EP0300315B1 - Générateur d'ondes de choc pour un appareil de destruction sans contact des calculs, présents dans un corps - Google Patents

Générateur d'ondes de choc pour un appareil de destruction sans contact des calculs, présents dans un corps Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0300315B1
EP0300315B1 EP88111054A EP88111054A EP0300315B1 EP 0300315 B1 EP0300315 B1 EP 0300315B1 EP 88111054 A EP88111054 A EP 88111054A EP 88111054 A EP88111054 A EP 88111054A EP 0300315 B1 EP0300315 B1 EP 0300315B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shock wave
plate
shock
wave generator
generator according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88111054A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0300315A1 (fr
Inventor
Georg Dipl.-Ing. Köhler
Arnim Dipl.-Ing. Rohwedder
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0300315A1 publication Critical patent/EP0300315A1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/02—Mechanical acoustic impedances; Impedance matching, e.g. by horns; Acoustic resonators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
    • G10K11/26—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
    • G10K11/30—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning using refraction, e.g. acoustic lenses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a shock wave generator for a device for contactless crushing of concrements in the body of a living being, which has a liquid-filled housing with an outlet for shock waves and a shock wave source arranged opposite this, as well as means for focusing the shock waves on a focus, between which Shock wave source and the focus is arranged a plate-shaped body, the area located in the propagation path of the shock waves has a smaller cross-sectional area than a shock wave emanating from the shock wave source, so that only part of a shock wave passes through the plate-shaped body.
  • the plate-shaped body is made of a material whose acoustic impedance differs from that of the liquid. Since the cross-sectional area of the area of the plate-shaped body located in the propagation path of the shock waves is smaller than that of the shock wave, part of the shock wave can pass through the plate-shaped body unhindered, while another part of the shock wave passes through the plate-shaped body.
  • the part of the shock wave that passes through the plate-shaped body is multiplied by multiple reflections on the front and rear sides of the plate-shaped body into a sequence of shock wave fronts, the time interval between the shock wave fronts depends essentially on the thickness of the plate-shaped body.
  • a large number of shock wave fronts act on it Concrement, wherein the mechanical stresses generated in the concretion overlap, so that there is an improved shattering effect compared to a single shock wave front.
  • the course of the pressure p over time t occurs in the focus of the shock waves, as is shown qualitatively by way of example in FIG. 1.
  • This is composed of a theoretically infinitely large number of pressure pulses generated by multiple reflections which follow one another at constant time intervals, of which the pressure pulses 2a to 2d are shown by way of example. Their amplitudes decrease in the form of a geometric series.
  • the pressure pulses 2a to 2d are superimposed by a pressure pulse 1 which corresponds to that part of the shock wave that has not passed through the plate-shaped body. 1, the pressure pulse 1 has a time delay compared to the pressure pulse 2a, which occurs when the speed of sound propagation in the liquid is lower than in the plate-shaped body.
  • the pressure pulse 1 is ahead of the pressure pulse 2a.
  • the individual pressure pulses each have a very steep rise and a subsequent, essentially exponential drop, which generally has a so-called undershoot 3, ie a short-term, under certain circumstances, considerable underpressure occurs.
  • the resulting temporal course of the pressure which results from the addition of the pressure pulses, can also have such an undershoot.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of designing a shock wave generator of the type mentioned in such a way that the time course of the pressure in the focus of the shock wave generator is largely freely selectable and losses due to reflections are avoided.
  • the plate-shaped body is formed from a material whose acoustic impedance corresponds essentially to that of the liquid and in which the sound propagation speed differs from that in the liquid.
  • shock wave behind the plate-shaped body the shock front of which has two parts staggered in time.
  • the time offset depends on the two sound propagation velocities and on the thickness of the plate-shaped body, the time offset being greater the thicker the plate-shaped body and the more the sound propagation speeds differ from one another. If such a shock wave converges in a focus, there is a temporal course of the pressure, as is shown, for example, in FIGS. 2 and 3. In the case of FIG. 2, there is a slight time offset of the parts of the shock wave, so that the pressure over time has two short successive pressure peaks in the focus, while in the case of FIG.
  • the second Pressure peak compensates the undershoot of the first part of the shock wave.
  • the height the pressure peaks depend, moreover, on the cross-sectional area of the corresponding parts of the shock wave, whereby in the case of FIG. 2 the delayed part of the shock wave has a cross-section which is only slightly small compared to the other part, while the cross section of the delayed part of the shock wave in the case of FIG. 3 is significantly less than that of the other part of the shock wave. Since the acoustic impedance of the plate-shaped body essentially corresponds to that of the liquid, it is ensured that no noteworthy reflections occur at the boundaries between the two, so that the shock wave passes through the plate-shaped body essentially without loss.
  • the shock wave source can be designed such that the means for focusing the shock waves are a direct component of the shock wave source.
  • the shock wave source then has e.g. a suitably shaped radiation surface from which already focused shock waves emanate.
  • the shock wave source is such that special means, e.g. Acoustic lenses or reflectors, for focusing the shock waves emitted by them
  • the plate-shaped body can either be arranged between the shock wave source and the means for focusing the shock waves or in the sense of the direction of propagation of the shock waves behind them. It is also possible to provide plate-shaped bodies both between the shock wave source and the means for focusing the shock waves and behind them.
  • the plate-shaped body has at least one opening in its area traversed by the shock wave and this is made centrally in the area traversed by the shock wave.
  • the plate-shaped body has several openings and the shock wave originating from the shock wave source has a circular cross-section, it is expedient if, according to one embodiment of the invention, the plate-shaped body has several in its area through which the shock wave passes Has sector-shaped openings, the tips of which lie on the central axis of the shock wave.
  • the shock wave generator according to the invention has a small overall length.
  • Fig. 1 shows the typical time course of the pressure in the focus of the shock wave generator according to the prior art.
  • a time course of the pressure can normally be used successfully for the destruction of concretions in the body of living beings, deviating time courses of the pressure are desirable in certain cases, as shown by way of example in FIGS. 2 and 3 and with the shock wave generator can not be easily generated according to the prior art.
  • the resulting time course of the pressure shown in FIG. 2 differs from that of FIG. 1 in that only two pressure peaks 4a and 4b immediately following one another are present.
  • the shock wave generator has a shock wave tube 8, which essentially consists of a tubular component 9 filled with a liquid, for example water, which has at its end an outlet opening 10 for shock waves, which is closed by a bellows 11, by means of which the shock wave tube 8 can be acoustically coupled to the body 5 of the living being.
  • the tubular component 9 has a shock wave source, ie it is closed by a flat membrane 12, which is arranged opposite a flat coil 13.
  • a high voltage supply 14 which contains a capacitor 15 which can be charged to, for example, 20 kV by means of a high voltage source 16. If the capacitor 15 is connected to the flat coil 13 by means of suitable switching means 17, the electrical energy stored in the capacitor 15 suddenly discharges into the flat coil 13, which builds up a magnetic field very quickly. A current is induced in the membrane 12, which consists of an electrically conductive material, which is opposite to the current in the flat coil 13 and generates an opposing magnetic field. Due to the force of the opposing field, the membrane 12 is suddenly repelled by the flat coil 13, as a result of which a unipolar shock wave is formed in the liquid in the tubular component 9.
  • this shock wave In order to be able to use this shock wave to destroy the calculus 6, it is focused by means of an acoustic lens 18 mounted in the tubular component 9. This is arranged in the tubular component such that its focal point F coincides with the concretion 6.
  • the shock wave which is coupled into the body 5 of the living being via the bellows 11, gives off part of its energy content to the concrement 6, which is brittle compared to the environment, by exerting tensile and compressive forces thereon, which break it down into several parts, which can be excreted naturally by the living being.
  • a plate-shaped body 19 which is formed from a material, is arranged between the membrane 12 and the focus F, more precisely between the membrane 12 and the acoustic lens 18. in which the speed of sound propagation differs from that in the liquid and its acoustic impedance corresponds substantially to that of the liquid to avoid reflections at the interfaces with the liquid.
  • the plate-shaped body 19 has a cross-sectional area which is smaller than that of the shock wave in its area passing through a shock wave emanating from the membrane, in that it is provided with a central opening 20.
  • a plane shock wave emanating from the membrane 12 passes through the plate-shaped body 19, it has two parts behind it which are staggered in time, the part of the shock wave which has passed through the opening 20 being the part of the shock wave which has the plate-shaped body 19 has passed, leads or lags, depending on whether the speed of sound propagation in the plate-shaped body 19 is lower or greater than in the liquid.
  • the time offset between the parts of the shock wave is greater, the more the sound propagation speeds in the plate-shaped body 19 and the liquid differ from one another and the thicker the plate-shaped body 19 is.
  • shock wave with its temporally offset parts is focused by means of the acoustic lens 18, there is a pressure curve for a small temporal offset between its parts in focus F, as is shown by way of example in FIG. 2, while the temporal curve of the pressure in focus F for a shock wave, the parts of which have a greater time offset, is shown in FIG. 3. 2 and 3, the resulting time course of the pressure is shown in full lines, while the pressure courses associated with the parts of the shock wave that are offset in time are shown in dotted and dashed lines.
  • the amount of pressure that the parts of the shock wave offset in time in focus Incidentally, each generate depends on the cross-sectional areas of the temporally staggered parts of the shock wave before focusing and thus on the cross-sectional area of the area of the plate-shaped body 19 traversed by the shock wave or the cross-sectional area of the opening 20 made therein.
  • both parts of the shock wave have essentially the same cross section before focusing, while in the case of FIG. 3 the trailing part of the shock wave has a small cross section in comparison to the rest of the shock wave.
  • the opening 20 - a variety of other time profiles of the pressure can be created will be realized. It is also possible to arrange the opening 20 eccentrically in the plate-shaped body 19 and to vary its shape.
  • FIG. 5 shows a shock wave generator, which differs from the one described above essentially in that several plate-shaped bodies 21 to 23 are provided between the membrane 12 and the focus F, which, as can be seen from the different hatching, from consist of different materials and have different thicknesses, that is to say they are geometrically different.
  • the plate-shaped bodies 21, 22 and 23 abut one another with their mutually facing surfaces and are accommodated in the tubular component 9 so that they can be rotated relative to one another by means of the actuating levers 24 to 26.
  • the plate-shaped bodies 21, 22 and 23 each have three circular sector-shaped openings 27, 28 and 29 and can be positioned relative to one another by means of the adjusting levers 24 to 26 such that their areas, which are traversed by a shock wave emanating from the membrane 12, at least partially overlap.
  • the plate-shaped bodies 21 to 23 By suitable rotation of the plate-shaped bodies 21 to 23 relative to one another, they can be brought into such a position relative to one another that a unipolar shock wave emanating from the membrane 12 has up to four parts staggered in time behind the plate-shaped bodies 21 to 23. Accordingly, temporal profiles of the pressure can be realized in focus F, as indicated by way of example in FIGS.
  • FIG. 7 shows a time course of the pressure in which the undershoot of the part of the shock wave arriving first at focus F is practically completely compensated by the following parts of the shock wave
  • FIG. 8 shows a time course of the pressure with three successive ones Pressure peaks 31 to 33 shows.
  • FIG. 9 shows a shock wave generator according to the invention which differs from those described above in that its membrane 34 is spherically curved and a correspondingly curved coil 35 is arranged opposite it.
  • the membrane 34 closes a tubular component 36 of frustoconical shape at the larger end thereof.
  • the outlet opening 37, located at the smaller end of the tubular component 36, for the shock waves emanating from the membrane 34 is again closed by a bellows, which bears the reference number 38 and serves for the acoustic coupling of the shock wave generator.
  • a shock wave emanating from the membrane 34 is concentrated anyway in the focus F, which corresponds to the center of curvature of the spherical membrane 34.
  • the membrane 34 also takes over the function of the means for focusing the shock waves.
  • a plate-shaped body 39 Arranged between the membrane 34 and the focus F is a plate-shaped body 39 which is formed from a material whose acoustic impedance corresponds essentially to that of the liquid and in which the speed of sound propagation differs from that in the liquid.
  • the plate-shaped body 39 is spherically curved, its center of curvature coinciding with that of the membrane 34.
  • the plate-shaped body 39 In its center, the plate-shaped body 39 has an opening 34 of frustoconical shape which has such an opening angle that its imaginary tip coincides with the center of curvature of the membrane 34 and the plate-shaped body 39, ie with the focus F.
  • a shock wave generator temporal profiles of the pressure can be realized in focus F, as shown by way of example in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the exemplary embodiments relate exclusively to those shock wave generators in which the shock waves are generated by means of a membrane which can be driven in a shock-like manner.
  • the shock wave generator according to the invention can also contain other shock wave sources, e.g. those in which the shock waves are generated by underwater spark discharges, by piezoelectric means or by the impact of a laser beam on a highly absorbent object in the liquid.
  • the plate-shaped bodies in particular with regard to the shape of the perforations, can be designed differently than described in connection with the exemplary embodiments, provided that they are only suitable with regard to their geometric design and their material to produce a shock wave in the manner described which has portions that are offset in time.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Générateur d'ondes de choc pour un dispositif permettant de fragmenter sans contact des concrétions (6) dans le corps (5) d'un être vivant, et comportant un boîtier (9,36) rempli par un liquide et possédant une ouverture de sortie (10,37) pour les ondes de choc et une source d'ondes de choc (12,13,14,34,35) disposée en vis-à-vis de cette ouverture, ainsi que des moyens (18) pour focaliser les ondes de choc en un foyer (F), et dans lequel entre la source d'ondes de choc (12,13,14,34,35) et le foyer (F) est disposé un corps en forme de plaque (19,21,22,23,39), dont la zone située dans la voie de propagation des ondes de choc possède une surface en coupe transversale inférieure à celle d'une onde de choc partant de la source d'ondes de choc (12,13,14,34,35), de sorte que seule une partie d'une onde de choc traverse le corps en forme de plaque (19,21,22,23,39), caractérisé par le fait que le corps en forme de plaque (19,21,22,23,39) est réalisé en un matériau dont l'impédance acoustique correspond sensiblement à celle du liquide et dans lequel la vitesse de propagation du son est différente de ce qu'elle est dans le liquide.
  2. Générateur d'ondes de choc suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le corps en forme de plaque (19,21,22,23,39) possède au moins une ouverture (20,27,28,29,40) dans sa zone traversée par l'onde de choc.
  3. Générateur d'ondes de choc suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que l'ouverture (20,40) est ménagée d'une manière centrée dans la zone, traversée par l'onde de choc, du corps en forme de plaque (19,39).
  4. Générateur d'ondes de choc suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait qu'une onde de choc, délivrée par la source d'ondes de choc (12,13,14), possède une section transversale circulaire et que le corps en forme de plaque (21,22,23) possède, dans sa zone traversée par l'onde de choc, plusieurs ouvertures en forme de secteurs circulaires (27,28,29), dont les sommets sont situés sur l'axe médian de l'onde de choc (12).
  5. Générateur d'ondes de choc suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait qu'entre la source d'ondes de choc (12,13,14) et l'ouverture de sortie (10) sont disposés les uns contre les autres plusieurs corps en forme de plaques (21,22,23), dont les zones traversées par l'onde de choc se chevauchent au moins partiellement.
  6. Générateur d'ondes de choc suivant la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que les corps en forme de plaques (21,22,23) sont réalisés avec des géométries différentes.
  7. Générateur d'ondes de choc suivant la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé par le fait que les corps en forme de plaques (21,22,23) sont réalisés en des matériaux différents.
  8. Générateur d'ondes de choc suivant l'une des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que les corps en forme de plaques (21,22,23) peuvent tourner les uns par rapport aux autres.
  9. Générateur d'ondes de choc suivant l'une des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que les corps en forme de plaques (21,22,23) s'appliquent les uns contre les autres par leurs surfaces qui se font face.
EP88111054A 1987-07-23 1988-07-11 Générateur d'ondes de choc pour un appareil de destruction sans contact des calculs, présents dans un corps Expired - Lifetime EP0300315B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8710118U DE8710118U1 (de) 1987-07-23 1987-07-23 Stoßwellengenerator für eine Einrichtung zum berührungslosen Zertrümmern von Konkrementen im Körper eines Lebewesens
DE8710118U 1987-07-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0300315A1 EP0300315A1 (fr) 1989-01-25
EP0300315B1 true EP0300315B1 (fr) 1992-04-08

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EP88111054A Expired - Lifetime EP0300315B1 (fr) 1987-07-23 1988-07-11 Générateur d'ondes de choc pour un appareil de destruction sans contact des calculs, présents dans un corps

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Country Link
US (1) US4972826A (fr)
EP (1) EP0300315B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0446731Y2 (fr)
DE (2) DE8710118U1 (fr)

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US7785276B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2010-08-31 Dornier Medtech Systems Gmbh System and method for a lithotripter
US7988631B2 (en) 2005-08-05 2011-08-02 Dornier Medtech Systems Gmbh Shock wave therapy device with image production
US9383288B2 (en) 2008-06-26 2016-07-05 Gambro Lundia Ab Method and device for processing a time-dependent measurement signal
US9433356B2 (en) 2009-06-26 2016-09-06 Gambro Lundia Ab Devices, a computer program product and a method for data extraction

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CN1241658C (zh) 2000-07-13 2006-02-15 普罗里森姆股份有限公司 一种在存活对象的体内施加能量的装置
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DE10130639A1 (de) * 2001-06-26 2003-01-30 Hmt Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Stoßwellen für medizinische Anwendungen
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EP1596746B1 (fr) 2003-02-20 2016-10-19 ReCor Medical, Inc. Dispositifs d'ablation ultrasonique
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JP4804906B2 (ja) 2004-12-15 2011-11-02 ドルニエル メドテック システムズ ゲーエムベーハー 循環器および神経疾患の患者における細胞治療および組織再生の衝撃波による改良方法
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EP2021846B1 (fr) 2006-05-19 2017-05-03 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Dispositif d'ablation avec profil de puissance d'entrée optimisée
US8152751B2 (en) 2007-02-09 2012-04-10 Baxter International Inc. Acoustic access disconnection systems and methods
US10463778B2 (en) 2007-02-09 2019-11-05 Baxter International Inc. Blood treatment machine having electrical heartbeat analysis
WO2010080886A1 (fr) 2009-01-09 2010-07-15 Recor Medical, Inc. Procédés et appareils de traitement de l'insuffisance de la valve mitrale
WO2011022085A1 (fr) 2009-08-19 2011-02-24 Duke University Lentille acoustique pour lithotripsie par ondes de choc et procédés associés
AU2010338286B2 (en) 2009-12-28 2014-07-03 Gambro Lundia Ab Apparatus and method for prediction of rapid symptomatic blood pressure decrease
US8776625B2 (en) * 2010-05-21 2014-07-15 Focus-In-Time, LLC Sonic resonator system for use in biomedical applications
US9360124B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-06-07 Cook Medical Technologies Llc Bi-directional valve device for selective control of fluid flow through multiple converging paths
CA2899720C (fr) 2013-03-20 2021-04-20 Gambro Lundia Ab Surveillance d'un arret cardiaque chez un patient raccorde a un appareil de traitement sanguin extracorporel
US10413654B2 (en) 2015-12-22 2019-09-17 Baxter International Inc. Access disconnection system and method using signal metrics
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Cited By (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7785276B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2010-08-31 Dornier Medtech Systems Gmbh System and method for a lithotripter
US7988631B2 (en) 2005-08-05 2011-08-02 Dornier Medtech Systems Gmbh Shock wave therapy device with image production
US9383288B2 (en) 2008-06-26 2016-07-05 Gambro Lundia Ab Method and device for processing a time-dependent measurement signal
US9433356B2 (en) 2009-06-26 2016-09-06 Gambro Lundia Ab Devices, a computer program product and a method for data extraction

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE8710118U1 (de) 1988-11-17
US4972826A (en) 1990-11-27
JPS6417217U (fr) 1989-01-27
JPH0446731Y2 (fr) 1992-11-04
DE3869861D1 (de) 1992-05-14
EP0300315A1 (fr) 1989-01-25

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