nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Aktivkohleteilchen mit einer Haftmasse an dem Trägergerüst fixiert sind.12. Filter layer according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the activated carbon particles are fixed with an adhesive to the support frame. 13. Filterschicht nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Haftmasse aus Polymeren, insbesondere Acrylsäurederivaten, Polyurethanen, Polystyrolen, Polyvinylacetaten oder Schmelzklebern besteht.13. Filter layer according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the adhesive consists of polymers, in particular acrylic acid derivatives, polyurethanes, polystyrenes, polyvinyl acetates or hot melt adhesives. 14. Filterschicht nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Haftmasse aus vernetzbaren Polymeren besteht, welche vor ihrer Vernetzung ein Viskositätsminimum durchlaufen.14. Filter layer according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the adhesive consists of crosslinkable polymers which undergo a minimum viscosity before their crosslinking. 15. Filterschicht nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß 50 bis 300 g Aktiv­kohle pro Liter vorliegen.15. Filter layer according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that 50 to 300 g of activated carbon are present per liter. 16. Filterschicht nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Aktivkohleteilchen sehr druckfest sind.16. Filter layer according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the activated carbon particles are very pressure-resistant. 17. Filterschicht nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Aktivkohleteilchen gegenüber Feuchtigkeit hochgradig unempfindlich sind.17. Filter layer according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the activated carbon particles are highly insensitive to moisture. 18. Filterschicht nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Aktivkohleteilchen mit Metallverbindungen, insbesondere der Metalle Silber, Kupfer und Chrom imprägniert sind.18. Filter layer according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the activated carbon particles are impregnated with metal compounds, in particular the metals silver, copper and chromium. 19. Filterschicht nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß neben den Aktivkohle­teilchen inkapsulierte Enzyme vorliegen.19. Filter layer according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that encapsulated enzymes are present in addition to the activated carbon particles. 20. Filterschicht nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Druckverlust einer Filterschicht einer Dicke von 4 cm mit einem kreisförmigem Querschnitt von 100 cm1² bei Durch­strömen mit einem Luftstrom von 1 l/sec weniger als 5, vorzugsweise weniger als 2 mm Wassersäule beträgt.20. Filter layer according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the pressure loss of a filter layer of a thickness of 4 cm with a circular cross section of 100 cm1² when flowing through with an air flow of 1 l / sec less than 5, preferably less than 2 mm Water column is. 21. Haubenmaske, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine Filterschicht nach einem oder mehreren der An­sprüche 1 bis 20 enthält.21. Hood mask, characterized in that it contains a filter layer according to one or more of claims 1 to 20. 22. Haubenmaske nach Anspruch 21, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Filterschicht als Kopf- oder Nackenschutz ausgebildet ist.22. Hood mask according to claim 21, characterized in that the filter layer is designed as a head or neck protection. 23. Gasmaske, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Filter­schicht nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 20 plattenförmig ausgebildet ist, so daß sie auf der Brust oder dem Rücken getragen werden kann und mit dem Maskenkörper durch einen flexiblen Schlauch verbunden ist.23. Gas mask, characterized in that the filter layer is plate-shaped according to one or more of claims 1 to 20, so that it can be worn on the chest or the back and is connected to the mask body by a flexible hose. 24. Gasmaske, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zylindrische Filterelemente nach einem oder mehreren der An­sprüche 1 bis 20 mit einem Durchmesser von einigen Zentimetern in einem flexiblen Schlauch angeordnet sind.24. Gas mask, characterized in that cylindrical filter elements are arranged according to one or more of claims 1 to 20 with a diameter of a few centimeters in a flexible hose. 25. Gasmaske, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auswechsel­bare, vorzugsweise zylindrische, Filterelemente, die unterschiedliche Funktionen haben können, zu einem Schlauch zusammengefügt sind.25. Gas mask, characterized in that interchangeable, preferably cylindrical, filter elements, which can have different functions, are assembled into a hose.
EP89107106A 1988-04-22 1989-04-20 Active carbon filter layer for gas masks and gas mask containing said active carbon filter layer Revoked EP0339487B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3813562A DE3813562C2 (en) 1988-04-22 1988-04-22 Activated carbon filter layer for gas masks
DE3813562 1988-04-22

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0339487A2 true EP0339487A2 (en) 1989-11-02
EP0339487A3 EP0339487A3 (en) 1992-03-04
EP0339487B1 EP0339487B1 (en) 1995-08-09

Family

ID=6352627

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89107106A Revoked EP0339487B1 (en) 1988-04-22 1989-04-20 Active carbon filter layer for gas masks and gas mask containing said active carbon filter layer

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0339487B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2791575B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE126076T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3813562C2 (en)
ES (1) ES2075008T3 (en)

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EP1039961A2 (en) * 1997-11-21 2000-10-04 JlJ Medical Devices, International, LLC Smoke evacuation system
DE4123262C2 (en) * 1991-07-13 2002-12-12 Illbruck Prod Arrangement for a filter body or catalyst
WO2002085426A3 (en) * 2001-04-24 2003-04-10 Ulrich Lersch Respiratory air filter
WO2003090872A1 (en) * 2002-04-25 2003-11-06 Avon Protection Systems, Inc. Respirator filter canisters and method of filling same
DE102011015723A1 (en) 2011-03-31 2012-10-04 Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA Sorbent granules and process for producing sorbent granules
CN105457184A (en) * 2015-11-18 2016-04-06 华文蔚 Mask filter element for purifying PM2.5
CN106422099A (en) * 2016-11-30 2017-02-22 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 Water-filter decompression type respirator

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DE4123262C2 (en) * 1991-07-13 2002-12-12 Illbruck Prod Arrangement for a filter body or catalyst
WO1996022823A1 (en) * 1995-01-27 1996-08-01 Mine Safety Appliances Company Respirator filter system
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EP1039961A2 (en) * 1997-11-21 2000-10-04 JlJ Medical Devices, International, LLC Smoke evacuation system
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CN105457184A (en) * 2015-11-18 2016-04-06 华文蔚 Mask filter element for purifying PM2.5
CN106422099A (en) * 2016-11-30 2017-02-22 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 Water-filter decompression type respirator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH01313069A (en) 1989-12-18
EP0339487A3 (en) 1992-03-04
ATE126076T1 (en) 1995-08-15
JP2791575B2 (en) 1998-08-27
DE3813562A1 (en) 1989-11-02
DE3813562C2 (en) 1997-11-27
DE58909375D1 (en) 1995-09-14
EP0339487B1 (en) 1995-08-09
ES2075008T3 (en) 1995-10-01

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