EP0308644B1 - Transducteur ultrasonore focalisé - Google Patents

Transducteur ultrasonore focalisé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0308644B1
EP0308644B1 EP88113188A EP88113188A EP0308644B1 EP 0308644 B1 EP0308644 B1 EP 0308644B1 EP 88113188 A EP88113188 A EP 88113188A EP 88113188 A EP88113188 A EP 88113188A EP 0308644 B1 EP0308644 B1 EP 0308644B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
calotte
transducer
zones
impulses
spherical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88113188A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0308644A3 (en
EP0308644A2 (fr
Inventor
Helmut Dipl.-Ing. Wurster
Werner Dipl.-Ing. Krauss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Richard Wolf GmbH
Original Assignee
Richard Wolf GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Richard Wolf GmbH filed Critical Richard Wolf GmbH
Publication of EP0308644A2 publication Critical patent/EP0308644A2/fr
Publication of EP0308644A3 publication Critical patent/EP0308644A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0308644B1 publication Critical patent/EP0308644B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0607—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements
    • B06B1/0622—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements on one surface
    • B06B1/0625—Annular array
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
    • G10K11/26—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
    • G10K11/32—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning characterised by the shape of the source

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a focusing transducer for generating ultrasound pulses for the destruction of objects inside the body, such as at least concrements, consisting of a spherical cap as a carrier for piezoelectric transducer elements arranged in a mosaic on the concave spherical surface, which can be excited to vibrate by means of a control device, wherein the transducer with its focus on the transducer axis can be aligned to the respective object and the ultrasound pulses generated can be transmitted to the patient's body via a coupling medium, and wherein the concave surface of the spherical cap is divided into several dome zones aligned with the transducer focus, each of which a selected number of transducer elements is assigned.
  • Such a converter is described in DE-A-31 19 295. Its dome-shaped or planar radiation surface is divided into ring-shaped or matrix-like transducer zones with corresponding transducer elements for the ultrasonic waves in order to be able to variably adjust the transducer focus.
  • the characteristic feature of this focusing ultrasound transducer is that it is designed as a direct sound system and is so large that the sound power density on the transmission path is so small that tissue damage is avoided become, but in the acoustic focus is so large that it is sufficient to destroy the concretion in focus.
  • transducer with a dome-shaped radiation surface is described in the older, not previously published EP-A-0 307 300. It also comprises a plurality of annular, concentrically arranged zones in the radiation area, each zone being equipped with a plurality of groups of transducer elements which are controlled in such a way that a sufficient energy density for object destruction is available in the focus of the transducer.
  • DE A 27 12 341 shows yet another focusing ultrasound transducer for ultrasound examination in diagnostic medicine. It consists of piezoelectric material in which the transducer body is curved in a concave manner in order to achieve acoustic focusing of the sound waves in a fixed focal point, which is given by the curvature of the transducer.
  • concentric ring electrodes are arranged around a central electrode, which face an electrode that extends over the entire active surface.
  • the aim of lithrotripsy has been to avoid the occurrence of negative pressure pulses or at least to reduce them to such an extent that cavitation symptoms occur can be excluded.
  • the measures taken here relate to a special mechanical structure of the transducer, the aim being that the wave resistance of the material forming the support cap for the transducer elements largely coincides with that of the transducer elements and that the rear cap surface has no focusing effect. Due to the freedom of reflection given thereby, the deformations of the transducer elements can follow the electrically predetermined pulse shape.
  • Such measures make a transducer designed in this way particularly suitable for the destruction of calculi, but they cannot be used for the targeted destruction of tissue cells, for example in cancer therapy.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an ultrasonic transducer which is suitable for the destruction of concretions as well as tissue cells and which enables the sound pulses to be generated almost arbitrarily with regard to their amplitude, phase position, polarity, shape and duration.
  • the spherical zones can be in the form of concentric spherical ring segments run around the transducer axis or form the shape of spherical sectors, but they can also have a shape which is characterized by a combination of the aforementioned spherical zone shapes.
  • the shape of the generated sound lobe can be influenced by appropriate wiring of the transducer elements of the dome zones, so that it can have, for example, an oval or elliptical cross section if, for example, some dome zones located on the edge of the transducer surface are not activated.
  • the amplitude and / or the duration and / or the polarity of the overall sound pulse effective in the transducer focus can also be set by serial control of spherical domes and by superimposing the sound pulses generated by them in the focus area.
  • a specific use of the transducer according to the invention as a device for destroying concrements is possible by means of a special circuitry and control of transducer elements in such a way that the dome zones that are created on the active transducer surface by the respective backward swinging of the respectively controlled negative half-waves of the sound impulses can be compensated by controlling other converter elements in phase opposition, that is to say that essentially only a positive pressure surge will develop at the focal point.
  • the use of the transducer is especially possible as a device for the destruction of tissue parts in that the positive half-waves of the sound impulses that arise on the active surface of the transducer elements being operated can be compensated for by counter-phase control of other transducer elements or dome zones in the focal point.
  • the possibility of increasing and adjusting the amplitudes of positive and negative half-waves of the sound pulses by controlling several or all of the spherical zones in phase.
  • variable wiring and control of the spherical zones therefore allows, for example, only a part of the zones to be used to generate the sound pulse and the remaining zones to be used for counter-control and cancellation of undesired pulse components.
  • all spherical zones can be activated in parallel and occasionally controlled with different pulse shapes according to the requirements, whereby a special embodiment can consist in that not only individual pulses are generated, but also, for example, a damped oscillation that adapts the transient response of the transducer is.
  • the dome zones arranged in the region of the edge zones of the transducer can also be driven with a lower or higher amplitude than the other dome zones, in order to achieve a sound pulse shape of special effectiveness.
  • a piezoelectric ultrasound transducer 2 in the form of a spherical cap 3 is located below a lying surface 1 receiving the patient P.
  • the transducer axis is denoted by A, on which the focal point F of the transducer also lies.
  • the radiation surfaces of the transducer elements are firmly aligned with this focal point.
  • the concave surface 4 of the transducer 2 or the spherical cap 3 is directed against an opening 5 arranged in the lying surface 1. This is surrounded by a sealing sleeve 6, which adapts to the patient's body and ensures that the opening 5 is sealed against the part of the patient's body intended for treatment.
  • the spherical cap 3 is surrounded by a bellows 7, which forms a container 8 together with the surface 4 of the spherical cap 3 as a base in connection with the underside of the lying surface 1 in the region of the opening 5.
  • the elasticity of the bellows 7 enables the spherical cap 3 to be adjusted in three planes, which can be done in a known manner by means of a coordinate adjustment table, not shown.
  • the container 8 is filled with degassed water heated to body temperature.
  • the concave surface 4 of the spherical cap 3 is equipped with piezoelectric transducer elements.
  • Their arrangement is such that, for example, there is a structure of concentrically arranged spherical ring segments 10 and 11, which are arranged around central spherical sectors 9, the entire surface 4 being separated by concentric and radial separating joints into individual, electrically and mechanically insulated ring segments 10.1 to 10.5 and 11.1 to 11.5 or calotte sectors 9.1 to 9.5 is divided.
  • the active surfaces of the spherical ring segments 10, 11 and the spherical sectors 9 are electrically connected to a control circuit according to FIG. 2, in which the ring segments 10 and 11 and the spherical sectors 9 are shown in simplified form in the form of block symbols.
  • the electrical voltage potential activating the ultrasound transducer 2 lies between these connections and a common surface electrode on the back of the transducer elements.
  • the selection of the transducer elements or spherical zones to be activated, the preselection of the respective pulse intensity and polarity and their temporal use are carried out with a multiplexer 12 for positive pulse shaping and a multiplexer 13 for negative pulse shaping.
  • the different polarity is ensured by corresponding pulse generators 14 and 15.
  • each circuit then has a selector switch 16, a controllable amplifier 17 for setting the respective amplitude of the pulse and a timer 18 for setting the time of activation, so that each ring segment 11.1 to 11.5 can be controlled individually or together with others.
  • some transducer elements or spherical zones can first be driven with a positive pulse and then other spherical zones with a negative pulse, taking into account the transient response of the transducer elements, so that only a positive pressure surge will occur in focus F. It is also possible to connect all transducer elements in parallel and to control them with different pulse shapes, it also being possible to set the pulse generators 14 and 15 so that, for example, instead of a single pulse, a damped oscillation can be generated which is adapted to the oscillating behavior of the transducer.
  • the individual spherical zones 9, 10 and 11 of the transducer 2 can be designed as monolithic piezoelectric vibrators, this will generally lead to a limitation of the available sound power. If higher performance is required, the converter and therefore the spherical zones will therefore be constructed from mosaic-like converter elements. In addition, all spherical zones can consist of ring segments or spherical sectors. Finally, other divisions of the entire active area 4 of the transducer 2 into zones of a different configuration are also possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Transducteur de focalisation (2) servant à produire des impulsions ultrasonores pour la destruction d'objets à l'intérieur d'un corps, comme au moins des concrétions, constitué par une calotte sphérique (3) en tant que support pour des éléments transducteurs piézoélectriques disposés sous la forme d'une mosaïque sur la surface concave (4) de la calotte et qui peuvent être excités au moyen d'un appareil de commande (12-18) pour être amenés à osciller, et dans lequel le transducteur (2) peut être orienté avec son foyer (F) situé sur son axe (A), en direction de l'objet respectif et les impulsions ultrasonores produites peuvent être transmises au corps du patient par l'intermédiaire d'un milieu de couplage, et la surface concave (4) de la calotte sphérique (3) est subdivisée en plusieurs zones (9,10,11) orientées vers le foyer (F) du transducteur et auxquelles est associé respectivement un nombre sélectionné d'éléments transducteurs, caractérisé par le fait
    que l'appareil de commande comporte un premier multiplexeur (12) servant à former des impulsions positives et un second multiplexeur (13) servant à former des impulsions négatives, que chaque circuit des multiplexeurs (12,13) contient un commutateur de sélection (16), un amplificateur réglable (17) servant à régler l'amplitude des impulsions et une minuterie (18) servant à régler l'instant d'activation des zones de la calotte, et des générateurs d'impulsions (14,15) servant à régler la polarité des impulsions sont connectés aux multiplexeurs (12,13), et
    que les zones de la calotte peuvent être commandées individuellement, par groupes ou en totalité, au choix en série et/ou en parallèle, par l'appareil de commande (12-18).
  2. Transducteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les zones de la calotte sont disposées sous la forme de segments annulaires (10,11) autour de l'axe (A) du transducteur.
  3. Transducteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les zones de la calotte possèdent la forme de secteurs de calotte (9).
  4. Transducteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par une combinaison des formes de zones de calotte selon les revendications 2 et 3.
  5. Transducteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que des zones individuelles ou plusieurs zones de la calotte (9,10,11) peuvent être commandées en opposition de phase par les multiplexeurs (12,13), pour la compensation d'alternances négatives et/ou positives des impulsions acoustiques.
  6. Transducteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que des zones individuelles ou plusieurs zones (9,10,11) de la calotte peuvent être commandées en phase, par les multiplexeurs (12,13) pour accroître les amplitudes d'alternances positives et/ou négatives des impulsions acoustiques.
EP88113188A 1987-09-24 1988-08-13 Transducteur ultrasonore focalisé Expired - Lifetime EP0308644B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3732131 1987-09-24
DE19873732131 DE3732131A1 (de) 1987-09-24 1987-09-24 Fokussierender ultraschallwandler

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0308644A2 EP0308644A2 (fr) 1989-03-29
EP0308644A3 EP0308644A3 (en) 1990-05-30
EP0308644B1 true EP0308644B1 (fr) 1994-10-26

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88113188A Expired - Lifetime EP0308644B1 (fr) 1987-09-24 1988-08-13 Transducteur ultrasonore focalisé

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US4888746A (fr)
EP (1) EP0308644B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3732131A1 (fr)

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US11813485B2 (en) 2020-01-28 2023-11-14 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Systems and methods for histotripsy immunosensitization
CN116685847A (zh) 2020-11-13 2023-09-01 决策科学医疗有限责任公司 用于对象的合成孔径超声成像的系统和方法

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US4888746A (en) 1989-12-19
DE3851930D1 (de) 1994-12-01
EP0308644A3 (en) 1990-05-30
EP0308644A2 (fr) 1989-03-29
DE3732131A1 (de) 1989-04-06

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