EP0278115B1 - Spray nozzle - Google Patents

Spray nozzle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0278115B1
EP0278115B1 EP87119244A EP87119244A EP0278115B1 EP 0278115 B1 EP0278115 B1 EP 0278115B1 EP 87119244 A EP87119244 A EP 87119244A EP 87119244 A EP87119244 A EP 87119244A EP 0278115 B1 EP0278115 B1 EP 0278115B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
outlet openings
chamber
internal chamber
openings
duct
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87119244A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0278115A1 (en
Inventor
Cornel Füglistaller
Jakob Dr. Keller
Thomas Dr. Sattelmayer
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BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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Publication of EP0278115A1 publication Critical patent/EP0278115A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/08—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
    • B05B7/0892—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point the outlet orifices for jets constituted by a liquid or a mixture containing a liquid being disposed on a circle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0441—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
    • B05B7/0458—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber the gas and liquid flows being perpendicular just upstream the mixing chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0441—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
    • B05B7/0475—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber with means for deflecting the peripheral gas flow towards the central liquid flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0491—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid the liquid and the gas being mixed at least twice along the flow path of the liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/08—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/101—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet
    • F23D11/102—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet in an internal mixing chamber

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an atomizer nozzle for atomizing liquid fuel with the supply of air.
  • the energy required for atomization is drawn exclusively or at least predominantly from the atomizing air.
  • the atomization takes place for the subsequent combustion of the fuel.
  • the aim is to atomize as finely as possible.
  • the atomizer nozzle is intended to form the head of the burner lance of a gas turbine burner in order to also design it for the combustion of liquid fuel.
  • it is intended to be used in a gas turbine burner with a plurality of burner lances arranged on an annular combustion chamber.
  • the known atomizer nozzles are all unsuitable for the intended use in a gas turbine burner, in particular with a plurality of burner lances arranged on an annular combustion chamber. This is especially true with regard to their spatial atomization characteristics. It is too centered. An atomizer nozzle that can be used within the intended scope must have a considerably more diversified atomization characteristic in order to ensure cross-ignition between adjacent burner lances of the same combustion chamber. On the other hand, despite the wide atomization characteristics, the flame must be maintained when the fuel supply is reduced to very lean fuel / air ratios. With regard to combustion that is as low in pollutants as possible, the atomizer nozzle should also have the highest possible atomization quality.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an atomizer nozzle for atomizing liquid fuel with air supply, which meets the aforementioned requirements.
  • the atomizing nozzle according to the present invention accordingly has i.a. an inner chamber and an outer chamber surrounding this in the form of a jacket, which are provided with several overlapping outlet openings. Only a part of the air flows into the inner chamber and, in addition to coarse atomization of the liquid fuel also flowing into the inner chamber, serves essentially to distribute it evenly over its outlet openings. The other part of the air flows around the inner chamber through the outer chamber and is mixed in concentrically with the coarsely atomized fuel emerging from the outlet openings of the inner chamber. This prevents liquid fuel fragments from coming into contact with the walls of the outlet opening of the outer chamber. This effect usually occurs with the previously known atomizer nozzles and leads to a serious deterioration in the atomizer quality.
  • the flame stability is directly influenced by the atomizer nozzle.
  • FIG. 1 an atomizer nozzle is shown in a sectional view with an inner chamber 1 and an outer chamber 2.
  • the outer chamber 2 surrounds the inner chamber 1 in a jacket shape. It has an approximately hemispherical shape.
  • the air channel is also connected to the outer chamber 2 via connecting openings 8.
  • the inlet opening 7 of the air duct 5 into the inner chamber either has an annular cross section or is formed by a plurality of individual openings distributed in a ring. The same applies to the connection openings 8.
  • the inner chamber 1 On its side opposite the inlet openings 6 and 7, the inner chamber 1 is provided with a plurality of outlet openings 9, 10.
  • outlet openings 9 and four outlet openings 10 are provided.
  • the outlet openings 9 form an angle (polar angle) in the range between 20 ° and 45 ° , but preferably of 25 °, with the axis 4.
  • the outlet opening gen 10 form an angle with the axis 4 in the range between 45 ° and 70 ° , but preferably of 65 ° .
  • the outlet openings 9 and 10 are offset from one another with respect to a rotation about the axis 4 by an angle of 45 ° (azimuth angle).
  • the cross section of the inner chamber 1 tapers towards its outlet openings 9, 10.
  • the inner chamber In the direction from its inlet openings 6, 7 towards its outlet openings 9, 10, the inner chamber is initially cylindrical, then frustoconical.
  • the outlet openings 9, 10 emanate from the frustoconical part, with respect to the said direction or the axis 4, of the same cross-section and at a corresponding distance from this axis.
  • the outlet openings 9, 10 accordingly form an annular row of holes in the inner chamber 1.
  • the outlet openings 9, 10 of the inner chamber 1 open into the outer chamber 2.
  • the latter has a correspondingly large number of outlet openings 11, 12 which overlap with the outlet openings 9, 10 of the inner chamber.
  • the cross section of the outlet openings 11, 12 of the outer chamber 2 is larger than the cross section of the outlet openings of the inner chamber 1. It preferably corresponds to the sum of the cross section of the outlet openings 9, 10 of the inner chamber 1 and the annular cross section of the openings of the outer chamber 2 towards their outlet openings.
  • the last-mentioned annular cross section results in 1t.D.W, where D is the diameter of the outlet openings 11, 12 of the outer chamber 2 and W is their width at their outlet openings 9,10.
  • the outlet openings 11, 12 of the outer chamber 2 widen outwards in a cone shape.
  • the diameter mentioned, the slight overpressure of the fuel in the fuel channel 3 and the length of the inner chamber 1 from its inlet opening 6 to its opposite wall are coordinated with one another in such a way that a thin fuel jet, approximately hitting the center of the opposite wall, results.
  • the length of the inner chamber 1 should therefore not be greater than approximately 20 times the diameter of its inlet opening 6.
  • Atomizing air is supplied via the air duct 5 and also under excess pressure. This overpressure is approximately 1.05 to 1.3 times, preferably 1.2 times the external pressure in the vicinity of the atomizing nozzle. The atomizing air must supply most of the energy required to atomize the liquid fuel.
  • a particularly good atomization cannot be achieved by being expelled from the outlet openings 9, 10 of the inner chamber 1 alone, since part of the fuel wets the walls of the outlet openings 9, 10 and forms a wall film.
  • the desired high atomization quality is only achieved by the outer chamber 2.
  • the main part of the atomizing air supplied through the air duct 5 enters the outer chamber 2 via the connection openings 8 and flows around the inner chamber 1.
  • This effect reliably prevents the fuel drops of the fuel aerosol emerging from the inner chamber 1 from coming into contact with the walls of the outlet openings 11, 12. This leads to a considerable improvement in the atomizing quality.
  • the main part of the atomizing air preferably approx. 70-80%, flows through the outer chamber 2, its flow resistance and the flow resistance of the connection openings 8 must be dimensioned in a suitable manner in relation to the flow resistance through the inner chamber 1.
  • the diameter of the outlet openings 9, 10 of the inner chamber 1 should be approximately a factor 1.33 larger than the diameter of their inlet opening 6.
  • grooves 13, which are indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 1, are preferably between the outlet openings 9, 10 and 11, 12 in which the in nenhunt 1 provided by the outer chamber 2 separating wall on the side facing the latter.
  • the selected angles of the outlet openings 9, 10 and 11, 12 relative to the axis 4, in particular by dividing the outlet openings 9, 10 and 11, 12 into two groups 9, 11 and 10, 12 with different angles make one in view achieved optimal spatial atomization characteristics for the intended use in a gas turbine combustion chamber.
  • a reliable cross-ignition to neighboring burners of the same type is guaranteed by the outlet openings 10, 12.
  • the selected number of only a total of eight outlet openings 9, 10 or 11, 12 is advantageous to the extent that, given this number, no negative pressure zone constricting its width can form in the center of the flow field. There is enough space between the outlet openings for pressure equalization.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)

Abstract

1. An atomizer nozzle for atomizing liquid fuel with air supply, characterized by the following features : - it exhibits an internal chamber (1), an approximately hemispherical shell-shaped external chamber (2) surrounding it, a central fuel duct (3) and an air duct (5) surrounding the latter with the same axis (4) ; - the central fuel duct (3) and the air duct (5) open into inlet openings (6, 7) of the internal chamber (1) ; - the air duct (5) is also connected to the external chamber (2) via at least one connecting opening (83) ; - the internal chamber (1) exhibits, opposite its inlet openings (6, 7), several outlet openings (9, 10) which open into the external chamber (2) ; - the external chamber (2) exhibits a corresponding number of outlet openings (11, 12) which are in alignment with the outlet openings (9, 10) of the internal chamber (1) and lead to the outside.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Zerstäuberdüse zur Zerstäubung von flüssigem Brennstoff unter Luftzufuhr.The present invention relates to an atomizer nozzle for atomizing liquid fuel with the supply of air.

Bei der Zerstäubung unter Luftzufuhr wird die zur Zerstäubung erforderliche Energie ausschliesslich oder wenigstens überwiegend der Zerstäuberluft entnommen.In the case of atomization with the supply of air, the energy required for atomization is drawn exclusively or at least predominantly from the atomizing air.

Die Zerstäubung erfolgt zur anschliessenden Verbrennung des Brennstoffes. Es wird eine möglichst feine Zerstäubung angestrebt.The atomization takes place for the subsequent combustion of the fuel. The aim is to atomize as finely as possible.

Die Zerstäuberdüse soll den Kopf der Brennerlanze eines Gasturbinenbrenners bilden, um diesen auch für die Verbrennung flüssigen Brennstoffs auszubilden. Insbesondere soll sie Verwendung finden bei einem Gasturbinenbrenner mit mehreren an einer ringförmigen Brennkammer angeordneten Brennerlanzen.The atomizer nozzle is intended to form the head of the burner lance of a gas turbine burner in order to also design it for the combustion of liquid fuel. In particular, it is intended to be used in a gas turbine burner with a plurality of burner lances arranged on an annular combustion chamber.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Aus einem Artikel von Arthur H. Lefebvre, "Airblast Atomization", Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., Vol 6, pp. 233-261, Pergamon Press Ltd, 1980, sind verschiedene Zerstäuberdüsen der eingangs genannten Art bekannt.From an article by Arthur H. Lefebvre, "Airblast Atomization", Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., Vol 6, pp. 233-261, Pergamon Press Ltd, 1980, various atomizing nozzles of the type mentioned are known.

Für die beabsichtigte Verwendung in einem Gasturbinenbrenner, insbesondere mit mehreren an einer ringförmigen Brennkammer angeordneten Brennerlanzen, sind die bekannten Zerstäuberdüsen jedoch sämtlich ungeeignet. Dies gilt besonders im Hinblick auf ihre räumliche Zerstäubungscharakteristik. Sie ist zu stark zentriert. Eine im beabsichtigten Rahmen einsetzbare Zerstäuberdüse muss eine erheblich weiter aufgefächerte Zerstäubungscharakteristik aufweisen, um die Querzündung zwischen benachbarten Brennerlanzen der gleichen Brennkammer sicherzustellen. Andererseits muss die Flamme trotz der weiten Zerstäubungscharakteristik bei Reduktion der Brennstoffzufuhr bis zu sehr mageren Brennstoff-/Luftverhältnissen erhalten bleiben. Im Hinblick auf eine möglichst schadstoffarme Verbrennung sollte die Zerstäuberdüse zudem eine möglichst hohe Zerstäubungsgüte aufweisen.However, the known atomizer nozzles are all unsuitable for the intended use in a gas turbine burner, in particular with a plurality of burner lances arranged on an annular combustion chamber. This is especially true with regard to their spatial atomization characteristics. It is too centered. An atomizer nozzle that can be used within the intended scope must have a considerably more diversified atomization characteristic in order to ensure cross-ignition between adjacent burner lances of the same combustion chamber. On the other hand, despite the wide atomization characteristics, the flame must be maintained when the fuel supply is reduced to very lean fuel / air ratios. With regard to combustion that is as low in pollutants as possible, the atomizer nozzle should also have the highest possible atomization quality.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Zerstäuberdüse zur Zerstäubung von flüssigem Brennstoff unter Luftzufuhr anzugeben, die den vorgenannten Anforderungen gerecht wird.The object of the present invention is to provide an atomizer nozzle for atomizing liquid fuel with air supply, which meets the aforementioned requirements.

Diese sowie weitere Aufgaben werden gemäss der vorliegenden Erfindung gelöst durch die Angabe einer neuen Zerstäuberdüse mit den Merkmalen des Patentnanspruchs 1.These and other objects are achieved according to the present invention by specifying a new atomizer nozzle with the features of patent claim 1.

Die Zerstäuberdüse nach der vorliegenden Erfindung weist demnach u.a. eine Innenkammer und eine diese mantelförmig umgebende Aussenkammer auf, die mit mehreren sich jeweils überdeckenden Austrittsöffnungen versehen sind. Nur ein Teil der Luft strömt in die Innenkammer und dient dort neben einer Grobzerstäubung des ebenfalls in die Innenkammer einströmenden flüssigen Brennstoffes im wesentlichen zu dessen Gleichverteilung auf ihre Austrittsöffnungen. Der andere Teil der Luft umströmt die Innenkammer durch die Aussenkammer und wird dem aus den Austrittsöffnungen der Innenkammer austretenden grobzerstäubten Brennstoff konzentrisch zugemischt. Damit wird verhindert, dass flüssige Brennstofffragmente in Kontakt mit den Wänden der Austrittsöffnung der Aussenkammer kommen. Dieser Effekt tritt bei den bisher bekannten Zerstäuberdüsen üblicherweise auf und führt zu einer gravierenden Verschlechterung der Zerstäubergüte.The atomizing nozzle according to the present invention accordingly has i.a. an inner chamber and an outer chamber surrounding this in the form of a jacket, which are provided with several overlapping outlet openings. Only a part of the air flows into the inner chamber and, in addition to coarse atomization of the liquid fuel also flowing into the inner chamber, serves essentially to distribute it evenly over its outlet openings. The other part of the air flows around the inner chamber through the outer chamber and is mixed in concentrically with the coarsely atomized fuel emerging from the outlet openings of the inner chamber. This prevents liquid fuel fragments from coming into contact with the walls of the outlet opening of the outer chamber. This effect usually occurs with the previously known atomizer nozzles and leads to a serious deterioration in the atomizer quality.

Mit der erfindungsgemässen Zerstäuberdüse konnte eine erhebliche Verbesserung der Flammenstabilität erreicht werden. Die Flammenstabilität wird von der Zerstäuberdüse direkt beeinflusst. Je besser die Zerstäubungsgüte, desto schneller können die Brennstofftropfen völlig verdampfen und die Flamme nähren.With the atomizing nozzle according to the invention, a considerable improvement in flame stability could be achieved. The flame stability is directly influenced by the atomizer nozzle. The better the atomization quality, the faster the fuel drops can evaporate completely and feed the flame.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemässen Zerstäuberdüse sind in den abhängigen Patentansprüchen gekennzeichnet.Advantageous refinements of the atomizer nozzle according to the invention are characterized in the dependent claims.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachstehenden ausführlichen Beschreibung der beigefügten Zeichnungen.Advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the accompanying drawings.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 in geschnittener Darstellung eine Zerstäuberdüse nach der Erfindung mit Innenkammer und Aussenkammer und
  • Fig. 2 in schematischer Darstellung die Art der Strömung im Bereich der Austrittsöffnung der Aussenkammer.
Show it:
  • Fig. 1 in a sectional view of an atomizer nozzle according to the invention with inner chamber and outer chamber and
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the type of flow in the region of the outlet opening of the outer chamber.

Bester Weg zur Ausführung der ErfindungBest way to carry out the invention

Es wird nunmehr auf die Zeichnungen Bezug genommen. In Fig. 1 ist in geschnittener Darstellung eine Zerstäuberdüse dargestellt mit einer Innenkammer 1 und einer Aussenkammer 2. Die Aussenkammer 2 umgibt die Innenkammer 1 mantelförmig. Sie weist eine annähernd halbkugelschalenförmige Form auf.Reference is now made to the drawings. In Fig. 1, an atomizer nozzle is shown in a sectional view with an inner chamber 1 and an outer chamber 2. The outer chamber 2 surrounds the inner chamber 1 in a jacket shape. It has an approximately hemispherical shape.

In die Innenkammer 1 münden ein zentraler Brennstoffkanal 3 und ein diesen mit gleicher Achse 4 umgebender Luftkanal 5 über Eintrittsöffnungen 6 bzw. 7. Der Luftkanal steht ausserdem über Verbindungsöffnungen 8 mit der Aussenkammer 2 in Verbindung. Die Eintrittsöffnung 7 des Luftkanals 5 in die Innenkammer weist entweder einen ringförmigen Querschnitt auf oder wird durch mehrere, ringförmig verteilte Einzelöffnungen gebildet. Gleiches gilt für die Verbindungsöffnungen 8.A central fuel channel 3 and an air channel 5 surrounding it with the same axis 4 open into the inner chamber 1 via inlet openings 6 and 7. The air channel is also connected to the outer chamber 2 via connecting openings 8. The inlet opening 7 of the air duct 5 into the inner chamber either has an annular cross section or is formed by a plurality of individual openings distributed in a ring. The same applies to the connection openings 8.

Auf ihrer den Eintrittsöffnungen 6 und 7 gegenüberliegenden Seite ist die Innenkammer 1 mit mehreren Austritssöffnungen 9,10 versehen. Es sind vier Austrittsöffnungen 9 und vier Austrittsöffnungen 10 vorgesehen. Die Austrittsöffnungen 9 schliessen mit der Achse 4 einen Winkel (Polarwinkel) im Bereich zwischen 20° und 45°, vorzugsweise jedoch von 25° ein. Die Austrittsöffnungen 10 schliessen mit der Achse 4 einen Winkel im Bereich zwischen 45° und 70°, vorzugsweise jedoch von 65° ein.On its side opposite the inlet openings 6 and 7, the inner chamber 1 is provided with a plurality of outlet openings 9, 10. Four outlet openings 9 and four outlet openings 10 are provided. The outlet openings 9 form an angle (polar angle) in the range between 20 ° and 45 ° , but preferably of 25 °, with the axis 4. The outlet opening gen 10 form an angle with the axis 4 in the range between 45 ° and 70 ° , but preferably of 65 ° .

Die Austrittsöffnungen 9 und 10 sind bezüglich einer Drehung um die Achse 4 um einen Winkel von 45° (Azimutwinkel) gegeneinander versetzt.The outlet openings 9 and 10 are offset from one another with respect to a rotation about the axis 4 by an angle of 45 ° (azimuth angle).

Zu ihren Austrittsöffnungen 9,10 hin verjüngt sich der Querschnitt der Innenkammer 1. In Richtung von ihren Eintrittsöffnungen 6,7 zu ihren Austrittsöffnungen 9,10 hin ist die Innenkammer zunächst zylindrisch, dann kegelstumpfförmig. Die Austrittsöffnungen 9,10 gehen von dem kegelstumpfförmigen Teil aus und zwar bezüglich der genanten Richtung bzw. der Achse 4 vom gleichen Querschnitt und mit übereinstimmendem Abstand von dieser Achse. Die Austrittsöffnungen 9,10 bilden demnach in der Innenkammer 1 eine ringförmige Lochreihe.The cross section of the inner chamber 1 tapers towards its outlet openings 9, 10. In the direction from its inlet openings 6, 7 towards its outlet openings 9, 10, the inner chamber is initially cylindrical, then frustoconical. The outlet openings 9, 10 emanate from the frustoconical part, with respect to the said direction or the axis 4, of the same cross-section and at a corresponding distance from this axis. The outlet openings 9, 10 accordingly form an annular row of holes in the inner chamber 1.

Die Austrittsöffnungen 9,10 der Innenkammer 1 münden in die Aussenkammer 2. Letztere weist entsprechend viele Austrittsöffnungen 11,12 auf, die sich mit den Austrittsöffnungen 9,10 der Innenkammer überdecken. Der Querschnitt der Austrittsöffnungen 11,12 der Aussenkammer 2 ist grässer als der Querschnitt der Austrittsöffnungen der Innenkammer 1. Er entspricht vorzugsweise der Summe des Querschnittes der Austrittsöffnungen 9,10 der Innenkammer 1 und dem ringförmigen Querschnitt der Oeffnungen der Aussenkammer 2 zu ihren Austrittsöffnungen hin. Der letztgenannte ringförmige Querschnitt ergibt sich zu 1t.D.W, wobei D den Durchmesser der Austrittsöffnungen 11,12 der Aussenkammer 2 und W ihre Weite an ihren Austrittsöffnungen 9,10 bedeuten.The outlet openings 9, 10 of the inner chamber 1 open into the outer chamber 2. The latter has a correspondingly large number of outlet openings 11, 12 which overlap with the outlet openings 9, 10 of the inner chamber. The cross section of the outlet openings 11, 12 of the outer chamber 2 is larger than the cross section of the outlet openings of the inner chamber 1. It preferably corresponds to the sum of the cross section of the outlet openings 9, 10 of the inner chamber 1 and the annular cross section of the openings of the outer chamber 2 towards their outlet openings. The last-mentioned annular cross section results in 1t.D.W, where D is the diameter of the outlet openings 11, 12 of the outer chamber 2 and W is their width at their outlet openings 9,10.

Die Austrittsöffnungen 11,12 der Aussenkammer 2 erweitern sich nach aussen kegefförmig.The outlet openings 11, 12 of the outer chamber 2 widen outwards in a cone shape.

Die Wirkungsweise der beschriebenen Zerstäuberdüse ist die folgende:

  • Ueber den Brennstoffkanal 3 wird ein flüssiger Brennstoff, beispielsweise Oel, unter geringem Ueberdruck zugeführt. Durch die Eintrittsöffnung 6 strömt der Brennstoff in die Innenkammer 1 ein. Der Durchmesser der Eintrittsöffnung 6 ist etwa 10- fach kleiner als der Durchmesser des Brennstoffkanals 3 und im Bereich zwischen 0,6 mm und etwa 1,2 mm gewählt. Wesentlich kleinere Durchmesser als 0,6 mm sind aus Gründen der Verstopfungsgefahr der Eintrittsöffnung von Nachteil.
The operation of the atomizer nozzle described is as follows:
  • A liquid fuel, for example oil, is supplied via the fuel channel 3 under a slight excess pressure. The fuel flows into the inner chamber 1 through the inlet opening 6. The diameter of the inlet opening 6 is approximately 10 times smaller than the diameter of the fuel channel 3 and is selected in the range between 0.6 mm and approximately 1.2 mm. Much smaller diameters than 0.6 mm are disadvantageous due to the risk of clogging of the inlet opening.

Der genannte Durchmesser, der geringe Ueberdruck des Brennstoffs im Brennstoffkanal 3 sowie die Länge der Innenkammer 1 von ihrer Eintrittsöffnung 6 bis zu ihrer gegenüberliegenden Wand sind so aufeinander abgestimmt, dass sich ein dünner, etwa auf die Mitte der gegenüberliegenden Wand treffender Brennstoffstrahl ergibt. Die Länge der Innenkammer 1 sollte deswegen nicht grösser als das ca. 20-fache des Durchmessers ihrer Eintrittsöffnung 6 sein.The diameter mentioned, the slight overpressure of the fuel in the fuel channel 3 and the length of the inner chamber 1 from its inlet opening 6 to its opposite wall are coordinated with one another in such a way that a thin fuel jet, approximately hitting the center of the opposite wall, results. The length of the inner chamber 1 should therefore not be greater than approximately 20 times the diameter of its inlet opening 6.

Beim Auftreffen auf die der Eintrittsöffnung 6 gegenüberliegende Wand wird der flüssige Brennstoff grob zerstäubt.When it hits the wall opposite the inlet opening 6, the liquid fuel is roughly atomized.

Ueber den Luftkanal 5 wird Zerstäuberluft zugeführt und zwar ebenfalls unter Ueberdruck. Dieser Ueberdruck beträgt etwa das 1,05- bis 1,3-fache, vorzugsweise das 1,2-fache des Aussendruckes in der Umgebung der Zerstäuberdüse. Die Zerstäuberluft muss den grössten Teil der für die Zerstäubung des flüssigen Brennstoffes erforderlichen Energie liefern.Atomizing air is supplied via the air duct 5 and also under excess pressure. This overpressure is approximately 1.05 to 1.3 times, preferably 1.2 times the external pressure in the vicinity of the atomizing nozzle. The atomizing air must supply most of the energy required to atomize the liquid fuel.

Ein Teil der über den Luftkanal 5 zugeführten Zerstäuberluft tritt über die Eintrittsöffnung 7 in die Innenkammer 1 ein. Sie dient dort dazu, den, wie vorstehend beschrieben, durch Auftreffen auf ihre den Eintrittsöffnungen 6,7 gegenüberliegenden Wand grob zerstäubten Brennstoff durch ihre Austrittsöffnungen 9,10 gleichmässig verteilt auszutreiben.Some of the atomizing air supplied via the air duct 5 enters the inner chamber 1 via the inlet opening 7. It serves there, as described above, to expel the fuel which has been roughly atomized by striking its wall opposite the inlet openings 6, 7 through its outlet openings 9, 10.

Es sei betont, dass es hier vornehmlich auf eine möglichst gute Gleichverteilung des Brennstoffs auf die einzelnen Austrittsöffnungen 9,10 und weniger bereits auf eine Zerstäubung mit der letztlich gewünschten Güte ankommt.It should be emphasized that it is primarily a question of the best possible uniform distribution of the fuel to the individual outlet openings 9, 10 and less of an atomization with the ultimately desired quality.

Eine besonders gute Zerstäubung ist durch das Austreiben aus den Austrittsöffnungen 9,10 der Innenkammer 1 allein auch gar nicht erreichbar, da ein Teil des Brennstoffs die Wände der Austrittsöffnungen 9,10 benetzt und einen Wandfilm bildet. Die gewünschte hohe Zerstäubergüte wird erst durch die Aussenkammer 2 erreicht.A particularly good atomization cannot be achieved by being expelled from the outlet openings 9, 10 of the inner chamber 1 alone, since part of the fuel wets the walls of the outlet openings 9, 10 and forms a wall film. The desired high atomization quality is only achieved by the outer chamber 2.

Der Hauptteil der durch den Luftkanal 5 zugeführten Zerstäuberluft tritt über die Verbindungsöffnungen 8 in die Aussenkammer 2 ein und umströmt in dieser die Innenkammer 1. An ihren sich mit den Austrittsöffnungen 9,10 der Innenkammer 1 überdeckenden Austrittsöffnungen 11,12 legt sich die durch die Aussenkammer 2 strömende Zerstäuberluft konzentrisch um das aus den Austrittsöffnungen 9,10 der Innenkammer 1 austretende Brennstoffaerosol. Dies ist in Fig. 2 verdeutlicht. Durch diesen Effekt wird sicher verhindert, dass die Brennstofftropfen des aus der Innenkammer 1 austretenden Brennstoffaerosols mit den Wänden der Austrittsöffnungen 11,12 in Berührung kommen. Dadurch wird eine erhebliche Verbesserung der Zerstäubergüte erreicht.The main part of the atomizing air supplied through the air duct 5 enters the outer chamber 2 via the connection openings 8 and flows around the inner chamber 1. The outlet openings 11, 12, which overlap with the outlet openings 9, 10 of the inner chamber 1, cover the outer chamber 2 atomizing air flowing concentrically around the fuel aerosol emerging from the outlet openings 9, 10 of the inner chamber 1. This is illustrated in Fig. 2. This effect reliably prevents the fuel drops of the fuel aerosol emerging from the inner chamber 1 from coming into contact with the walls of the outlet openings 11, 12. This leads to a considerable improvement in the atomizing quality.

Damit der Hauptteil der Zerstäuberluft, vorzugsweise ca. 70 - 80 %, durch die Aussenkammer 2 strömt, muss deren Strömungswiderstand und der Strömungswiderstand der Verbindungsöffnungen 8 in geeigneter Weise im Verhältnis zum Strömungswiderstand durch die Innenkammer 1 bemessen sein. Der Durchmesser der Austrittsöffnungen 9,10 der Innenkammer 1 sollte bei insgesamt acht Austrittsöffnungen etwa einen Faktor 1,33 grösser als der Durchmesser ihrer Eintrittsöffnung 6.So that the main part of the atomizing air, preferably approx. 70-80%, flows through the outer chamber 2, its flow resistance and the flow resistance of the connection openings 8 must be dimensioned in a suitable manner in relation to the flow resistance through the inner chamber 1. With a total of eight outlet openings, the diameter of the outlet openings 9, 10 of the inner chamber 1 should be approximately a factor 1.33 larger than the diameter of their inlet opening 6.

Von Vorteil ist es, wenn sich in der Aussenkammer 2 an ihren Austrittsöffnungen 11,12 die grösste Strömungsgeschwindigkeit einstellt. Der Strömungsquerschnitt der Aussenkammer 2 sollte deshalb dort am geringsten sein.It is advantageous if the greatest flow rate is set in the outer chamber 2 at its outlet openings 11, 12. The flow cross section of the outer chamber 2 should therefore be the smallest there.

Weiter ist es von Vorteil, den Strömungsquerschnitt der Aussenkammer 2 zwischen ihren Austrittsöffnungen 11,12 grösser auszubilden als zwischen diesen Austrittsöffnungen und den Verbindungsöffnungen 8. Dadurch wird eine gleichmässige Ummantelung des aus den Austrittsöffnungen 9,10 der Innenkammer 1 austretenden Brennstoffaerosols erreicht. Vorzugsweise werden dazu Nuten 13, die in Fig. 1 strichliert angedeutet sind, zwischen den Austrittsöffnungen 9,10 bzw. 11,12 in der die Innenkammer 1 von der Aussenkammer 2 trennenden Wand auf ihrer der letzteren zugewandeten Seite vorgesehen.It is also advantageous to make the flow cross-section of the outer chamber 2 larger between its outlet openings 11, 12 than between these outlet openings and the connecting openings 8. This results in a uniform coating of the fuel aerosol emerging from the outlet openings 9, 10 of the inner chamber 1. For this purpose, grooves 13, which are indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 1, are preferably between the outlet openings 9, 10 and 11, 12 in which the in nenkammer 1 provided by the outer chamber 2 separating wall on the side facing the latter.

Durch die gewählten Winkel der Austrittsöffnungen 9,10 bzw. 11,12 relativ zur Achse 4, insbesondere durch die Aufteilung der Austrittsöffnungen 9,10 bzw. 11,12 auf zwei Gruppen 9,11 und 10,12 mit unterschiedlichen Winkeln wird eine im Hinblick auf die beabsichtigte Verwendung in einer Gasturbinenbrennkammer optimale räumliche Zerstäubungscharakteristik erreicht. Durch die Austrittsöffnungen 10,12 wird eine sichere Querzündung zu benachbarten gleichartigen Brennern garantiert. Die Austrittsöffnungen 9,11 garantieren dagegen durch ihren geringeren Winkel zur Achse 4 die Stabilität der Flamme bis zu sehr mageren Brennstoff-/Luftverhältnissen hin.The selected angles of the outlet openings 9, 10 and 11, 12 relative to the axis 4, in particular by dividing the outlet openings 9, 10 and 11, 12 into two groups 9, 11 and 10, 12 with different angles make one in view achieved optimal spatial atomization characteristics for the intended use in a gas turbine combustion chamber. A reliable cross-ignition to neighboring burners of the same type is guaranteed by the outlet openings 10, 12. The outlet openings 9, 11, on the other hand, guarantee the stability of the flame up to very lean fuel / air conditions due to their smaller angle to the axis 4.

Schliesslich ist die gewählte Anzahl von lediglich insgesamt acht Austrittsöffnungen 9,10 bzw. 11,12 insoweit von Vorteil, dass sich bei dieser Anzahl im Zentrum des Strömungsfeldes keine, ihre Weite einengende Unterdruckzone ausbilden kann. Zwischen den Austrittsöffnungen ist genügend Raum für einen Druckausgleich.Finally, the selected number of only a total of eight outlet openings 9, 10 or 11, 12 is advantageous to the extent that, given this number, no negative pressure zone constricting its width can form in the center of the flow field. There is enough space between the outlet openings for pressure equalization.

BezeichnungslisteLabel list

  • 1 Innenkammer1 inner chamber
  • 2 Aussenkammer2 outer chamber
  • 3 Brennstoffkanal3 fuel channel
  • 4 Achse4 axis
  • 5 Luftkanal5 air duct
  • 6 Eintrittsöffnung des Brennstoffkanals in die Innenkammer6 Inlet opening of the fuel channel into the inner chamber
  • 7 Eintrittsöffnung des Luftkanals in die Innenkammer7 Air duct inlet opening into the inner chamber
  • 8 Verbindungsöffnung zwischen dem Luftkanal und der Aussenkammer8 Connection opening between the air duct and the outer chamber
  • 9 Austrittsöffnung der Innenkammer9 outlet opening of the inner chamber
  • 10 Austrittsöffnung der Innenkammer10 outlet opening of the inner chamber
  • 11 Austrittsöffnung der Aussenkammer11 Outlet opening of the outer chamber
  • 12 Austrittsöffnung der Aussenkammer12 outlet opening of the outer chamber
  • 13 Rillen13 grooves

Claims (8)

1. An atomizer nozzle for atomizing liquid fuel with air supply, characterized by the following features:
- it exhibits an internal chamber (1), an approximately hemispherical shell-shaped external chamber (2) surrounding it, a central fuel duct (3) and an air duct (5) surrounding the latter with the same axis (4);
- the central fuel duct (3) and the air duct (5) open into inlet openings (6, 7) of the internal chamber (1);
- the air duct (5) is also connected to the external chamber (2) via at least one connecting opening (83);
- the internal chamber (1) exhibits, opposite its inlet openings (6, 7), several outlet openings (9, 10) which open into the external chamber (2);
- the external chamber (2) exhibits a corresponding number of outlet openings (11, 12) which are in alignment with the outlet openings (9,10) of the intemal chamber (1) and lead to the outside.
2. An atomizer nozzle according to Claim 1, furthermore characterized by the following features:
- two groups of in each case preferably four outlet openings (9, 11 and 10, 12) of the internal chamber (1) and of the external chamber (2) are provided;
- the outlet openings (9, 11) of one of the two groups enclose an angle of between 20° and 45°, but preferably of 250, with the axis (4) of the fuel duct (3) and of the air duct (5), respectively;
- the outlet openings (10, 12) of the other group enclose an angle of between 45° and 70°, but preferably of 65°, with the said axis (4).
3. An atomizer nozzle according to one of Claims 1 or 2, furthermore characterized by the following features:
- the outlet openings (9, 10) of the internal chamber (1), opening into the outlet chamber (2), exhibit a smaller cross-section than the outlet openings (11, 12) of the external chamber (2) leading towards the outside;
- the outlet openings (11, 12) of the extemal chamber (2) expand conically towards the outside;
- the smallest cross-section of the outlet openings (11, 12) of the external chamber (2) in each case corresponds to the sum of the cross-section of the outlet openings (9, 10) of the internal chamber (1) and the annular cross-section of the opening of the external chamber (2) to its outlet openings (11, 12).
4. An atomizer nozzle according to one of Claims to 3, furthermore characterized by the following ature:
The flow resistances of the internal chamber (1) and of the extemal chamber (2) are selected, in particular by suitably dimensioning the effective flow cross-sections relative to one another, in such a manner that approximately 70-90% of the air from the air duct (5) flows through the external chamber (2) and, correspondingly, only approximately 10-30% of the air flows through the internal chamber (1).
5. An atomizer nozzle according to one of Claims to 4, furthermore characterized by the following tatures:
- the cross-section of the internal chamber (1) tapers towards its outlet openings (9, 10);
- the outlet openings (9, 10) of the internal chamber (1) form an annular row of holes therein.
6. An atomizer nozzle according to one of Claims to 5, furthermore characterized by the following tatures:
- the external chamber (2) in each case exhibits its minimum flow cross-section at its outlet openings (11, 12);
- the external chamber (2) in each case exhibits a larger flow cross-section between its outlet openings (11, 12) than between the latter and the connecting openings (8) to the air duct (5).
7. An atomizer nozzle according to one of Claims to 6, furthermore characterized by the following iatures:
- the diameter of the inlet opening (6) of the fuel duct (3) into the internal chamber (1) is at least 0.6 mm and at most 1.2 mm;
- the length of the internal chamber (1) in the direction of the axis (4) of the fuel duct (3) and of the air duct (5) is greater by approximately a factor of 20 than the diameter of the inlet opening (6) of the fuel duct (3) into the internal chamber (1);
- the diameter of the outlet openings (9, 10) of the internal chamber (1), with a total of eight outlet openings, is greater by approximately a factor of 1.33 than the diameter of the inlet opening (6) of the fuel duct (3) into the internal chamber (1);
- the diameter of the fuel duct (3) is greater by approximately a factor of 10 than that of its inlet opening (6) into the intemal chamber (1).
8. An atomizer nozzle according to one of Claims to 7, furthermore characterized by the following ;ature:
- it is constructed for an overpressure of at least 1.3 bar in the air duct (5) compared with its extemal environment.
EP87119244A 1987-02-13 1987-12-28 Spray nozzle Expired - Lifetime EP0278115B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH545/87 1987-02-13
CH54587 1987-02-13

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EP0278115A1 EP0278115A1 (en) 1988-08-17
EP0278115B1 true EP0278115B1 (en) 1990-04-11

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EP87119244A Expired - Lifetime EP0278115B1 (en) 1987-02-13 1987-12-28 Spray nozzle

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US (1) US4890793A (en)
EP (1) EP0278115B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2657157B2 (en)
DE (1) DE3762288D1 (en)

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Also Published As

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JP2657157B2 (en) 1997-09-24
US4890793A (en) 1990-01-02
JPH01127067A (en) 1989-05-19
EP0278115A1 (en) 1988-08-17
DE3762288D1 (en) 1990-05-17

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