EP1195203B1 - Dispositif et procédé de pulvérisation électrostatique de liquides - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de pulvérisation électrostatique de liquides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1195203B1
EP1195203B1 EP01123634A EP01123634A EP1195203B1 EP 1195203 B1 EP1195203 B1 EP 1195203B1 EP 01123634 A EP01123634 A EP 01123634A EP 01123634 A EP01123634 A EP 01123634A EP 1195203 B1 EP1195203 B1 EP 1195203B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid medium
nozzle
nozzle body
high voltage
voltage electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01123634A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1195203A3 (fr
EP1195203A2 (fr
Inventor
Uwe Dr. Leuteritz
Bruno Schuermans
Christian Dr. Steinbach
Wolfgang Weisenstein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Technology AG filed Critical Alstom Technology AG
Publication of EP1195203A2 publication Critical patent/EP1195203A2/fr
Publication of EP1195203A3 publication Critical patent/EP1195203A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1195203B1 publication Critical patent/EP1195203B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/32—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by electrostatic means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/035—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by gasless spraying, e.g. electrostatically assisted airless spraying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/053—Arrangements for supplying power, e.g. charging power
    • B05B5/0533—Electrodes specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of electrodes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
    • F02M27/04—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by electric means, ionisation, polarisation or magnetism
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2206/00—Burners for specific applications
    • F23D2206/10—Turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device and a method for electrostatic atomization of a liquid medium, wherein the device comprises an electrically conductive nozzle body having an inner volume for receiving the liquid medium, at least one nozzle opening for the discharge of the liquid medium and a coaxial with a longitudinal axis of the nozzle body in Internal volume arranged high-voltage electrode, is charged with the flowing liquid medium immediately before exiting the nozzle opening electrostatically.
  • turbomachines such as gas or steam turbine plants, for injecting or injecting the liquid fuel.
  • atomizers For the atomization of a liquid medium such as a liquid fuel pressure atomizers are often used in which the liquid medium under high pressure, the internal volume of a Nozzle body is supplied and atomized in the subsequent expansion through the nozzle opening into fine droplets.
  • the nozzle consists of an electrically conductive nozzle body, which is at ground potential and has a nozzle opening for the escape of a pressurized fluid volume.
  • a nozzle opening is arranged coaxially opposite electrode, which is at a high voltage potential.
  • the electrode has a conical tip, which is positioned directly at the outlet opening of the nozzle body tapered in the shape of a truncated cone. Due to the very high electric fields at this apex of the electrode, the liquid flowing past is charged electrostatically immediately before it leaves the nozzle opening. Due to this electrostatic charge, the liquid atomizes after exiting the nozzle opening to a very fine spray.
  • a similar device is the DE 41 06 563 A1 refer to.
  • the U.S. 4,051,826 shows a device for fuel injection in a cylinder chamber a Combustion engine.
  • the nozzle used in this case has a plurality of nozzle openings whose boundaries are formed as sharp edges.
  • the housing is subjected to a high-voltage potential, so that prevail at the outlet openings very high electric fields, which also lead to an electrostatic charge of the exiting liquid. Due to a lack of high potential difference at these outlet openings, however, the size of the electrostatic charge is only small.
  • a method according to the preamble of claim 8 is known from US 5,234,170 known.
  • electrostatic single-hole nozzles are known from the above-mentioned prior art, which lead to an increase in the atomization quality, however, these nozzle designs are not readily transferable to multi-hole nozzles.
  • a corresponding electrode with conical tip would have to be provided for each nozzle opening, which is positioned exactly above the respective nozzle opening.
  • this increases the effort in the production of the nozzles and leads to reliability problems due to the thermal distortion, especially in the very high temperatures occurring in combustion chambers of gas and steam turbines.
  • the construction of a multi-hole nozzle, on the other hand, indicated by the second mentioned publication results in reasonable high voltage values not to a satisfactory electrostatic charge of the liquid medium.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object to provide a device and a method for electrostatic atomization of a liquid medium, which in particular allow the use of a multi-hole pressure nozzle and to provide a sufficient Zerstäubungsproof even when starting and at partial load of a turbomachine.
  • the inventive device for atomizing a liquid medium consists of an electrically conductive nozzle body having an internal volume for receiving the liquid medium, at least one nozzle opening for the discharge of the liquid medium and a coaxial with a longitudinal axis of the nozzle body in the inner volume arranged high-voltage electrode.
  • the high-voltage electrode is arranged such that it can charge electrostatic fluid flowing past it immediately before exiting from the nozzle opening or the nozzle openings upon application of a high voltage such that the atomization quality due to these electrostatic Charging is increased.
  • the electrically conductive nozzle body is set to ground potential in order to generate a sufficient size of the electric field between the high voltage electrode and the nozzle body in the region of the nozzle opening.
  • the high-voltage electrode in the region of its greatest lateral extent, has-in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle body-a circumferential sharp edge which runs at a small distance from the nozzle body in order to be able to effect the electrostatic charging of the flowing liquid medium.
  • a sharp edge means in each case a sharp edge angle, ie an edge angle of less than 90 °.
  • the sharp edge can also have a serrated profile with tips. It goes without saying that this edge has to run in the immediate vicinity of the nozzle orifices in order to be able to bring about the desired electrostatic charging of the liquid medium immediately before it leaves the nozzle opening.
  • the device is a multi-hole nozzle whose nozzle orifices are located in or near the plane in which the sharp edge of the high voltage electrode passes. It is also possible to provide a plurality of rows of nozzle openings, which are spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the nozzle body, wherein then for each row a separate circumferential sharp edge is formed on the high voltage electrode.
  • a central outlet opening can be formed on the longitudinal axis of the nozzle body. Such a central nozzle opening is acted upon by an additional tip on the high voltage electrode in this area with an electric field, as is known from the prior art in single-hole nozzles.
  • the nozzle body is rotationally symmetrical about its longitudinal axis and has a tapered, for example frustoconical, shape in the region of the nozzle openings.
  • the present high-voltage electrode is preferably formed approximately plate-shaped. Such a configuration is technically very easy to implement and is insensitive to thermal distortion.
  • the liquid medium is supplied to the inner volume under pressure, the nozzle body is set to ground potential and the high voltage electrode is subjected to a high voltage, which causes an electrostatic charge of the liquid medium in a size, due to the additional electrostatic charge to a burst of the drop or the nozzle openings exiting drops leads.
  • the high voltage electrode is pulsed at high voltage with a variable duty cycle (duration of high voltage / period). and / or, in particular embodiment, subjected to variable high voltage, wherein the sputtering quality is selectively influenced by changing the duty cycle of the high voltage.
  • a targeted modulation of the high voltage and / or the sampling rate by a specific pulse rate is conceivable.
  • Such an influence is particularly suitable for damping combustion instabilities during operation of a gas or steam turbine plant, the duty cycle being increased during startup or part load operation due to the lower fuel pressure and the duty ratio being lowered in the case of heavy partial load or full load operation.
  • a change in the atomization in partial load operation can also be influenced by changing the high voltage, for example by increasing it from 10 kV to> 20 kV.
  • the present device and the associated method are therefore characterized by a simple construction, which allows in particular the principle of electrostatic atomization even with multi-hole pressure nozzles.
  • the structure of the device with the circumferential sharp edge is much less susceptible to thermal distortion than a structure with separately provided for each nozzle opening cone tips.
  • Fig. 1 shows an example of the dependence of the fuel pressure in the operation of a gas turbine on the gas turbine power. It can be clearly seen in the figure that at low gas turbine power in starting or part-load operation, a significantly lower fuel pressure predominates than at higher gas turbine power or at full load operation.
  • the values for the relative fuel mass flow (m_fuel) and fuel pressure (p_fuel) are shown as a function of the gas turbine power. Due to the relationship shown, it can be seen that the pressure in the atomizer nozzle can assume very different values depending on the operating state of the gas turbine, so that the atomization quality of the pressure atomization does not turn out satisfactory at low gas turbine power.
  • Fig. 2 shows an example of a sputtering or atomizing nozzle according to the invention, with which the sputtering quality can be significantly increased, especially in the start or part load operation of a gas turbine.
  • the figure shows the front region of the electrically conductive nozzle body 1, which encloses the inner volume 4 for receiving the liquid medium, for example a fuel oil or another non-conductive atomizing medium.
  • the nozzle body is formed in the present example rotationally symmetrical about its longitudinal axis 1a.
  • nozzle openings 2 for the discharge of the liquid medium intended.
  • the leaked electrostatically sprayed spray 5 is indicated schematically here.
  • a high-voltage electrode 3 is arranged to electrostatically charge the flowing liquid medium immediately before the exit from the nozzle openings 2.
  • the high-voltage electrode 3 is plate-shaped and has a circumferential sharp edge 3a in the region of its greatest lateral extent.
  • the plane in which this sharp edge 3 a extends essentially corresponds to the plane in which the nozzle openings 2 are arranged distributed on the nozzle body 1.
  • a sharp edge 3 a is in any case an acute edge angle, ie an edge angle of less than 90 °.
  • the sharp edge 3a can also have a serrated profile with tips.
  • this edge 3 a must run in the immediate vicinity of the nozzle orifices 2 in order to be able to effect the desired electrostatic charging of the liquid medium immediately before it leaves the nozzle opening.
  • a central nozzle opening 2a can be formed on the longitudinal axis 1a of the nozzle body 1. Such a central nozzle opening 2a is acted upon by an additional tip 3b at the high voltage electrode 3 in this area with an electric field, as is known from the prior art in single-hole nozzles.
  • this sharp edge 3a must be positioned as close as possible to the nozzle body 1 in order to achieve the desired size of the electric field.
  • a high voltage U> 10 kV and a distance of the order of 1 mm between the sharp edge 3a and the nozzle body 1 are selected.
  • Fig. 3 shows the principle of action of the electrostatic charge in the electrostatic atomization.
  • a non-electrostatically charged droplet 6 is shown schematically, in which only the surface tension forces F i act, holding the droplets together (by arrows indicated).
  • the right side of the Fig. 3 In this case, the additionally acting electrostatic forces F el are shown in an electrostatically charged droplet 7. The droplets 7 will burst until the charge forces within the droplet are smaller than the surface tension forces and the droplet is thus stable.
  • the high-voltage electrode 3 is subjected to a pulsed high voltage with variable duty cycle (duration of the high voltage / period) and / or, in a particular embodiment, with variable high voltage, wherein the sputtering quality is specifically influenced by changing the duty cycle of the high voltage.
  • a targeted modulation of the high voltage and / or the sampling rate by a specific pulse rate is conceivable. Such influence is particularly useful for damping combustion instabilities in the operation of a gas or Steam turbine plant, wherein in the start or part load operation due to the lower fuel pressure increases the duty cycle and at higher part-load or full load operation, the duty ratio is lowered.
  • a change in the atomization in partial load operation can also be influenced by changing the high voltage, for example by increasing it from 10 kV to> 20 kV.
  • Fig. 4 shows shadow shots on fuel nozzles with and without high voltage applied at different fuel flow rates.
  • all four representations can be seen in the upper part of the nozzle body, emerge from the four fuel jets through the outlet openings.
  • the operation of the device without the application of a high voltage that is shown as a conventional multi-hole pressure nozzle. While sufficient atomization can be seen with a high fuel flow rate of 3.95 l / min, corresponding to a pressure in the nozzle of 30 * 10 5 Pa (30 bar) (lower part of the figure), with a lower fuel flow rate of only 1.32 l / min accordingly a pressure of 3.5 * 10 5 Pa (3.5 bar) hardly achieve atomization of the fuel.
  • the present device and the associated method are therefore characterized by a simple construction, which allows in particular the principle of electrostatic atomization even with multi-hole pressure nozzles.
  • the construction of the device with the peripheral sharp edge 3a is much less susceptible to thermal distortion than a structure with separately provided for each nozzle opening cone tips.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Dispositif de pulvérisation d'un fluide liquide, constitué de :
    - un corps de tuyère (1) électriquement conducteur qui présente un volume intérieur (4) qui reprend le fluide liquide,
    - au moins une ouverture de tuyère (2) qui permet la sortie du fluide liquide ainsi que
    - une électrode (3) à haute tension disposée coaxialement par rapport à l'axe longitudinal (1a) du corps de tuyère (1) et qui présente dans la zone occupée par sa plus grande extension latérale une arête périphérique qui présente un angle d'arête, pour charger électrostatiquement le fluide liquide qui la balaie immédiatement avant sa sortie par l'ouverture (2) de tuyère,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'angle d'arête est inférieur à 90° et l'arête s'étend à petite distance du corps de tuyère (1) pour entraîner la charge électrostatique du fluide liquide qui la balaie.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs ouvertures de tuyère (2) sont prévues pour la sortie du fluide liquide.
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures de tuyère (2) sont réparties autour de la périphérie du corps de tuyère dans un plan dans lequel ou à proximité duquel s'étend l'arête accusée (3a) de l'électrode (3) à haute tension.
  4. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une autre ouverture de tuyère (2a) est disposée sur l'axe longitudinal (1a) du corps de tuyère (1), l'électrode (3) à haute tension formant une pointe (3b) dans cette zone.
  5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le corps de tuyère (1) présente une forme qui se rétrécit dans la zone occupée par les ouvertures de tuyère (2).
  6. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode (3) à haute tension est configurée essentiellement en plateau.
  7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'arête accusée périphérique (3a) de l'électrode (3) à haute tension s'étend en zigzags pointus.
  8. Procédé de pulvérisation d'un fluide liquide par recours à un dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, et dans lequel :
    - le fluide liquide est amené sous pression dans le volume intérieur (4) dudit dispositif,
    - le corps de tuyère (1) est placé au potentiel de masse et
    - une haute tension qui a pour effet une charge électrostatique du fluide liquide à un niveau qui entraîne suite à la charge électrostatique une fragmentation des gouttes qui sortent par la ou les ouvertures de tuyère est appliquée sur l'électrode (3) à haute tension,
    caractérisé en ce que
    une haute tension pulsée dont le rapport de cadençage est variable est appliquée sur l'électrode à haute tension, une modification du rapport de cadençage de la haute tension permettant d'agir sur la qualité de la pulvérisation.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'une haute tension pulsée à rapport de cadençage variable et haute tension variable est appliquée sur l'électrode (3) à haute tension, la modification du rapport de cadençage de la haute tension permettant d'agir sur la qualité de la pulvérisation.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que lorsque la pression du fluide liquide diminue, le rapport de cadençage est augmenté et lorsque la pression du fluide liquide augmente, ce rapport est diminué.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 9, pour la pulvérisation du combustible liquide dans la chambre de combustion d'une turbine à gaz,
    caractérisé en ce que
    lorsque la turbine à gaz est démarrée ou fonctionne à charge partielle, on règle un rapport de cadençage plus élevé que lorsque la turbine à gaz fonctionne à pleine charge.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 8, pour la pulvérisation de combustible liquide dans la chambre de combustion d'une turbine à gaz, caractérisé en ce que l'on agit sur la qualité de la pulvérisation par modification de la haute tension lorsque la turbine à gaz fonctionne à charge partielle.
EP01123634A 2000-10-05 2001-10-02 Dispositif et procédé de pulvérisation électrostatique de liquides Expired - Lifetime EP1195203B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10049204A DE10049204A1 (de) 2000-10-05 2000-10-05 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur elektrostatischen Zerstäubung eines flüssigen Mediums
DE10049204 2000-10-05

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1195203A2 EP1195203A2 (fr) 2002-04-10
EP1195203A3 EP1195203A3 (fr) 2004-11-10
EP1195203B1 true EP1195203B1 (fr) 2008-11-26

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EP01123634A Expired - Lifetime EP1195203B1 (fr) 2000-10-05 2001-10-02 Dispositif et procédé de pulvérisation électrostatique de liquides

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US (2) US20020063176A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1195203B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10049204A1 (fr)

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US6817554B2 (en) * 2001-08-14 2004-11-16 Northeastern University Fluid nanosplitter device
US6886345B2 (en) * 2003-07-14 2005-05-03 Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation Electrostatic evaporative cooling system
FR2950545B1 (fr) 2009-09-29 2012-11-30 Centre Nat Rech Scient Dispositif et procede de projection electrostatique d'un liquide, injecteur de carburant incorporant ce dispositif et utilisations de ce dernier
CN105514792B (zh) * 2015-11-25 2018-11-09 南京航空航天大学 一种高能射流激发器
DE102020007299B4 (de) 2020-11-30 2022-10-20 Daimler Truck AG lnjektor zum Einbringen, insbesondere zum direkten Einblasen, von gasförmigem Kraftstoff in einen Brennraum einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine, sowie Gasmotor

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10049204A1 (de) 2002-04-11
EP1195203A3 (fr) 2004-11-10
EP1195203A2 (fr) 2002-04-10
DE50114517D1 (de) 2009-01-08
US20040075003A1 (en) 2004-04-22
US20020063176A1 (en) 2002-05-30

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