EP0278115B1 - Buse de pulvérisation - Google Patents

Buse de pulvérisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0278115B1
EP0278115B1 EP87119244A EP87119244A EP0278115B1 EP 0278115 B1 EP0278115 B1 EP 0278115B1 EP 87119244 A EP87119244 A EP 87119244A EP 87119244 A EP87119244 A EP 87119244A EP 0278115 B1 EP0278115 B1 EP 0278115B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
outlet openings
chamber
internal chamber
openings
duct
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87119244A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0278115A1 (fr
Inventor
Cornel Füglistaller
Jakob Dr. Keller
Thomas Dr. Sattelmayer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
Original Assignee
BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland filed Critical BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
Publication of EP0278115A1 publication Critical patent/EP0278115A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0278115B1 publication Critical patent/EP0278115B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/08—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
    • B05B7/0892—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point the outlet orifices for jets constituted by a liquid or a mixture containing a liquid being disposed on a circle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0441—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
    • B05B7/0458—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber the gas and liquid flows being perpendicular just upstream the mixing chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0441—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
    • B05B7/0475—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber with means for deflecting the peripheral gas flow towards the central liquid flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0491—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid the liquid and the gas being mixed at least twice along the flow path of the liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/08—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/101—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet
    • F23D11/102—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet in an internal mixing chamber

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an atomizer nozzle for atomizing liquid fuel with the supply of air.
  • the energy required for atomization is drawn exclusively or at least predominantly from the atomizing air.
  • the atomization takes place for the subsequent combustion of the fuel.
  • the aim is to atomize as finely as possible.
  • the atomizer nozzle is intended to form the head of the burner lance of a gas turbine burner in order to also design it for the combustion of liquid fuel.
  • it is intended to be used in a gas turbine burner with a plurality of burner lances arranged on an annular combustion chamber.
  • the known atomizer nozzles are all unsuitable for the intended use in a gas turbine burner, in particular with a plurality of burner lances arranged on an annular combustion chamber. This is especially true with regard to their spatial atomization characteristics. It is too centered. An atomizer nozzle that can be used within the intended scope must have a considerably more diversified atomization characteristic in order to ensure cross-ignition between adjacent burner lances of the same combustion chamber. On the other hand, despite the wide atomization characteristics, the flame must be maintained when the fuel supply is reduced to very lean fuel / air ratios. With regard to combustion that is as low in pollutants as possible, the atomizer nozzle should also have the highest possible atomization quality.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an atomizer nozzle for atomizing liquid fuel with air supply, which meets the aforementioned requirements.
  • the atomizing nozzle according to the present invention accordingly has i.a. an inner chamber and an outer chamber surrounding this in the form of a jacket, which are provided with several overlapping outlet openings. Only a part of the air flows into the inner chamber and, in addition to coarse atomization of the liquid fuel also flowing into the inner chamber, serves essentially to distribute it evenly over its outlet openings. The other part of the air flows around the inner chamber through the outer chamber and is mixed in concentrically with the coarsely atomized fuel emerging from the outlet openings of the inner chamber. This prevents liquid fuel fragments from coming into contact with the walls of the outlet opening of the outer chamber. This effect usually occurs with the previously known atomizer nozzles and leads to a serious deterioration in the atomizer quality.
  • the flame stability is directly influenced by the atomizer nozzle.
  • FIG. 1 an atomizer nozzle is shown in a sectional view with an inner chamber 1 and an outer chamber 2.
  • the outer chamber 2 surrounds the inner chamber 1 in a jacket shape. It has an approximately hemispherical shape.
  • the air channel is also connected to the outer chamber 2 via connecting openings 8.
  • the inlet opening 7 of the air duct 5 into the inner chamber either has an annular cross section or is formed by a plurality of individual openings distributed in a ring. The same applies to the connection openings 8.
  • the inner chamber 1 On its side opposite the inlet openings 6 and 7, the inner chamber 1 is provided with a plurality of outlet openings 9, 10.
  • outlet openings 9 and four outlet openings 10 are provided.
  • the outlet openings 9 form an angle (polar angle) in the range between 20 ° and 45 ° , but preferably of 25 °, with the axis 4.
  • the outlet opening gen 10 form an angle with the axis 4 in the range between 45 ° and 70 ° , but preferably of 65 ° .
  • the outlet openings 9 and 10 are offset from one another with respect to a rotation about the axis 4 by an angle of 45 ° (azimuth angle).
  • the cross section of the inner chamber 1 tapers towards its outlet openings 9, 10.
  • the inner chamber In the direction from its inlet openings 6, 7 towards its outlet openings 9, 10, the inner chamber is initially cylindrical, then frustoconical.
  • the outlet openings 9, 10 emanate from the frustoconical part, with respect to the said direction or the axis 4, of the same cross-section and at a corresponding distance from this axis.
  • the outlet openings 9, 10 accordingly form an annular row of holes in the inner chamber 1.
  • the outlet openings 9, 10 of the inner chamber 1 open into the outer chamber 2.
  • the latter has a correspondingly large number of outlet openings 11, 12 which overlap with the outlet openings 9, 10 of the inner chamber.
  • the cross section of the outlet openings 11, 12 of the outer chamber 2 is larger than the cross section of the outlet openings of the inner chamber 1. It preferably corresponds to the sum of the cross section of the outlet openings 9, 10 of the inner chamber 1 and the annular cross section of the openings of the outer chamber 2 towards their outlet openings.
  • the last-mentioned annular cross section results in 1t.D.W, where D is the diameter of the outlet openings 11, 12 of the outer chamber 2 and W is their width at their outlet openings 9,10.
  • the outlet openings 11, 12 of the outer chamber 2 widen outwards in a cone shape.
  • the diameter mentioned, the slight overpressure of the fuel in the fuel channel 3 and the length of the inner chamber 1 from its inlet opening 6 to its opposite wall are coordinated with one another in such a way that a thin fuel jet, approximately hitting the center of the opposite wall, results.
  • the length of the inner chamber 1 should therefore not be greater than approximately 20 times the diameter of its inlet opening 6.
  • Atomizing air is supplied via the air duct 5 and also under excess pressure. This overpressure is approximately 1.05 to 1.3 times, preferably 1.2 times the external pressure in the vicinity of the atomizing nozzle. The atomizing air must supply most of the energy required to atomize the liquid fuel.
  • a particularly good atomization cannot be achieved by being expelled from the outlet openings 9, 10 of the inner chamber 1 alone, since part of the fuel wets the walls of the outlet openings 9, 10 and forms a wall film.
  • the desired high atomization quality is only achieved by the outer chamber 2.
  • the main part of the atomizing air supplied through the air duct 5 enters the outer chamber 2 via the connection openings 8 and flows around the inner chamber 1.
  • This effect reliably prevents the fuel drops of the fuel aerosol emerging from the inner chamber 1 from coming into contact with the walls of the outlet openings 11, 12. This leads to a considerable improvement in the atomizing quality.
  • the main part of the atomizing air preferably approx. 70-80%, flows through the outer chamber 2, its flow resistance and the flow resistance of the connection openings 8 must be dimensioned in a suitable manner in relation to the flow resistance through the inner chamber 1.
  • the diameter of the outlet openings 9, 10 of the inner chamber 1 should be approximately a factor 1.33 larger than the diameter of their inlet opening 6.
  • grooves 13, which are indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 1, are preferably between the outlet openings 9, 10 and 11, 12 in which the in nenhunt 1 provided by the outer chamber 2 separating wall on the side facing the latter.
  • the selected angles of the outlet openings 9, 10 and 11, 12 relative to the axis 4, in particular by dividing the outlet openings 9, 10 and 11, 12 into two groups 9, 11 and 10, 12 with different angles make one in view achieved optimal spatial atomization characteristics for the intended use in a gas turbine combustion chamber.
  • a reliable cross-ignition to neighboring burners of the same type is guaranteed by the outlet openings 10, 12.
  • the selected number of only a total of eight outlet openings 9, 10 or 11, 12 is advantageous to the extent that, given this number, no negative pressure zone constricting its width can form in the center of the flow field. There is enough space between the outlet openings for pressure equalization.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Gicleur à pulvérisation pour la pulvérisation de combustible liquide avec une arrivée d'air, caractérisé par les particularités suivantes:
- il présente une chambre intérieure (1), une chambre extérieure (2) entourant celle-ci et ayant approximativement la forme d'une coquille hémisphérique, un canal central (3) pour le combustible et un canal à air (5) entourant celui-ci avec le même axe (4);
- le canal central à combustible (3) et le canal à air (5) débouchent par des ouvertures d'entrée (6, 7) dans la chambre intérieure (1);
- le canal à air (5) est en outre en communication avec la chambre extérieure (2) par au moins une ouverture de communication (8);
- la chambre intérieure (1) présente, en face de ses ouvertures d'entrée (6, 7), plusieurs ouvertures de sortie (9, 10) qui débouchent dans la chambre extérieure (2);
- la chambre extérieure (2) présente des ouvertures de sortie (11, 12) menant vers l'extérieur, en nombre correspondant et se recouvrant avec les ouvertures de sortie (9, 10) de la chambre intérieure (1).
2. Gicleur à pulvérisation suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en outre par les particularités suivantes:
- il est prévu deux groupes de chacun de préférence quatre ouvertures de sortie (9, 11, resp. 10, 12) de la chambre intérieure (1) et de la chambre extérieure (2);
- les ouvertures de sortie (9, 11) de l'un des deux groupes forment avec l'axe (4) du canal à combustible (3) resp. du canal à air (5) un angle compris entre 20° et 45°, mais de préférence de 25°;
- les ouvertures de sortie (10, 12) de l'autre groupe forment avec l'axe (4) précité un angle compris entre 45° et 70°, mais de préférence de 65°.
3. Gicleur à pulvérisation suivant l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en outre par les particularités suivantes:
- les ouvertures de sortie (9, 10) de la chambre intérieure (1) débouchant dans la chambre extérieure (2) présentent une plus petite section que les ouvertures de sortie (11, 12) de la chambre extérieure (2) menant vers l'extérieur;
- les ouvertures de sortie (11, 12) de la chambre extérieure (2) s'élargissent en cône vers l'extérieur;
- la plus petite section des ouvertures de sortie (11, 12) de la chambre extérieure (2) correspond chaque fois à la somme de la section des ouvertures de sortie (9, 10) de la chambre intérieure (1) et de la section annulaire de l'ouverture de la chambre extérieure (2) vers ses ouvertures de sortie (11, 12).
4. Gicleur à pulvérisation suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en outre par la particularité suivante:
- les résistances à l'écoulement de la chambre intérieure (1) et de la chambre extérieure (2) sont, en particulier par un dimensionnement approprié des sections efficaces d'écoulement, choisies de telle manière l'une par rapport à l'autre qu'environ 70-90% de l'air venant du canal à air (5) s'écoule à travers la chambre extérieure (2) et que dès lors environ 10-30% seulement de l'air s'écoule à travers la chambre intérieure (1).
5. Gicleur à pulvérisation suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en outre par les particularités suivantes:
- la section de la chambre intérieure (1) se rétrécit vers ses ouvertures de sortie (9, 10);
- les ouvertures de sortie (9, 10) de la chambre intérieure (1) forment dans celle-ci une ligne de trous annulaire.
6. Gicleur à pulvérisation suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en outre par les particularités suivantes:
- la chambre extérieure (2) présente chaque fois une section d'écoulement minimale à ses ouvertures de sortie (11, 12);
- entre ses ouvertures de sortie (11, 12) la chambre extérieure (2) présente chaque fois une section d'écoulement plus grande qu'entre celles-ci et les ouvertures de communication (8) vers le canal à air (5).
7. Gicleur à pulvérisation suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en outre par les particularités suivantes:
- le diamètre de l'ouverture d'entrée (6) du canal à combustible (3) dans la chambre intérieure (1) vaut au moins 0,6 mm et au plus 1,2 mm;
- la longueur de la chambre intérieure (1) dans la direction de l'axe (4) du canal à combustible (3) resp. du canal à air (5) est environ 20 fois plus grande que le diamètre de l'ouverture d'entrée (6) du canal à combustible (3) dans la chambre intérieure (1);
- le diamètre des ouvertures de sortie (9, 10) de la chambre intérieure (1) est, pour un total de huit ouvertures de sortie, environ 1,33 fois plus grand que le diamètre de l'ouverture d'entrée (6) du canal à combustible (3) dans la chambre intérieure (1);
- le diamètre du canal à combustible (3) est environ 10 fois plus grand que son ouverture d'entrée (6) dans la chambre intérieure (1).
8. Gicleur à pulvérisation suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en outre par la particularité suivante:
il est conçu pour une surpression d'au moins 1,3 bar dans le canal à air (5) par rapport à son atmosphère environnante.
EP87119244A 1987-02-13 1987-12-28 Buse de pulvérisation Expired - Lifetime EP0278115B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH54587 1987-02-13
CH545/87 1987-02-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0278115A1 EP0278115A1 (fr) 1988-08-17
EP0278115B1 true EP0278115B1 (fr) 1990-04-11

Family

ID=4189469

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87119244A Expired - Lifetime EP0278115B1 (fr) 1987-02-13 1987-12-28 Buse de pulvérisation

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4890793A (fr)
EP (1) EP0278115B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2657157B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE3762288D1 (fr)

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FR2641365B1 (fr) * 1988-12-30 1991-12-13 Pillard Chauffage Procedes et dispositifs pour pulveriser finement un combustible liquide et bruleurs equipes de ces dispositifs
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DE19741752A1 (de) * 1997-09-22 1999-03-25 Basf Ag Injektor und dessen Verwendung zum Besprühen von Katalysatorbetten
US6174160B1 (en) * 1999-03-25 2001-01-16 University Of Washington Staged prevaporizer-premixer
US6478239B2 (en) 2000-01-25 2002-11-12 John Zink Company, Llc High efficiency fuel oil atomizer
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DE10259563A1 (de) * 2002-12-19 2004-07-01 Valeo Systèmes d`Essuyage Waschdüse zur Verwendung an Fahrzeugen zum Ausbringen eines flüssigen Reinigungs- oder Waschmediums
WO2006023884A2 (fr) * 2004-08-23 2006-03-02 Spraying Systems Co. Ensemble ameliore de buse de pulverisation par air de melange interne
WO2006026312A2 (fr) * 2004-08-25 2006-03-09 Spraying Systems Co. Ensemble buse de pulverisation par atomisation d'air resistant a l'accumulation
CN100427213C (zh) * 2005-05-13 2008-10-22 山东大学 内外混式超临界流体纳微材料制备喷嘴
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US20070044766A1 (en) * 2005-08-31 2007-03-01 Turbulent Diffusion Technology Inc. Fuel oil atomizer
US7735756B2 (en) * 2006-04-12 2010-06-15 Combustion Components Associates, Inc. Advanced mechanical atomization for oil burners
CN101547730B (zh) * 2007-09-04 2012-02-01 国际壳牌研究有限公司 喷嘴总管以及利用这种布置结构的高温气体骤冷方法
KR101547865B1 (ko) 2007-09-04 2015-08-27 쉘 인터내셔날 리써취 마트샤피지 비.브이. 켄칭 용기
WO2010023306A2 (fr) 2008-09-01 2010-03-04 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Agencement autonettoyant
US8365536B2 (en) * 2009-09-21 2013-02-05 General Electric Company Dual fuel combustor nozzle for a turbomachine
EP2388520B1 (fr) * 2010-05-20 2016-10-26 General Electric Technology GmbH Lance d'un brûleur d'une turbine à gaz
CN101982244B (zh) * 2010-10-22 2013-06-19 合肥辰泰安全设备有限责任公司 一种双流体雾化喷头
JP2014119194A (ja) * 2012-12-18 2014-06-30 Babcock-Hitachi Co Ltd 噴霧ノズル、噴霧ノズルを備えたバーナ及びバーナを備えた燃焼装置
JP6317631B2 (ja) * 2014-06-12 2018-04-25 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 噴霧ノズル、噴霧ノズルを備えた燃焼装置、及びガスタービンプラント
EP3015173B1 (fr) 2014-10-29 2017-09-06 PNR Italia S.r.l. Buse de pulvérisation à mélange interne d'air
JP6491898B2 (ja) * 2015-02-05 2019-03-27 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 噴霧ノズルおよび噴霧ノズルを用いた燃焼装置、ガスタービンプラント
DE102016208653A1 (de) * 2016-05-19 2017-11-23 Lechler Gmbh Düse zum Versprühen von Flüssigkeiten
WO2018060954A1 (fr) * 2016-09-30 2018-04-05 Hamworthy Combustion Engineering Limited Pointe poreuse pour atomiseurs et buses à gaz
US11305142B2 (en) * 2018-01-12 2022-04-19 Carrier Corporation End cap agent nozzle

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0278115A1 (fr) 1988-08-17
US4890793A (en) 1990-01-02
JP2657157B2 (ja) 1997-09-24
JPH01127067A (ja) 1989-05-19
DE3762288D1 (de) 1990-05-17

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