WO2018060954A1 - Pointe poreuse pour atomiseurs et buses à gaz - Google Patents

Pointe poreuse pour atomiseurs et buses à gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018060954A1
WO2018060954A1 PCT/IB2017/056023 IB2017056023W WO2018060954A1 WO 2018060954 A1 WO2018060954 A1 WO 2018060954A1 IB 2017056023 W IB2017056023 W IB 2017056023W WO 2018060954 A1 WO2018060954 A1 WO 2018060954A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
atomizer
fuel
distal end
burner
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2017/056023
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Keith Bailey
Paul Newman
Nick James
Original Assignee
Hamworthy Combustion Engineering Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hamworthy Combustion Engineering Limited filed Critical Hamworthy Combustion Engineering Limited
Publication of WO2018060954A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018060954A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/101—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet
    • F23D11/104—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet intersecting at a sharp angle, e.g. Y-jet atomiser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/16—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour in which an emulsion of water and fuel is sprayed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/38—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2212/00—Burner material specifications
    • F23D2212/20—Burner material specifications metallic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2213/00—Burner manufacture specifications
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/00016—Preventing or reducing deposit build-up on burner parts, e.g. from carbon

Definitions

  • the invention relates to porous tips, including atomizers and gas nozzles.
  • the porous tips can be used in flare applications, applications where pressurized steam or gas is needed, and for use in fuel burners.
  • Burners such as oil only or dual fuel (oil and gas) burners, usually have a single atomizer or a series of atomizers which use an atomizing medium, such as compressed gas (e.g. compressed air) or steam, to atomize the fuel.
  • the atomizer(s) then project atomized fuel into a combustion region of the burner where a flame can be established on application of an ignition source.
  • burners such as gas only or dual fuel burners, usually have a single gas nozzle or series of gas nozzles to project the fuel gas into a combustion zone.
  • Existing atomizers typically use inlets in the form of drilled or milled holes to introduce the fuel and the atomizing medium into an atomization region within the atomizer so that the atomizing medium breaks the fuel into small droplets (i.e. the atomizing medium "atomizes" the fuel).
  • the atomizer then delivers the atomized fuel through a plurality of outlets into a combustion region of the burner.
  • Fig. 1 shows a typical "Y" jet atomizer 10 in use.
  • a delivery system 12 is used to deliver fuel (such as oil or oil and gas mixtures) and an atomizing medium (such as steam or compressed gas (e.g. compressed air)) into the atomizer 10.
  • the delivery system 12 comprises an inner tube 14, an outer tube 16 and a tube spacer 18 for spacing the outer tube 16 from the inner tube 14.
  • the fuel is delivered into the atomizer 10 through a plurality of first inlets 20 and the atomizing medium is delivered into the atomizer 10 through a plurality of second inlets 22.
  • fuel is delivered between the inner tube 14 and the outer tube 16, and the atomizing medium is delivered through the inner tube 14.
  • the first inlets 20 are disposed radially outside the second inlets 22. Consequently, the fuel and the atomizing medium are brought into contact with each other within the atomizer 10 and this causes the fuel to break up into small droplets.
  • a spray 24 of atomized fuel then exits the atomizer 10 through a plurality of outlets 26 and is delivered into a combustion region of a burner where a flame can be established on application of an ignition source (not shown) to the spray 24.
  • a typical atomizer 10 is shown in Fig. 2. It can be seen that the outlets 26 through which the atomized fuel spray 24 is allowed to exit the atomizer 10 take the form of drilled or milled holes through an external surface of the atomizer 10.
  • the first 20 and second 22 inlets (not shown in Fig. 2) are located on the opposite side of the atomizer 10 to the outlets 26.
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a conventional ⁇ " jet atomizer 10.
  • the atomizer comprises a first inlet 20 through which fuel is delivered into the atomizer 10 and a second inlet 22 through which the atomizing medium is delivered into the atomizer 10.
  • the fuel and the atomizing medium are brought into contact with each other within the atomizer 10 and this causes the fuel to break up into small droplets.
  • the atomizer comprises a plurality of outlets 26 through which the atomized fuel then exits the atomizer 10 and enters a combustion region of a burner where a flame can be established on application of an ignition source (not shown) to the atomized fuel.
  • Fig. 4 shows a known oil atomizer with unwanted carbon deposits on the exposed outer surfaces resulting from excessive heating by a flame in a combustion region of a burner. These carbon deposits drastically affect the performance of the atomizer and, consequently, the burner.
  • porous tip such as an atomizer or gas nozzle for a burner comprising:
  • a proximal end comprising at least one inlet configured to allow fuel, gas, steam and/or an atomizing medium to enter the atomization region;
  • a distal end comprising at least one outlet configured to allow atomized fuel, gas, steam or fuel gas to exit the atomization region; and optionally a fluid delivery means for delivering a fluid to the distal end to cool and/or clean the distal end.
  • the fluid delivery means may comprise at least one fluid delivery port for delivering the fluid to the distal end.
  • the fluid delivery means may comprise a plurality of fluid delivery ports for delivering the fluid to the distal end.
  • the fluid delivery means may comprise a porous or sintered portion configured to permit passage of the fluid therethrough.
  • the fluid delivery means may comprise a matrix, mesh, web, net or grid surface configured to permit passage of the fluid therethrough.
  • the fluid delivery means may be configured to deliver the fluid to an external surface of the distal end.
  • the fluid delivery means may be configured to deliver the fluid to the distal end from within the porous tip, atomizer or nozzle.
  • the fluid may comprise the atomizing medium (e.g. the fluid and the atomizing medium are the same).
  • the fluid delivery means may be configured to deliver the atomizing medium to the distal end to cool and/or clean the distal end.
  • Delivering fluid (e.g. atomizing medium) to the distal end of the porous tip, atomizer or nozzle in this way serves two advantageous purposes. Firstly, it cools the distal end to prevent excessive heat at the distal end which, in turn, prevents the build-up of unwanted unburnt fuel (e.g. carbon) deposits. Secondly, the flow of the atomizing medium, which may have been compressed, cleans the distal end and removes any unwanted unburnt fuel (e.g. carbon) deposits which may already have gathered. Therefore, providing a fluid delivery means improves the performance of the porous tip, atomizer or nozzle and the burner by preventing and removing unwanted unburnt fuel (e.g. carbon) deposits at the distal end of the porous tip, atomizer or nozzle.
  • unburnt fuel e.g. carbon
  • the fluid is not necessarily needed to cool or clean the distal end.
  • the fluid is an optional component.
  • the fluid may serve to further atomize the entrained water particles within the steam or to introduce a combustion medium into the steam (e.g. process gas, hydrocarbon gas), but not necessarily to cool or clean.
  • a combustion medium e.g. process gas, hydrocarbon gas
  • the fluid would not necessarily cool or clean, but would introduce steam or a combustion medium (e.g. process gas, hydrocarbon gas) into the pressurized gas stream.
  • the porous tip would not necessarily function as an atomizer, but rather as a burner or flare tip that uses two fluid streams.
  • burner or flare tip configurations where only a single fluid stream (e.g. steam, pressurized gas, process gas, hydrocarbon gas, or a combination) is needed. In this configuration, a cooling or cleaning fluid is not needed.
  • the porous burner tip acts to diffuse the fluid into a combustion zone.
  • This burner or flare tip may be used in conjunction with other fuel tips or steam injection nozzles.
  • the proximal end of the porous tip, atomizer or nozzle may comprise at least one first inlet configured to allow fuel to enter the atomization region and at least one second inlet configured to allow an atomizing medium to enter the atomization region.
  • the proximal end of the porous tip may comprise a plurality of first inlets (e.g. 7).
  • the proximal end of the porous tip may comprise a plurality of second inlets (e.g. 7).
  • the distal end of the porous tip may comprise a plurality of outlets (e.g. 7).
  • Each second inlet may comprise a first conduit for transporting the atomizing medium to the atomization region and a second conduit for transporting the atomizing medium to the distal end.
  • atomizing medium e.g. from the same source
  • the first inlet(s) and the second inlet(s) may be configured to direct fuel entering the atomization region through the first inlet and atomizing medium entering the atomization region through the second inlet towards each other to atomize the fuel.
  • the porous tip, atomizer or nozzle may be manufactured using additive layer manufacturing (ALM).
  • ALM additive layer manufacturing
  • the porous tip, atomizer or nozzle may comprise a metal or a metal alloy.
  • the porous tip, atomizer, or nozzle may comprise Inconel 718, cobalt chrome or other available alloys.
  • 3-D printing techniques such as ALM, allow very precise control of the shapes and dimensions of features of the porous tip, atomizers, or nozzle, such as the ports and/or conduits which transport the secondary fluid or cooling/cleaning fluid (e.g. the atomizing medium) to the distal end of the atomizer. It is these features that allow the porous tip, atomizers, and nozzles of the invention to have significantly improved performance compared with conventional porous tips.
  • the fuel may comprise an oil, gas, or an oil and gas mixture.
  • the fuel may comprise diesel oil, marine gas oil, gas oil, low sulphur marine gas oil (LSMGO), heavy fuel oil (HFO), ultra low sulphur heavy fuel oil (ULSHFO), any other liquid fuel, or fuel gas such as process gas or hydrocarbon gas (e.g. methane).
  • pressurized gas or steam can be used in replace of the fuel.
  • the atomizing medium may comprise compressed gas (e.g. compressed air) or steam.
  • the atomizing medium is substituted with a fluid that can comprise process gas or hydrocarbon gas.
  • the porous tip functions more as a burner or flare tip, and not an atomizer.
  • a single fluid steam, pressurized gas, process gas, hydrocarbon gas, or combination
  • a single fluid steam, pressurized gas, process gas, hydrocarbon gas, or combination
  • outlet of the porous tip is in fluid communication with the combustion zone and is configured to introduce atomized fuel into the combustion zone.
  • the porous tip can be an atomizer or nozzle.
  • the combustion zone may be a primary combustion zone.
  • the burner may further comprise a combustion stabilising device (e.g. a swirler, bluff body, or fluidic recirculation zone) that creates the combustion zone.
  • a combustion stabilising device e.g. a swirler, bluff body, or fluidic recirculation zone
  • the burner may be a diesel burner or a HFO burner.
  • a flame device comprising:
  • porous flare or burner tip according to any aspect of the invention, wherein the outlet of the porous tip is in fluid communication with the combustion zone and is configured to introduce a fluid into the combustion zone.
  • the fluid can be steam, pressurized gas, process gas, hydrocarbon gas, or a combination. In this alternative configuration, a cooling or cleaning fluid is not needed.
  • Fig. 1 shows a known atomizer in use
  • Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of a known atomizer
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a known atomizer
  • Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of a known atomizer with unwanted carbon deposits
  • Fig. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of an atomizer according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 6 shows a surface for use as part or whole of a fluid delivery means in an atomizer according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 5 shows one embodiment of the invention where the porous tip is an atomizer.
  • the atomizer 1 10 comprises a proximal end 102, a distal end 104 and a main body 106.
  • the main body 106 defines an atomization region 108 within the atomizer 1 10 within which fuel is atomized.
  • the proximal end 102 of the atomizer 1 10 comprises at least one first inlet 120 or, typically, a plurality of first inlets 120, as described above with respect to Figs. 1 to 4, which are configured to allow fuel to enter the atomization region 108 within the atomizer 1 10.
  • the proximal end 102 of the atomizer 1 10 also comprises at least one second inlet 122 or, typically, a plurality of second inlets 122, as described above with respect to Figs. 1 to 4, which are configured to allow an atomizing medium, such as steam or compressed gas (e.g. compressed air), to enter the atomization region 108 within the atomizer 1 10.
  • the purpose of the atomizing medium is to break the fuel into small droplets when the fuel and the atomizing medium are brought into contact with each other within the atomization region 108; in other words, the atomizing medium "atomizes" the fuel.
  • the first inlets 120 and the second inlets 122 are configured to direct fuel entering the atomization region 108 through the first inlets 120 and atomizing medium entering the atomization region 108 through the second inlets 122 towards each other to atomize the fuel.
  • the distal end 104 of the atomizer 1 10 comprises at least one outlet 126 or, typically, a plurality of outlets 126 through which a spray of atomized fuel exits the atomizer 1 10.
  • the outlets 126 are in fluid communication with a primary combustion zone of a burner (not shown) and the spray of atomized fuel typically enters the primary combustion zone once it has exited the atomizer 1 10 through the outlets 126.
  • a non-circular first and/or second inlet is beneficial as it allows the atomizing medium and the fuel to come into contact with each other across a greater contact surface area than with the use of traditional circular milled or drilled holes. This results in better atomization and a greater contact surface area between the resulting atomized fuel and the combustion air in a burner that would typically be in fluid communication with the outlets of the atomizer.
  • the use of non-circular first and/or second inlets therefore permits the burner to operate over a far greater load range than is possible using conventional atomizers whilst maintaining acceptable burner performance.
  • the outlets 126 protrude from an external surface of the distal end of the atomizer, typically at different orientations.
  • the atomizer 1 10 comprises a surface cut-out in the form of a channel, groove, cut, trough or indent in the external surface between at least one outlet 126 and at least one other outlet 126, or surrounding the outlets 126.
  • the outlets 126 may protrude from the external surface of the distal end 104 so that they are proud of the distal end 104. This permits a better flow of combustion air between the outlets 126 when compared with a simple milled or drilled "hole" arrangement such as those shown in Figs. 1 to 4.
  • the outlets can also comprise a bore or lumen defining an internal cross- section and a tube (i.e. the "body" of the outlet) defining an external cross-section and for the internal cross-section and external cross-section to be non-circular (e.g. square, rectangular, curved or any other suitable shape).
  • the internal cross-section and the external cross-section are shaped to improve the flow of combustion air between the outlets 226.
  • the internal cross-section is in the shape of a curved slot, which provides an improved spray pattern of atomized fuel
  • the external cross-section is "tear-shaped" or "aerofoil-shaped” which provides a significantly improved flow of combustion air between the outlets.
  • a problem with existing atomizers and burners is that the close proximity of a flame or a hot surface to the atomizer, particularly to the outlets of the atomizer, can cause the atomizers to suffer from the effects of excessive heat. This excessive heat can cause the build-up of unburnt fuel on the surface of the atomizer or, in extreme cases, failure of the atomizer material.
  • atomizers 1 10 comprise a fluid delivery means 128 for delivering a fluid to the distal end to cool and/or clean the distal end.
  • the fluid delivery means 128 comprises a plurality of fluid delivery ports 130 for delivering a cooling and/or cleaning fluid to an external surface of the distal end.
  • the second inlets 122 comprise a first conduit 132 which is configured to allow a portion of the atomizing medium, such as steam or compressed gas (e.g. compressed air), to enter the atomization region 108 within the atomizer 1 10, as described above.
  • the second inlets 122 also comprise a second conduit 134 which is configured to deliver a portion of the atomizing medium to the distal end 104 of the atomizer 1 10.
  • the second conduit 134 transports the atomizing medium to a void 136 within the distal end 104.
  • the atomizing medium is then allowed to pass from the void 136 to the external surface of the distal end 104 through the fluid delivery ports 130.
  • Delivering fluid e.g. atomizing medium
  • it cools the distal end 104 to prevent excessive heat at the distal end 104 which, in turn, prevents the build-up of unwanted carbon deposits.
  • the flow of the atomizing medium, which may have been compressed, around the distal end 104 cleans the distal end 104 and removes any unwanted carbon deposits which may already have gathered. Therefore, providing a fluid delivery means improves the performance of the atomizer and the burner by preventing and removing unwanted carbon deposits at the distal end.
  • the fluid delivery means can comprise a porous or sintered portion 137 through which the atomizing medium can pass from the void 136 to the external surface of the distal end 104.
  • the porosity of this portion can be selected (e.g. using 3-D printing techniques, such as additive layer manufacturing (ALM)) to achieve the desired passage of atomizing medium therethrough.
  • the fluid delivery means can also comprise a matrix, mesh, web, net or grid surface 138 through which the atomizing medium can pass from the void 136 to the external surface of the distal end 104. An example of such a surface 138 is shown in Fig. 6.
  • the size of apertures 140 in the matrix, mesh, web, net or grid surface 138 can be selected (e.g. using 3-D printing techniques, such as additive layer manufacturing (ALM)) to achieve the desired passage of atomizing medium therethrough.
  • the atomizers described above in accordance with embodiments of the invention may need to be manufactured using 3-D printing techniques, such as additive layer manufacturing (ALM).
  • 3-D printing techniques such as ALM, allow very precise control of the shapes and dimensions of features of the atomizers, such as the ports, surfaces and/or conduits which transport cooling/cleaning fluid (e.g.
  • the atomizing medium to the distal end of the atomizer. It is these features that allow the atomizers of the invention to have significantly improved performance compared with conventional atomizers.
  • Any suitable material can be used to construct the atomizers. Typically, metals or metal alloys, such as Inconel 718 or cobalt chrome, would be used. The skilled person will understand that any suitable material can equally be used.
  • the fuel is typically an oil or an oil and gas mixture.
  • the oil may be diesel or heavy fuel oil (HFO).
  • the atomizing medium is typically steam or compressed gas (e.g. compressed air).
  • compressed gas e.g. compressed air
  • the fuel is typically delivered to the atomizer at a pressure ranging from 1 .0 Bar.g to 40.0 Bar.g with the atomizing medium delivered as a relationship to fuel oil pressure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une pointe poreuse (par exemple un atomiseur ou une buse à gaz) pour un brûleur ou une torche comprenant une région d'atomisation (108), une extrémité proximale comprenant au moins une entrée conçue pour permettre à du carburant et/ou à un milieu d'atomisation d'entrer dans la région d'atomisation, une extrémité distale (104) comprenant au moins une sortie (126) conçue pour permettre au carburant atomisé de sortir de la région d'atomisation, et un moyen de distribution de fluide (128) pour distribuer facultativement un fluide à l'extrémité distale pour refroidir et/ou nettoyer l'extrémité distale.
PCT/IB2017/056023 2016-09-30 2017-09-29 Pointe poreuse pour atomiseurs et buses à gaz WO2018060954A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201662402373P 2016-09-30 2016-09-30
US62/402,373 2016-09-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018060954A1 true WO2018060954A1 (fr) 2018-04-05

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PCT/IB2017/056023 WO2018060954A1 (fr) 2016-09-30 2017-09-29 Pointe poreuse pour atomiseurs et buses à gaz

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB830572A (en) * 1957-12-13 1960-03-16 Mads Clausen A low pressure atomizer nozzle for oil burner
US4890793A (en) * 1987-02-13 1990-01-02 Bbc Brown Boveri Ag Atomizer nozzle
EP1843092A1 (fr) * 2006-04-06 2007-10-10 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Injecteur muni d'un système anti-encrassement
CN201819209U (zh) * 2010-09-29 2011-05-04 北京航天石化技术装备工程公司 防结焦燃料油烧嘴
EP3062021A1 (fr) * 2015-02-27 2016-08-31 United Technologies Corporation Appareil à buse à combustible remplaçable, système et procédé

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB830572A (en) * 1957-12-13 1960-03-16 Mads Clausen A low pressure atomizer nozzle for oil burner
US4890793A (en) * 1987-02-13 1990-01-02 Bbc Brown Boveri Ag Atomizer nozzle
EP1843092A1 (fr) * 2006-04-06 2007-10-10 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Injecteur muni d'un système anti-encrassement
CN201819209U (zh) * 2010-09-29 2011-05-04 北京航天石化技术装备工程公司 防结焦燃料油烧嘴
EP3062021A1 (fr) * 2015-02-27 2016-08-31 United Technologies Corporation Appareil à buse à combustible remplaçable, système et procédé

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