EP0321914A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abscheiden von Staub aus Heissgasen - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abscheiden von Staub aus Heissgasen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0321914A1
EP0321914A1 EP88121265A EP88121265A EP0321914A1 EP 0321914 A1 EP0321914 A1 EP 0321914A1 EP 88121265 A EP88121265 A EP 88121265A EP 88121265 A EP88121265 A EP 88121265A EP 0321914 A1 EP0321914 A1 EP 0321914A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter material
dust
layers
hot gases
fill
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88121265A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Heribert Dipl.-Ing. Rothkegel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
C Deilmann AG
Original Assignee
C Deilmann AG
C Deilmann AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by C Deilmann AG, C Deilmann AG filed Critical C Deilmann AG
Publication of EP0321914A1 publication Critical patent/EP0321914A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/30—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using loose filtering material
    • B01D46/32—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using loose filtering material the material moving during filtering
    • B01D46/34—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using loose filtering material the material moving during filtering not horizontally, e.g. using shoots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2273/00—Operation of filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D2273/20—High temperature filtration

Definitions

  • the invention relates on the one hand to a method for separating dust, in particular very fine dust, from hot gases according to the features in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention is directed to a device for separating dust, in particular very fine dust, from hot gases in accordance with the features in the preamble of claim 6.
  • the invention has for its object to provide both a method and an apparatus for separating dust, especially very fine dust, from hot gases, according to which hot gases with temperatures up to 1200 ° C and more are cleaned at the respective temperature level and thus cleaned directly the process engineering Further processing can be fed.
  • This process now allows for the first time to reduce hot dust-laden hot gases down to around 1200 ° C and more down to residual dust contents of well below 10 mg / Nm3, whereby the temperature level is almost maintained during dust removal and relevant pressure losses are avoided. Consequently, dedusted hot gases can be fed directly to the further processing in this way, without having to make any special process engineering efforts.
  • the hot gases laden with dust are first led through a gas-permeable baffle with an inflow surface that is larger than the cross section of the inflow line. Coarser particles are then primarily deposited on this baffle. B. can fall into a dust and ash collector. This pre-separation of a larger (coarser) part of the dust contained in the hot gases relieves the pressure on the fill layers.
  • the hot gases flow through at least two fill layers of small thickness made of high-temperature resistant, low-abrasion and regenerable filter material.
  • the very fine dust is deposited on this filter material and is moved together with the filter material at such a speed across the hot gas flow that a very sensitive control of the pressure losses in the hot gas flow by selectively pulling off the dust-laden filter material at the lower end of the individual fill layers and adding regenerated filter material on the head side the fill layers is possible.
  • a high dedusting capacity is ensured, and extremely changing dust loads of the hot gases can also be flexibly taken into account due to the process. Dust surges in the hot gas stream can be avoided with certainty.
  • the at least two-stage filtration of the hot gases in the fill layers allows optimal use of the active surfaces of the filter material with the targeted use of its physical properties, which change with different temperature levels. At the same time, the formation of channels in the filter material through which hot gas can break through is avoided.
  • the method according to the invention also allows a large variation of the hot gas volume flow and its pressure ratios not only at extremely low, but also at very high flow rates.
  • the fill layer thickness, the grain size distribution of the filter material, its roughness and the pressure loss also have a decisive influence on the filtering capacity. Since the pressure loss is a direct function of the thickness of a packed bed and this layer thickness in turn also determines the filtering capacity, it is of particular importance in the process according to the invention. With a layer thickness of approximately 110 mm, there is an optimum between the pressure loss and the filtering capacity. Here, internal measurements have shown that the pressure loss of a fill layer not loaded with dust is only about 10 mm WS.
  • the pressure loss during the dedusting process can be finely regulated by pulling off loaded filter material while simultaneously supplying regenerated filter material. Since the If the bulk pressure loss of a fill layer that has not yet been subjected to dust is determined by the particle size distribution of the filter material, the particle size of the filter materials should not be too large and not too small in order not to produce a disproportionate pressure loss on the one hand with constant filtering capacity and on the other hand not to result in constant pressure loss to achieve the opposite effect.
  • Another criterion for the filtering ability is the roughness of the filter material in addition to the mineralurgical nature.
  • a high surface roughness together with the different physical properties of the filter material depending on the temperature guarantee better adhesion of the dust, whereby the temperature resistance of the filter material ensures high filtration and gas temperatures.
  • Different dust loads of the hot gases can be taken into account via the number of bed layers.
  • the features of claim 2 ensure a high level of dust removal with continuous filtering, dust accumulations on the individual bed layer and in the filter material being avoided, consequently no pressure losses can result from this.
  • the highly dust-contaminated layers of the bed layer can always be subtracted primarily through a targeted selective movement of individual sub-layers of the bed layers, and an optimal degree of dust removal of the entire layer can thus always be achieved without a dust penetration being able to occur despite the loosening necessary for the movement of the filter material.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to operate the dedusting of the hot gases both under atmospheric conditions (claim 4) and under pressure (claim 5). Reducing or oxidizing atmospheres are conceivable.
  • the process is also suitable for the dedusting of hot gases loaded with condensable components.
  • At least two filler layers of small thickness are arranged one behind the other following a gas-permeable baffle that serves to pre-separate primarily coarser particles.
  • the fill layers are held between perforated walls and consist of a high-temperature resistant, low-abrasion and regenerable filter material.
  • this filter material is drawn off from the fill layers so selectively with the help of suitable extraction devices that low pressure losses can always be set in the fill layers.
  • devices for constant monitoring of the temperatures and pressures in the filter system as well as the volume determination of the hot gases and the level measurement of the filter material can be provided.
  • the dust-laden filter material is cleaned below the extraction devices and then added to it again in regenerated form above the fill layers.
  • the feed and discharge devices as well as the overall system are designed to be gas-tight.
  • the invention makes it possible to design the dedusting device in a symmetrical modular construction. As a result, it can be used with basically any scale-up, both in battery construction and in single and twin systems for the most diverse applications of hot gas dedusting. Among other things, it is conceivable in this context that this device can also be used for adsorptive or absorptive gas cleaning and gas separation tasks if appropriate materials are used.
  • the removal of the dust-laden filter material and the re-application of the regenerated filter material can be carried out either continuously or batchwise.
  • perforation walls of the fill layers can run in a non-curved plane and parallel to one another (claim 7).
  • arched design is also conceivable in accordance with the features of claim 8.
  • the features of claim 9 allow proper guidance of the filter material within the fill layers and also allow it. that a uniformly distributed, dedusted hot gas stream can pass unhindered through the essentially horizontally extending slot-like openings formed between the lamellae and hit the fill layers evenly distributed.
  • the respective gas flow conditions can be taken into account in a targeted manner.
  • the flow cross-section of the fill layers can be square, rectangular or circular in accordance with the features of claim 11.
  • the housing surrounding the fill layers is then designed accordingly.
  • the housing enclosing the filling layers is encapsulated in a gas-tight manner in accordance with the features of claim 12 and, including the auxiliary units, is fully thermally insulated.
  • the housing In the case of square or rectangular inflow cross sections of the fill layers, it is expedient according to claim 13 that the housing then has pyramid-shaped or conical gas inlet and gas outlet nozzles.
  • the cross section of these nozzles can be designed differently depending on the hot gas flow to be carried through and dedusted or on the cleaned, ie dedusted clean gas flow to be forwarded for its further processing.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention consists in the features of claim 15.
  • Basalt combines almost all positive criteria that are placed on a filter material for hot gas dedusting. Its surface roughness and thermophysical properties guarantee that the dust adheres: its heat resistance allows high gas temperatures and its grain size distribution within the bed layers allows sensitive control of the pressure loss. Basalt is also cheap and commercially available in the desired grain size. Beyond that it is easy to get rid of dust, that is, to regenerate it. In addition, it has the further advantageous property that it can be used both in oxidizing and in reducing atmospheres.
  • the optimum grain size for the basalt filter material has been found to be 0.8 mm to 1.6 mm in internal tests according to claim 16. With grain sizes ⁇ 0.8 mm, the filtering capacity is constant, but the pressure loss increases disproportionately. For grain sizes> 1.6 mm, the reverse observation must be made.
  • any systems can be used for the extraction devices, which are effective, in particular via servomotors, under the controlling and regulating influence of devices for constant monitoring of the temperatures and pressures in the system and the volume determination of the hot gases or the fill level measurement of the filter material are.
  • the filter material can be moved transversely to the hot gas flow in each bed layer, if necessary by deliberate removal of partial layers in at least one bed layer, then regenerated and added to the bed layers again at the top in the state freed from dust. In this way the occurrence of dust accumulations in front of and in the filtering material can be avoided and the resulting pressure losses can be prevented.
  • the extraction devices are preferably followed by an encapsulated screening machine.
  • This screening machine can achieve the expected screening performance even at high temperatures and can be cooled if necessary in order to be able to regenerate the filter material properly and without problems.
  • Other suitable regeneration systems for the filter material are also conceivable.
  • the dust and ash collecting container according to claim 20 is used to collect, bunker and discharge the dust particle masses of the fill layers. However, according to claim 21, it can also serve to accommodate the dust particles excreted on the baffle. Of course, it is conceivable that a separate ash container can also be provided for these pre-separated dust particles.
  • the invention provides a buffer bunker between the regeneration system or the ash collecting container and a vertical conveyor.
  • This buffer bunker can be used to compensate for the regenerated filter material between the regeneration system and the vertical conveyor.
  • a bucket elevator that works without problems in higher temperature ranges can be used as the vertical conveyor.
  • a loading hopper connected to the vertical conveyor is arranged above the fill layers.
  • This loading bunker can be assigned, for example, a discharge device, a connecting chute and a cellular wheel sluice or another suitable system for the entry of the regenerated fresh mineral filter material into the fill layers.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to arrange cooling devices for cooling the hot gas flow in the spaces free of filter material or in the gas outlet space.
  • This can, for example, in the case of dedusting drier, i.e. H. condensate-free hot gases can be of particular advantage if these gases are not at the high temperature level of a combustion chamber or a gas turbine, but at a lower temperature level, e.g. B. an internal combustion engine or a combined heat and power plant with below 40 ° C.
  • Such cooling devices can, however, also be arranged below the extraction devices, where they then serve to cool the discharged filter material (claim 25).
  • the cooling devices can advantageously be designed as a heat exchanger and thus take on an additional function in the form of heat recovery.
  • a hot gas duct 2 with a rectangular cross section is provided in approximately horizontal extent.
  • the hot gas duct 2 has pyramid-shaped gas inlet and gas outlet connections 3, 4, which are connected to the raw gas line 5 and the clean gas line 6, respectively.
  • sensors 7 for measuring the Pressure are, in addition to other measuring devices not shown in the drawing, sensors 7 for measuring the Pressure provided.
  • the sensors 7 are coupled to a central control and regulating unit of the system, which is not illustrated in any more detail.
  • the cross section and shape of the gas inlet and gas outlet connections 3, 4 can, if necessary, be changeable.
  • baffle wall 8 made of steel or ceramic lamellae 9 arranged at a parallel distance above one another is provided.
  • the inclination of the slats 9 is approximately 75 °. They are also arranged so that the upper edge 10 of each slat 9 is higher than the lower edge 11 of the adjacent higher slat 9. The inclination, distance and coverage of the slats 9 can be changed.
  • the fill layers A, B, C consist of a filter material 12 made of basalt with a grain size between 0.8 mm and 1.6 mm.
  • the fill layers A, B, C are delimited by lamella walls 13, the lamellae 14 of which, like the lamellae 9 of the baffle wall 8, are made of steel or ceramic and are arranged at an angle of 75 °.
  • the upper edges 15 of the slats 14 are provided higher than the lower edges 16 of the respectively adjacent higher slats 14. The inclination, the distance and the coverage width of the slats 14 can also be changed.
  • the inflow cross section of the lamella walls 13 is approximately 0.5 m2. This allows a hot gas flow of approximately 1260 m3 / h can be enforced without any problems.
  • a loading hopper 17 is provided as part of the thermally insulated housing 1.
  • Sensors 18 are arranged to determine the different temperatures or the fill level. These sensors 18 are also connected to the central control and regulating unit of the system, to which the sensors 7 are also connected.
  • a cellular wheel sluice 19 or other allocation devices and a filling funnel 20 can be provided.
  • a line 21 for fresh filter material and a line 22 for regenerated filter material open into the filling funnel 20 and are transported upwards by a small bucket elevator 23 from a buffer bunker 24 below the fill layers A, B, C or a screening machine 27.
  • extraction devices 25 are arranged which, depending on the dust load of the filter material 12 in the fill layers A, B, C, can be controlled pneumatically, hydraulically, electrically or electronically such that the pressure loss of the Hot gas flow can be kept targeted at a predetermined level.
  • the extraction devices 25 are coupled to the central control and regulating unit of the system, not shown, to which the sensors 7, 18 are connected.
  • care must also be taken to ensure that regenerated filter material 12 is added to the fill layers A, B, C from above again via the small bucket elevator 23.
  • the filter material 12 drawn off from the fill layers A, B, C passes via a slide 26 to the encapsulated screening machine 27, where it is freed of the adhering dust and then fed to the buffer bunker 24 according to the arrows PF and PF1.
  • the dust is discharged according to the arrow PF2 and can get into the same ash collecting container 28 in which the mainly coarser particles separated from the hot gas flow on the baffle 8 also reach according to the arrow PF3.
  • a cooling device 29 in the form of a heat exchanger can be provided in the area of the gas outlet connection 4.
  • a cooling device 29 can also be integrated in the area between two fill layers A, B, C. This area is otherwise covered by cones 30 which prevent bridging of the regenerated filter material 12 in the feed hopper 17 and promote their allocation to the individual fill layers A, B, C.
  • a cooling device 31 in particular in the form of a heat exchanger, can also be arranged in the area below the extraction devices 25. With the aid of this cooling device 31, it is possible, if necessary, to bring the dust-laden filter material 12 to a temperature which enables the sieve machine 27 to operate undisturbed.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
EP88121265A 1987-12-22 1988-12-20 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abscheiden von Staub aus Heissgasen Withdrawn EP0321914A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3743561 1987-12-22
DE19873743561 DE3743561A1 (de) 1987-12-22 1987-12-22 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum abscheiden von staub aus heissgasen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0321914A1 true EP0321914A1 (de) 1989-06-28

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ID=6343289

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88121265A Withdrawn EP0321914A1 (de) 1987-12-22 1988-12-20 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abscheiden von Staub aus Heissgasen

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0321914A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3743561A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0539730A3 (en) * 1991-10-28 1993-05-19 Ohlmann Umwelt-Anlagentechnik Gmbh Process and apparatus for filtering dust
US8163249B2 (en) 2009-03-25 2012-04-24 Institute Of Nuclear Energy Research Atomic Energy Council, Executive Yuan Multiple-stage granular moving bed apparatus
CN108211541A (zh) * 2018-02-08 2018-06-29 北京三聚环保新材料股份有限公司 一种气体净化装置和方法
CN117839354A (zh) * 2023-12-01 2024-04-09 江苏森茂能源发展有限公司 一种汽油脱硫醇油气的回收再利用装置

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014005152A1 (de) * 2014-04-08 2015-10-08 Man Diesel & Turbo Se Abgasnachbehandlungssystem und Verfahren zur Abgasnachbehandlung
DE102014005150A1 (de) * 2014-04-08 2015-10-08 Man Diesel & Turbo Se Abgasnachbehandlungssystem und Verfahren zur Abgasnachbehandlung

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3300972A1 (de) * 1983-01-13 1984-07-19 Curtiss-Wright Corp., Wood-Ridge, N.J. Vorrichtung zum entfernen von feststoffteilchen aus gas
DE3304344A1 (de) * 1983-02-09 1984-08-09 Keramikanlagen W. Strohmenger GmbH u. Co KG, 8524 Neunkirchen Granulat-trockenfilter
EP0213298A1 (de) * 1985-07-24 1987-03-11 Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Einrichtung zur Halterung und Führung von Schichten

Family Cites Families (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE838676C (de) * 1949-06-21 1952-05-12 Waagner Biro Ag Filteranlage fuer Gase
DE1864332U (de) * 1962-09-07 1962-12-27 Metallgesellschaft Ag Mechanischer vorabscheider als gasverteilungsgitter an der gaseinlassseite eines elektrostatischen staubabscheiders.
JPS5471476A (en) * 1977-11-17 1979-06-08 Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd Dust collector for recovery of heat energy from waste gas
JPS5637037A (en) * 1979-09-03 1981-04-10 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd Removing method of ammonium compound from coal ash
US4300921A (en) * 1980-03-04 1981-11-17 Rexnord, Inc. Apparatus and method for removing finely divided solids from gases
JPS5753219A (en) * 1980-09-16 1982-03-30 Hitachi Plant Eng & Constr Co Ltd Moving layer filter type dust collecting apparatus
US4601736A (en) * 1984-11-06 1986-07-22 Kabushikigaisha Takuma Dynamic gas filter apparatus

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3300972A1 (de) * 1983-01-13 1984-07-19 Curtiss-Wright Corp., Wood-Ridge, N.J. Vorrichtung zum entfernen von feststoffteilchen aus gas
DE3304344A1 (de) * 1983-02-09 1984-08-09 Keramikanlagen W. Strohmenger GmbH u. Co KG, 8524 Neunkirchen Granulat-trockenfilter
EP0213298A1 (de) * 1985-07-24 1987-03-11 Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Einrichtung zur Halterung und Führung von Schichten

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Band 11, Nr. 259 (C-441)[2706], 21. August 1987; & JP-A-62 61 613 (MITSUI MIIKE KAKOKI K.K.) 18-03-1987 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Band 4, Nr. 89 (C-16)[571], 25. Juni 1980, Seite 100 C16; & JP-A-55 54 017 (SHINTOU DASUTOKOREKUTAA K.K.) 21-04-1980 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0539730A3 (en) * 1991-10-28 1993-05-19 Ohlmann Umwelt-Anlagentechnik Gmbh Process and apparatus for filtering dust
US8163249B2 (en) 2009-03-25 2012-04-24 Institute Of Nuclear Energy Research Atomic Energy Council, Executive Yuan Multiple-stage granular moving bed apparatus
CN108211541A (zh) * 2018-02-08 2018-06-29 北京三聚环保新材料股份有限公司 一种气体净化装置和方法
CN117839354A (zh) * 2023-12-01 2024-04-09 江苏森茂能源发展有限公司 一种汽油脱硫醇油气的回收再利用装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3743561A1 (de) 1989-07-06
DE3743561C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1991-05-29

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