EP0291084A2 - Cellule photoélectrique, en particulier pour la détection de rayonnement ultra-violet - Google Patents

Cellule photoélectrique, en particulier pour la détection de rayonnement ultra-violet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0291084A2
EP0291084A2 EP88107750A EP88107750A EP0291084A2 EP 0291084 A2 EP0291084 A2 EP 0291084A2 EP 88107750 A EP88107750 A EP 88107750A EP 88107750 A EP88107750 A EP 88107750A EP 0291084 A2 EP0291084 A2 EP 0291084A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cathode
anode
photocell
metal strip
radiation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88107750A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0291084B1 (fr
EP0291084A3 (en
Inventor
Josef Beucher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GTE Licht GmbH
Original Assignee
GTE Licht GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GTE Licht GmbH filed Critical GTE Licht GmbH
Publication of EP0291084A2 publication Critical patent/EP0291084A2/fr
Publication of EP0291084A3 publication Critical patent/EP0291084A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0291084B1 publication Critical patent/EP0291084B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J40/00—Photoelectric discharge tubes not involving the ionisation of a gas
    • H01J40/16—Photoelectric discharge tubes not involving the ionisation of a gas having photo- emissive cathode, e.g. alkaline photoelectric cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J40/00—Photoelectric discharge tubes not involving the ionisation of a gas
    • H01J40/02—Details
    • H01J40/04—Electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a photocell, in particular for detecting UV radiation, with a plate cathode, an anode and in each case supply and discharge lines which are welded into a glass tube, the plate cathode comprising a sheet metal strip connected at its ends to the supply lines and the anode consists of a wire connected at its ends to the leads, on the side of the plate cathode facing the radiation to be determined, which is arranged essentially parallel to and at a distance from the same.
  • a photocell forms a photoelectric component, namely an electron tube, in which the electrons are freed from the photocathode by radiation and sucked off by the opposite anode.
  • An application example of such a photocell is for example the detection of flames or fire. It goes without saying that the glass of the tube of the photocell must be transparent to UV radiation if such is to be determined.
  • a photocell of this type is now known (AT-PS 287 089), in which on the one hand the plate cathode and on the other hand the wire anode are arranged parallel to one another in planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tube. It is understood that the greatest sensitivity is present perpendicular to the plane of the plate cathode, thus in the case of radiation incident parallel to the tube axis, whereas the sensitivity tends to 0 if the angle of incidence moves in the range of 90 ° to the tube longitudinal axis or parallel to the plate cathode.
  • a photocell of this type combines the efficiency advantages of a plate cathode with the manufacturing and economic advantages of a wire anode, the loss of sensitivity of such a photocell compared to that with a plate anode being less than one should expect.
  • This can be explained experimentally by the fact that the wire anode only slightly impairs the incidence of radiation perpendicular to the plate cathode, so that practically the entire plate cathode surface is available for the radiation.
  • the lower suction effect of the wire anode compared to a plate anode is evident.
  • the photocell has a good sensitivity over a wide range of different angles of incidence of the radiation, which remains only slightly reduced even with radiation incident perpendicular to the plate cathode, although with such an angle of incidence perpendicular to the plate plane, that on the surface to be determined Radiation-facing side of the plate cathode arranged wire anode causes a slight shadowing.
  • this effect is far from comparable to that of a plate anode, which means that when radiation is incident perpendicular to the plate cathode, it is approximately 50% is shadowed.
  • exact parallelism must advantageously only be ensured in one coordinate in order to use the active cathode surface practically fully.
  • photocells of this type are only suitable for either vertical or horizontal installation, based on their longitudinal axis, depending on whether their plate cathode is arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis, as is usually the case, or parallel to it.
  • the area thereof is limited by the free cross section of the glass tube.
  • the object on which the invention is based is seen in creating a photocell of the type mentioned which is suitable both for vertical and for horizontal installation, thus for a main radiation incident parallel to the longitudinal axis and also perpendicular thereto, that is to say transversely to the longitudinal axis of the Tube.
  • This object is achieved in that the plane of the sheet metal strip forming the cathode has an angle of inclination with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tube.
  • This angle of inclination makes it possible to install the photocell according to the invention in different positions with respect to the direction of incidence of the radiation without suffering a loss of sensitivity. If an inclination angle of 45 ° is preferably used, then the photocell according to the invention can be installed both in a vertical and in a horizontal position, in each case based on the longitudinal axis of the photocell, the sensitivity for both vertically and horizontally incident radiation being the same in both cases is, ie the cathode is always below 45 ° from the incident radiation.
  • the absolute magnitude of the sensitivity of the photocell according to the invention can be improved further by increasing the area of the cathode, and in fact beyond that dimension that if the plane of the plate cathode were to be arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tube, it would necessarily be given by its clear width; namely, the inclined arrangement enables the plate cathode area to be enlarged on both sides in the direction of the tube in which the plate cathode is inclined.
  • the larger the cathode area the greater the amount of radiation that can strike this area, which inevitably increases the sensitivity.
  • both the ends of the sheet metal strip forming the cathode and the ends of the wire forming the anode are each bent and connected to the feed lines or to the discharge lines in such a way that the cathode and anode are essentially in the center of the sheet metal strip and lie perpendicular to this plane.
  • the entire system consisting of plate cathode and wire anode with supply and discharge lines is polished electrolytically. So far, the individual elements of the photocells have been polished, which is naturally more complex.
  • Another particular advantage is the possibility of performing a cleaning anneal in a high vacuum with current passage, expediently with direct current. So far, it was a more complex induction glow required.
  • the plate cathode 1 consists of a sheet metal strip 13 connected at its ends 20 and 21 to the leads 3 and 4.
  • the anode 2 in turn consists of a plate 14 connected at its ends 14 and 15 to the leads 5, 6, on the side facing the radiation to be determined the plate cathode 1 essentially parallel to and at a distance d from the same arranged wire electrode 16.
  • the radiation to be detected falls on the plate cathode 1 in the direction of arrow A.
  • the supply and discharge lines 3, 4 and 5, 6 are, as shown, welded essentially parallel to each other in the tube plate 9.
  • the ends 20 and 21 of the sheet metal strip 13 are bent at right angles for connection to the feed lines 3 and 4.
  • One end of the supply line is connected to one end of the sheet metal strip, expediently by welding.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 Each section plane is clear from the side view of this photocell located in the middle of the diagram.
  • the average sensitivity in the direction of arrow A is thus obtained with lateral constancy up to about 30 ° on both sides and only a slight decrease to 0 ° and 90 ° with expected minima at -45 ° and 135 °.
  • Fig. 3 shows the response behavior at different angles of incidence in a section perpendicular to that of Fig. 2, the section plane being a longitudinal median plane, i.e. contains the longitudinal axis 19 of the photocell.
  • the plane of the sheet metal strip 13 forming the cathode 1 is arranged obliquely to these lines according to the invention and its ends 20, 21 are bent in a U-shape for connection to the supply lines 3, 4. It is crucial apparent inclined arrangement according to the angle ⁇ between feed lines 3, 4 and the ends 20 and 21.
  • the ends 14 and 15 of the wire anode 13 are also bent in a plane towards the leads 5, 6, which is inclined at approximately 45 ° to the longitudinal axis 19 of the tube 7, as clearly shown in FIGS. 1 and 3.
  • the photocell according to the embodiment according to FIG. 1 is suitable for both front and side radiation, as FIG. 3 shows particularly clearly.
  • the vertical direction of irradiation according to arrow direction A is inclined by 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis 19 of the photocell if this longitudinal axis 19 is taken as the 0 ° direction of the incident radiation.
  • the respective sensitivity maxima are at 0 ° and at 90 °.
  • the 0 ° direction can be defined as front radiation and the 90 ° direction as side radiation.
  • Fig. 2 shows the sensitivity distribution in horizontal section with the maximum at 90 °.
  • a corresponding picture would of course also result in a vertical section (not shown), the section plane then being vertical both on the drawing plane of FIG. 2 and the drawing plane of FIG. 3 and containing the 0 ° direction.
  • the operating voltage was 300 V DC, the operating voltage 180 ⁇ 15 volts Operating current 2 mA, the extinguishing voltage 500 V, the maximum current 4 mA and the operating temperature interval -20 ° to + 90 °.

Landscapes

  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
EP88107750A 1987-05-13 1988-05-13 Cellule photoélectrique, en particulier pour la détection de rayonnement ultra-violet Expired - Lifetime EP0291084B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3715924 1987-05-13
DE19873715924 DE3715924A1 (de) 1987-05-13 1987-05-13 Fotozelle, insbesondere zur feststellung von uv-strahlung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0291084A2 true EP0291084A2 (fr) 1988-11-17
EP0291084A3 EP0291084A3 (en) 1990-01-31
EP0291084B1 EP0291084B1 (fr) 1994-03-30

Family

ID=6327422

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88107750A Expired - Lifetime EP0291084B1 (fr) 1987-05-13 1988-05-13 Cellule photoélectrique, en particulier pour la détection de rayonnement ultra-violet

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US4876443A (fr)
EP (1) EP0291084B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3715924A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4125638C2 (de) * 1991-08-02 1994-06-30 Gte Licht Gmbh Photozelle, insbesondere zur Feststellung von UV-Strahlung
DE4134810C2 (de) * 1991-10-22 1994-07-28 Gte Licht Gmbh Fotozelle, insbesondere zur Feststellung von UV-Strahlung
SE0101864L (sv) 2001-06-01 2002-12-02 Xcounter Ab Flam- och gnistdetektor, automatiskt brandlarm och förfarnadn relaterade därefter
JP6495755B2 (ja) * 2015-06-12 2019-04-03 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 紫外線検出器
CN106935474A (zh) * 2016-08-03 2017-07-07 成都青岗科技有限公司 一种微型高灵敏度紫外光电管
CN106941072A (zh) * 2016-08-03 2017-07-11 成都青岗科技有限公司 一种微型高灵敏度充气紫外光电管

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB392849A (en) * 1931-12-09 1933-05-25 Telefunken Gmbh Improvements in or relating to electric discharge devices
US2237242A (en) * 1938-01-05 1941-04-01 Univ Illinois Phototube
US2421192A (en) * 1943-05-29 1947-05-27 Rca Corp Multicathode phototube
US3656019A (en) * 1967-08-11 1972-04-11 Melpar Inc Hydrogen-filled gas detector having cathode helix supported by envelope wall
JPS58164136A (ja) * 1982-03-24 1983-09-29 Hamamatsu Tv Kk 光電管およびその製造方法

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE573141C (de) * 1929-05-06 1933-03-28 Westinghouse Lamp Co Insbesondere zur Messung therapeutisch wirksamer Strahlen dienende, nur ultraviolettempfindliche Photozelle
US2000705A (en) * 1931-01-17 1935-05-07 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Phototube
US2103031A (en) * 1935-02-08 1937-12-21 Gen Electric Vapor Lamp Co Electric gaseous discharge device
US2283413A (en) * 1940-08-03 1942-05-19 Robert J Cashman Phototube and method of manufacture
US2604604A (en) * 1949-07-20 1952-07-22 Bendix Aviat Corp Mount for electron discharge devices
US2576251A (en) * 1950-06-29 1951-11-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electrode spacer structure for electron discharge devices
GB731755A (en) * 1953-05-05 1955-06-15 Trist & Co Ltd Ronald Improvements relating to photo-electric cells
US3244890A (en) * 1963-03-22 1966-04-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Photosensitive broadband coupler using wave guide
US3372279A (en) * 1965-05-06 1968-03-05 Honeywell Inc Ultraviolet sensitive geiger-mueller type radiation detector
AT287089B (de) * 1968-03-15 1971-01-11 Philips Nv Verfahren zum Herstellen einer elektrischen Entladungsröhre mit einer Photokathode, deren aktiver Bestandteil aus einer stark p-leitenden A<III>B<V>-Verbindung besteht
US3636399A (en) * 1970-10-21 1972-01-18 Dean E Eastman Rare earth chalcogenide thermionic emission cathodes
US3809939A (en) * 1972-11-08 1974-05-07 Varian Associates Gridded electron tube employing cooled ceramic insulator for mounting control grid

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB392849A (en) * 1931-12-09 1933-05-25 Telefunken Gmbh Improvements in or relating to electric discharge devices
US2237242A (en) * 1938-01-05 1941-04-01 Univ Illinois Phototube
US2421192A (en) * 1943-05-29 1947-05-27 Rca Corp Multicathode phototube
US3656019A (en) * 1967-08-11 1972-04-11 Melpar Inc Hydrogen-filled gas detector having cathode helix supported by envelope wall
JPS58164136A (ja) * 1982-03-24 1983-09-29 Hamamatsu Tv Kk 光電管およびその製造方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Band 7, Nr. 288 (E-218)[1433], 22. December 1983; & JP-A-58 164 136 (HAMAMATSU TELEVISION K.K.) 29-09-1983 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3715924A1 (de) 1988-12-01
US4876443A (en) 1989-10-24
DE3888722D1 (de) 1994-05-05
EP0291084B1 (fr) 1994-03-30
DE3715924C2 (fr) 1989-10-19
EP0291084A3 (en) 1990-01-31

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