EP0285811A1 - Dispositif pour l'expansion de tabac coupé - Google Patents

Dispositif pour l'expansion de tabac coupé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0285811A1
EP0285811A1 EP88103303A EP88103303A EP0285811A1 EP 0285811 A1 EP0285811 A1 EP 0285811A1 EP 88103303 A EP88103303 A EP 88103303A EP 88103303 A EP88103303 A EP 88103303A EP 0285811 A1 EP0285811 A1 EP 0285811A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
expansion chamber
tobacco material
water vapor
expansion
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88103303A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0285811B1 (fr
Inventor
Werner Dipl.-Ing. Hirsch
Erhard Dipl.-Ing. Rittershaus
Arno Dipl.-Ing. Weiss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
British American Tobacco Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
British American Tobacco Germany GmbH
BAT Cigarettenfabriken GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by British American Tobacco Germany GmbH, BAT Cigarettenfabriken GmbH filed Critical British American Tobacco Germany GmbH
Publication of EP0285811A1 publication Critical patent/EP0285811A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0285811B1 publication Critical patent/EP0285811B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
    • A24B3/18—Other treatment of leaves, e.g. puffing, crimpling, cleaning
    • A24B3/182—Puffing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for expanding shredded tobacco material of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • shredded tobacco material includes in particular cut ripen and / or leaf material as well as reconstituted tobacco.
  • a generic device for expanding shredded tobacco material is shown in Fig. 5 of DE-PS 3 147 846 and has a rotary valve for feeding the tobacco material to an expansion chamber, a nozzle opening in a wall of the expansion chamber for the introduction of a hot gas to accelerate the tobacco material under pressure drop to at least 50 m / s with a dwell time of the tobacco material in the expansion chamber of less than about 1/10 s, and a delay pipe connected downstream of the expansion chamber.
  • the tobacco material entering the expansion system via the cellular wheel sluice strikes the free jet steam emerging from the nozzle opening essentially perpendicularly, is accelerated by this free jet and expanded at the same time, and is led away essentially horizontally to a drying device.
  • the tobacco material enters the expansion chamber the vapor suddenly condenses on the tobacco particles and, in a fraction of a second, causes the moisture to rise and the temperature to rise to near the condensation temperature in accordance with the pressure prevailing in the expansion chamber.
  • the tobacco particles are then sucked into the vacuum zone of the free jet.
  • the high heat and mass exchange and the low pressure in the free jet lead to a "flash evaporation" of parts of the water in the tobacco and thereby cause the tobacco particles to expand.
  • the resulting steam / tobacco material mixture is blown directly into an airflow dryer.
  • tobacco particles can deposit in the cellular wheel and in the expansion chamber due to moisture, which can lead to blockage of the device.
  • the known expansion device has a high consumption of hot gas, generally water vapor, so that ways are being sought to reduce the associated costs.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing an expansion device of the type specified, in which the disadvantages mentioned above do not occur.
  • an expansion device is to be proposed, with which the degree of expansion and thus the fillability can be set without problems in a wide range, namely in extreme cases between the degrees of expansion 0 and 100%, with a simultaneous reduction in the consumption of water vapor and very homogeneous expansion for all tobacco particles .
  • contamination of the expansion device should be avoided.
  • the expansion chamber is integrated in the metering and feeding device, thereby creating an expansion chamber to which a precisely defined quantity of tobacco material is fed.
  • the metering and feeding device can be a cellular wheel sluice, in particular a blow-through cellular wheel sluice, a dosing screw etc.
  • This expansion chamber can be sealed very well, so that the gas supplied to this expansion chamber is available for the expansion and pneumatic transport of the tobacco material.
  • nozzle openings which are arranged such that the tobacco particles conveyed into the expansion chamber must inevitably pass through the nozzle openings.
  • An adjustable water vapor / air mixture emerges from these nozzle openings at approximately a right angle to the metering and feeding device of the tobacco material into the expansion chamber at high speed and divides the tobacco piles fed into the expansion chamber into individual fibers, i.e. the principle comparable to the pneumatic blade is applied.
  • each individual fiber receives intensive contact with the water vapor / air mixture.
  • much narrower flow cross sections can be selected, i.e. at the same flow rates, much less hot gas is required.
  • the free jet cleans the passing parts of the dosing and feeding device like a steam jet cleaner.
  • the tobacco material is kept free of tobacco deposits by wiping the tobacco material over the bottom of the expansion chamber.
  • the water vapor / air ratio in this mixture can be set in a structurally simple manner, for example by means of corresponding valves, so that a desired degree of expansion and thus a desired filling capacity of the tobacco material can be set.
  • the expansion chamber is followed by an acceleration tube with a converging cross section.
  • all tobacco particles are subject to an acceleration with high heat and mass exchange with a simultaneous steady decrease in pressure, which in turn results in flash evaporation of parts of the water present in the tobacco.
  • the acceleration tube is connected to the acceleration tube, possibly with the interposition of a tube with a constant cross-section, via an abrupt expansion of the cross-section.
  • the water vapor consumption can be significantly reduced in comparison with the known expansion devices.
  • the degree of expansion can be set continuously from 0 to a maximum value.
  • the degree of expansion essentially depends on the temperature and energy difference between the tobacco particles heated by condensation on the one hand and the evaporation temperature corresponding to the low pressure in the free jet emerging from the nozzle opening on the other hand.
  • the tobacco particles are heated to a maximum of the dew point temperature of the mixture used by condensation. This dew point temperature, which corresponds approximately to the temperature of the tobacco particles, depends on the concentration of the water vapor / air mixture and the pressure in the expansion chamber.
  • the expansion by flash evaporation starts when the tobacco temperature exceeds the evaporation temperature in the free jet and increases with increasing temperature difference.
  • a more cost-effective solution is the use of a fan for air mixing. For this, it is necessary to reduce the pressure loss when injected into the expansion chamber. This is done by opening additional nozzle holes in the Front wall of the expansion chamber.
  • the ratio of water vapor / air in the hot gas supplied to the expansion chamber can be varied in the range of a second so that the degree of expansion and thus the filling capacity can now be regulated by measuring the filling capacity, for example behind the dryer downstream of the expansion device, and if there is a deviation from one given the desired value the water vapor / air ratio in the hot gas accordingly.
  • the shredded, in particular cut tobacco material falls from a vibrating conveyor trough 12 via a filling opening 14 down into a cellular wheel sluice 16, which has two opposing, parallel disk-shaped end walls 16a, 16b, between which the rotatable shaft 16d of the cellular wheel is arranged.
  • a cellular wheel sluice 16 which has two opposing, parallel disk-shaped end walls 16a, 16b, between which the rotatable shaft 16d of the cellular wheel is arranged.
  • Several vanes 16c are seated on this shaft, so that the falling, crushed tobacco material is caught between two adjacent vanes 16c and is carried along when the vanes rotate about the axis of the cellular wheel.
  • the cellular wheel is surrounded by a cylindrical chamber (not shown in more detail), on the inner wall of which the outer ends of the wings 16c rest and thereby avoid gas losses.
  • a "movable" expansion chamber is integrated into this rotary valve 16 and is formed in each case by the two lowest wings 16c in connection with the part of the chamber wall which extends between these two wings.
  • nozzle openings 18 In the part of the right end wall 16a as shown in FIG. 1, which is assigned to this expansion chamber, there are three nozzle openings 18 in the embodiment shown; in this embodiment, the nozzle openings 18 have a circle shaped cross section and can be formed for example by cylindrical bores.
  • a distribution chamber 20 adjoins the right end wall 16a and is connected to the expansion chamber via the nozzle openings 18.
  • a water vapor / air mixture with a pressure of approximately 3 bar is supplied to the distribution chamber 20, as indicated in FIG. 1.
  • compressed air from a compressed air source 22 and saturated water vapor from a corresponding source 24 are supplied via lines 23, 25 with flow meters 27 and regulating valves 26 and mixed in the high pressure steam line 28 in front of the distribution chamber 20.
  • an acceleration pipe 30 with a cross section converging in the conveying direction, which passes into another pipe 32 with a constant cross section.
  • the tube 32 is followed by a step-like enlargement of the circular cross section, which then merges into a delay tube 34 with a rectangular, in particular square, cross section.
  • This pipe 34 is followed by a curved pipe 36 through which the tobacco material is fed to an airflow dryer 38.
  • the dryer 38 receives air from a source 42, which is accelerated by a fan 44 and heated by a heating device 46.
  • the mixture of tobacco material / air leaving the dryer 38 is divided in a tangential separator 48 into tobacco material on the one hand, which is fed to the corresponding outlet 50, and air on the other hand, which is fed to the outlet 58 on a line 54 by means of a fan 56.
  • the shredded tobacco material is taken down from the wings 16c of the cellular wheel to the bottom of the cylindrical chamber surrounding the cellular wheel, it is carried there by the water vapor / air mixture, which is at a pressure of 3 bar the distribution chamber 20 and the nozzle openings 18 flow into the expansion chamber and the tobacco material accelerates to a pressure drop of at least 50 m / s.
  • the tobacco material is slipped over the floor in layers and thereby transported out of the expansion chamber into the pipe 30.
  • the nozzle openings 18 are expediently adapted to the direction of movement of the cellular wheel, so that the first tobacco particles brought into the expansion chamber by a wing 16c are immediately acted upon by the water vapor / air mixture, and thus the tobacco material stays in the expansion chamber for less than a little 1 / Is 10 s.
  • the temperature of the water vapor / air mixture should be between 50 and 500 ° C.
  • the tobacco material which is partially expanded in the free jets, is pneumatically transported in the acceleration tube 30, thereby expanded again and fed to the step-like transition between tube 32 and tube 34.
  • the step and the subsequent transition from the circular cross section to the square cross section ensures a very gentle treatment of the sensitive, now expanded tobacco particles, which are also carefully guided in the curved tube 36 and dried in the dryer 38 by means of supplied heated air; the tobacco material / air mixture thus formed is separated in the tangential separator 48 into the two components which are fed to the respective outlets, namely the air outlet 58 on the one hand and the tobacco material outlet 50 on the other hand.
  • FIG. 3 A more economical solution is shown in FIG. 3, namely the use of a fan for the air mixing.
  • air is supplied from a source 60 via a flow meter 62, a fan 64 and a regulator valve 66 on a line 68 and mixed in line 70 with the water vapor coming from a source 72 via a flow meter 74, a steam dryer 76 and a regulating valve 78 is supplied on a line 80.
  • the line 70 with the water vapor / air mixture is connected to a nozzle 82 of the distribution chamber 20.
  • nozzle openings 18 While the nozzle openings 18 are always open, the nozzle openings 18a can be closed more or less if necessary;
  • a piston 84 extends in the longitudinal direction of the distribution chamber 20, the tip of which, as shown in FIG. 3, protrudes into the nozzle opening 18a and thereby more or less closes its flow cross section.
  • the pressure loss occurring when the water vapor / air mixture is introduced from the distribution chamber 20 into the expansion chamber can be reduced by opening the additional nozzle openings 18a by displacing the piston 84 to the right.
  • the additional nozzle openings 18a are closed, i.e. the water vapor now flows through the nozzle openings 18 into the expansion chamber at extremely high speed.
  • FIG. 4 shows another embodiment without additional energy costs, in which a steam jet pump 88 is used as the flow drive.
  • This steam jet pump 88 is connected on the one hand via line 70 to the connecting piece 82 of the distribution chamber 20, which has the structure shown in FIG. 3, and on the other hand via line 68, the valve 66, the flow meter 62 to the air source 60.
  • the steam jet pump 88 is on line 80 with the steam dryer 76, the flow meter 74 and the steam source 72 connected.
  • the two lines 68, 80 are connected to a regulating valve 92 via a further line 90.
  • the pressure loss during the injection from the distribution chamber 20 into the expansion chamber must be reduced by the variable cross section of the nozzle opening 18a.
  • FIG. 5 shows a basic illustration of such an expansion control, which has no influence whatsoever on other process parameters, for example the setting of the dryer.
  • the filling capacity of the expanded cut tobacco is detected by means of a suitable sensor, as can be seen for example from DE-OS 3 234 258.
  • This actual value from the sensor 94 is sent to a control device 96, which also receives actual values from two flow meters 98, 99, namely a flow meter 98 for the amount of steam and a flow meter 99 for the air volume.
  • control device forms, for example according to a predetermined algorithm, control signals for the two actuators, namely the two control valves 26 for the air and the water vapor in the embodiment according to FIG. 1.
  • the regulating valves in the other embodiments according to FIGS. 3 and 4 can also be controlled in a corresponding manner.
  • the expansion in the expansion device which is only schematically indicated, and which has the structure shown in FIG. 1, can be set and controlled.
  • the expanded tobacco material / hot gas mixture does not have to be fed directly to an airflow dryer, but can also be separated from one another in suitable separators and the expanded tobacco material can be fed to a drum / belt or fluid bed dryer, for example.

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  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
EP88103303A 1987-03-31 1988-03-03 Dispositif pour l'expansion de tabac coupé Expired - Lifetime EP0285811B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3710677 1987-03-31
DE19873710677 DE3710677A1 (de) 1987-03-31 1987-03-31 Vorrichtung zum expandieren von zerkleinertem tabakmaterial

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0285811A1 true EP0285811A1 (fr) 1988-10-12
EP0285811B1 EP0285811B1 (fr) 1991-09-04

Family

ID=6324457

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88103303A Expired - Lifetime EP0285811B1 (fr) 1987-03-31 1988-03-03 Dispositif pour l'expansion de tabac coupé

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4844101A (fr)
EP (1) EP0285811B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU604304B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1300461C (fr)
DE (2) DE3710677A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK171412B1 (fr)
FI (1) FI85939C (fr)
MY (1) MY102670A (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0370489A1 (fr) * 1988-11-23 1990-05-30 COMAS S.p.A. Procédé et dispositif pour gonfler du tabac coupé et humidifié
EP0484899A1 (fr) * 1990-11-07 1992-05-13 Japan Tobacco Inc. Procédé et appareil pour l'expansion du tabac
EP0546986A1 (fr) * 1991-12-09 1993-06-16 EGRI, Laszlo, Dr. Expansion et sèchage du tabac
EP0823220A1 (fr) * 1996-08-09 1998-02-11 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Procédé et appareil d'expansion du tabac
US6062228A (en) * 1995-09-29 2000-05-16 Biotec Biologische Natuverpackungen Gmbh & Co., Kg Biodegradable filter material and method for its manufacture
ITVE20100036A1 (it) * 2010-07-05 2012-01-06 Comas Costruzioni Macchine Specia Li S P A Metodo di espansione del tabacco ed impianto per attuare il metodo.
ITVE20110075A1 (it) * 2011-11-23 2013-05-24 Comas Costruzioni Macchine Specia Li S P A Metodo di espansione ed essiccazione del tabacco
CN105249527A (zh) * 2015-10-31 2016-01-20 武汉纽威制药机械有限公司 一种水射流粉碎和离心膜减压低温蒸馏提取烟草致香成分的方法
CN105433433A (zh) * 2015-10-31 2016-03-30 武汉纽威晨创科技发展股份有限公司 一种水射流粉碎和离心膜微波蒸馏提取烟草致香成分的方法
EP1704369B1 (fr) * 2004-01-13 2018-07-04 Schenck Process Europe GmbH Vanne a roue cellulaire

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0301217B1 (fr) * 1987-07-29 1993-02-03 B.A.T. Cigarettenfabriken GmbH Dispositif pour séparer des particules de tabac d'un mélange gaz/tabac
DE4117329A1 (de) * 1991-05-27 1992-12-03 Bat Cigarettenfab Gmbh Trocknungsverfahren zur fuellfaehigkeitssteigerung von tabakmaterial und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung dieses verfahrens
ES2134831T3 (es) * 1992-12-31 1999-10-16 Philip Morris Prod Mejora en la fabricacion de cigarrillos.
GB9322967D0 (en) * 1993-11-08 1994-01-05 Gbe International Plc A process and apparatus for treating a hygroscopic material
US5582193A (en) * 1994-08-24 1996-12-10 Philip Morris Incorporated Method and apparatus for expanding tobacco
DE19543263C2 (de) 1995-11-20 2001-04-19 Bat Cigarettenfab Gmbh Verfahren und Anlage zur Behandlung von Tabakblättern für die Herstellung von Schnittabak
DE19543262C2 (de) * 1995-11-20 1997-12-18 Bat Cigarettenfab Gmbh Verfahren und Anlage zur Behandlung von Tabakblättern für die Herstellung von Schnittabak
US5826590A (en) * 1996-09-26 1998-10-27 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. Method and plant for treating tobacco stems for the production of cut tobacco
GB9922746D0 (en) * 1999-09-24 1999-11-24 Rothmans International Ltd Tobacco processing
US7556047B2 (en) * 2003-03-20 2009-07-07 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method of expanding tobacco using steam
FI121647B (fi) 2009-07-01 2011-02-28 Palodex Group Oy Hammasröntgenlaitteen liikemekanismi
CN103099312B (zh) * 2013-03-01 2014-11-19 昆明雷恩科技有限公司 一种伸缩吹嘴
CN103960768B (zh) * 2014-03-10 2015-09-02 广东省金叶科技开发有限公司 一种干法造纸法再造烟叶生产的浆料喷涂装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0049534A1 (fr) * 1980-10-07 1982-04-14 Tamag Basel Ag Procédé pour le changement de volume des côtes de tabac découpées et dispositif pour la réalisation de ce procédé
DE3147846A1 (de) * 1981-09-05 1983-06-16 B.A.T. Cigaretten-Fabriken Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Verfahren zur verbesserung der fuellfaehigkeit von tabakmaterial
GB2111820A (en) * 1981-12-17 1983-07-13 American Brands Method for expanding tobacco with steam at high temperature and velocity
GB2176385A (en) * 1985-06-15 1986-12-31 British American Tobacco Co Improvments relating to the expansion of tobacco

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4418706A (en) * 1981-09-21 1983-12-06 Office Of Monopoly Method for expanding tobacco and apparatus therefor
US4625736A (en) * 1981-09-23 1986-12-02 Rothchild Ronald D Method and apparatus for expanding tobacco with water
CH658367A5 (de) * 1982-05-11 1986-11-14 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg Verfahren und vorrichtung zum volumenvergroessern von tabak.
DE3315274A1 (de) * 1982-05-11 1983-11-17 Hauni-Werke Körber & Co KG, 2050 Hamburg Verfahren und vorrichtung zum volumenvergroessern von tabak
DE3234258A1 (de) * 1982-09-15 1984-03-15 B.A.T. Cigaretten-Fabriken Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Einrichtung zur ermittlung der fuellfaehigkeit von geschnittenen tabakmaterialien
US4791942A (en) * 1986-08-01 1988-12-20 The American Tobacco Company Process and apparatus for the expansion of tobacco
GB8712618D0 (en) * 1987-05-28 1987-07-01 British American Tobacco Co Expansion of tobacco

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0049534A1 (fr) * 1980-10-07 1982-04-14 Tamag Basel Ag Procédé pour le changement de volume des côtes de tabac découpées et dispositif pour la réalisation de ce procédé
DE3147846A1 (de) * 1981-09-05 1983-06-16 B.A.T. Cigaretten-Fabriken Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Verfahren zur verbesserung der fuellfaehigkeit von tabakmaterial
GB2111820A (en) * 1981-12-17 1983-07-13 American Brands Method for expanding tobacco with steam at high temperature and velocity
GB2176385A (en) * 1985-06-15 1986-12-31 British American Tobacco Co Improvments relating to the expansion of tobacco

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5060670A (en) * 1988-11-23 1991-10-29 Comas S.P.A. Method and apparatus for blowing cut moisturized tobacco material
EP0370489A1 (fr) * 1988-11-23 1990-05-30 COMAS S.p.A. Procédé et dispositif pour gonfler du tabac coupé et humidifié
EP0484899A1 (fr) * 1990-11-07 1992-05-13 Japan Tobacco Inc. Procédé et appareil pour l'expansion du tabac
US5379780A (en) * 1990-11-07 1995-01-10 Japan Tobacco Inc. Method and system for expanding tobacco
EP0546986A1 (fr) * 1991-12-09 1993-06-16 EGRI, Laszlo, Dr. Expansion et sèchage du tabac
US5307822A (en) * 1991-12-09 1994-05-03 Laszlo Egri Expanding and drying tobacco
US6062228A (en) * 1995-09-29 2000-05-16 Biotec Biologische Natuverpackungen Gmbh & Co., Kg Biodegradable filter material and method for its manufacture
EP0823220A1 (fr) * 1996-08-09 1998-02-11 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Procédé et appareil d'expansion du tabac
US5908032A (en) * 1996-08-09 1999-06-01 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method of and apparatus for expanding tobacco
EP1704369B1 (fr) * 2004-01-13 2018-07-04 Schenck Process Europe GmbH Vanne a roue cellulaire
ITVE20100036A1 (it) * 2010-07-05 2012-01-06 Comas Costruzioni Macchine Specia Li S P A Metodo di espansione del tabacco ed impianto per attuare il metodo.
ITVE20110075A1 (it) * 2011-11-23 2013-05-24 Comas Costruzioni Macchine Specia Li S P A Metodo di espansione ed essiccazione del tabacco
CN105249527A (zh) * 2015-10-31 2016-01-20 武汉纽威制药机械有限公司 一种水射流粉碎和离心膜减压低温蒸馏提取烟草致香成分的方法
CN105433433A (zh) * 2015-10-31 2016-03-30 武汉纽威晨创科技发展股份有限公司 一种水射流粉碎和离心膜微波蒸馏提取烟草致香成分的方法
CN105433433B (zh) * 2015-10-31 2017-03-22 武汉纽威晨创科技发展股份有限公司 水射流粉碎和离心膜微波蒸馏提取烟草致香成分的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU1389488A (en) 1988-09-29
AU604304B2 (en) 1990-12-13
FI881330A (fi) 1988-10-01
FI85939C (fi) 1992-06-25
DE3710677C2 (fr) 1990-05-23
US4844101A (en) 1989-07-04
DE3864558D1 (de) 1991-10-10
DK154988A (da) 1988-10-01
DE3710677A1 (de) 1988-10-13
EP0285811B1 (fr) 1991-09-04
FI881330A0 (fi) 1988-03-21
FI85939B (fi) 1992-03-13
MY102670A (en) 1992-08-17
CA1300461C (fr) 1992-05-12
DK171412B1 (da) 1996-10-21
DK154988D0 (da) 1988-03-22

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