EP1195203A2 - Dispositif et procédé de pulvérisation électrostatique de liquides - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de pulvérisation électrostatique de liquides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1195203A2
EP1195203A2 EP01123634A EP01123634A EP1195203A2 EP 1195203 A2 EP1195203 A2 EP 1195203A2 EP 01123634 A EP01123634 A EP 01123634A EP 01123634 A EP01123634 A EP 01123634A EP 1195203 A2 EP1195203 A2 EP 1195203A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid medium
nozzle
nozzle body
voltage electrode
high voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01123634A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1195203A3 (fr
EP1195203B1 (fr
Inventor
Uwe Dr. Leuteritz
Bruno Schuermans
Christian Dr. Steinbach
Wolfgang Weisenstein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Technology AG
Alstom Schweiz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Technology AG, Alstom Schweiz AG filed Critical Alstom Technology AG
Publication of EP1195203A2 publication Critical patent/EP1195203A2/fr
Publication of EP1195203A3 publication Critical patent/EP1195203A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1195203B1 publication Critical patent/EP1195203B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/32—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by electrostatic means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/035—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by gasless spraying, e.g. electrostatically assisted airless spraying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/053—Arrangements for supplying power, e.g. charging power
    • B05B5/0533—Electrodes specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of electrodes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
    • F02M27/04—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by electric means, ionisation, polarisation or magnetism
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2206/00—Burners for specific applications
    • F23D2206/10—Turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device as well as a method of electrostatic Atomization of a liquid medium
  • the Device an electrically conductive nozzle body with an internal volume to hold the liquid Medium, at least one nozzle opening for the outlet of the liquid medium as well as a coaxial to one Longitudinal axis of the nozzle body arranged in the inner volume Has high voltage electrode, with the flowing past liquid medium immediately before the outlet electrostatically charged from the nozzle opening becomes.
  • the device and the associated method are used particularly in turbomachinery, such as gas or Steam turbine systems, for injection or Injection of the liquid fuel used.
  • a liquid medium such as for example, a liquid fuel
  • common Pressure atomizers used, in which the liquid Medium under high pressure the internal volume of a Nozzle body is fed and in the subsequent Expansion through the nozzle opening into fine drops atomized. It is to support this atomization known, the liquid medium via a high voltage electrode before additionally emerging from the nozzle charge electrostatically. This electrostatic Due to the repulsive forces, charging causes the Loads a better and finer atomization.
  • DE 41 06 564 A1 shows a device for electrostatic atomization of liquids, especially of fuel, which is an atomizer nozzle includes.
  • the nozzle consists of an electrically conductive Nozzle body that is at ground potential and a nozzle opening for exiting one under pressure has standing liquid volume.
  • In the interior volume of the nozzle body is one of the nozzle openings coaxially opposite electrode arranged on the a high voltage potential.
  • the electrode points a cone tip that is directly at the outlet opening of the frustoconical nozzle body is positioned. Due to the very high electrical Fields at this cone tip of the electrode becomes the flowing fluid immediately before the Leaving the nozzle opening electrostatically charged. Because of this electrostatic charge atomizes the liquid after exiting the Nozzle opening to a very fine spray.
  • a Similar device is to DE 41 06 563 A1 remove.
  • US 4,051,826 shows a device for Fuel injection into a cylinder space Combustion engine.
  • the nozzle used here has several nozzle openings, the limits of which are formed as sharp edges.
  • At this Device is the housing with a high voltage potential pressurized so that at the outlet openings very high electric fields prevail that also to an electrostatic charge of the escaping liquid. Because of a missing high potential difference at these outlet openings is the size of the electrostatic charge however only slightly.
  • gas or steam turbine technology plays the quality of the atomization of the liquid fuels used an essential Role for the stability of the combustion, the efficiency as well as the pollutant emissions generated.
  • multi-hole pressure nozzles are used to ensure a good one Distribution of the fuel in the combustion air too to reach.
  • a pilot stage covers the start and lower part load range.
  • the Another main stage is for the operation of the upper one Partial load range and full load are provided.
  • both stages are separate fuel supply and control systems required, so the effort for the Provision of such a fuel system is relatively high.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object based, an apparatus and a method for electrostatic atomization of a liquid medium to provide, in particular the use of a Allow multi-hole pressure nozzle and sufficient Atomization quality even when starting and at partial load are able to deliver a turbomachine.
  • a liquid medium consists of an electrical one conductive nozzle body that has an internal volume for Has recording of the liquid medium, at least a nozzle opening for the outlet of the liquid Medium and one coaxial to a longitudinal axis of the Nozzle body arranged in the internal volume high-voltage electrode.
  • the high voltage electrode is arranged so that it flows past liquid Medium immediately before exiting the nozzle opening or the nozzle openings when creating one High voltage can electrostatically charge that the atomization quality due to this electrostatic Charge is increased.
  • the electrically conductive nozzle body is used for this Ground potential placed to a sufficient size of the electric field between high voltage electrode and To produce nozzle body in the area of the nozzle opening.
  • a peripheral sharp edge on that runs at a short distance from the nozzle body to the electrostatic charging of the flowing by to be able to effect liquid medium Under one sharp edge is always a sharp one Edge angle, i.e. an edge angle of less than 90 ° to understand.
  • the sharp edge can of course also a jagged course with tips exhibit.
  • the device a multi-hole nozzle, the nozzle openings in or are located near the plane in which the sharp Edge of the high voltage electrode runs.
  • the nozzle openings in or are located near the plane in which the sharp Edge of the high voltage electrode runs.
  • multiple rows of nozzle openings to be provided in the longitudinal direction of the nozzle body are spaced from each other, then for each row a separate all-round sharp edge on the high-voltage electrode is trained.
  • a central outlet opening can be opened the longitudinal axis of the nozzle body.
  • a such a central nozzle opening is through a additional tip on the high voltage electrode in applied an electrical field to this area, like this from the prior art Single hole nozzles are known.
  • the nozzle body is preferably rotationally symmetrical formed around its longitudinal axis and points a tapered, for example frustoconical, Form in the area of the nozzle openings. at a rotationally symmetrical design of the The nozzle body or the inner volume is the present one High voltage electrode preferably approximately plate-shaped educated. Such a configuration leaves is and is technically very easy to implement insensitive to thermal distortion.
  • the liquid medium becomes the internal volume under pressure supplied
  • the nozzle body is connected to ground potential and the high voltage electrode with a high voltage charged with an electrostatic charge on the liquid medium in a size caused by the additional electrostatic charge to one Bursting out of or the nozzle openings escaping drops leads.
  • this atomizing device is the High voltage electrode with a pulsed high voltage with variable duty cycle (duration of high voltage / Period) and / or variable high voltage acted upon, the atomization quality by Change the duty cycle of the high voltage is influenced in a targeted manner. Also targeted modulation the high voltage and / or the duty cycle by a certain pulse rate is conceivable.
  • Such Influence is particularly useful for damping Combustion instabilities when operating a gas or Steam turbine system on, in the start or part load operation due to the lower fuel pressure Duty cycle increased and with stronger partial load or Full load operation the duty cycle is reduced.
  • a change in atomization in part-load operation can also by changing the high voltage be influenced, for example by this of 10 kV is increased to> 20kV.
  • the present device and the associated one Processes are therefore characterized by a simple Construction, which in particular the principle of electrostatic atomization even with multi-hole pressure nozzles allows.
  • the construction of the device with the surrounding sharp edge is much less sensitive against thermal distortion as a structure with separately provided for each nozzle opening Cone tips.
  • Fig. 1 shows an example of the dependence of Fuel pressure when operating a gas turbine from the Gas turbine power.
  • m_brennstoff relative fuel mass flow
  • p_brennstoff fuel pressure
  • Fig. 2 shows an example of an inventive Atomizing device or atomizing nozzle, with the atomization quality just in the start or Part load operation of a gas turbine can be significantly increased can.
  • the figure shows the front area of the electrical conductive nozzle body 1, the internal volume 4 for receiving the liquid medium, for example a fuel oil or another non-conductive Atomizing medium, encloses.
  • the nozzle body is in the present example rotationally symmetrical about its Longitudinal axis 1a formed. Are in the front area Nozzle openings 2 for the exit of the liquid medium intended.
  • the leaked electrostatically atomized Spray 5 is indicated schematically here.
  • a high-voltage electrode 3 is arranged, around the flowing liquid medium immediately in front the discharge from the nozzle openings 2 electrostatically charge.
  • the high voltage electrode 3 is plate-shaped trained and exhibits in the area of their largest lateral extent a circumferential sharp edge 3a on.
  • the plane in which this sharp edge 3a runs corresponds essentially to the level at which the Nozzle openings 2 are distributed on the nozzle body 1 are.
  • Below a sharp edge 3a is in always an acute edge angle, i.e. on Understand edge angles of less than 90 °. How from 5 can be seen, which the view according to represents the line V-V of Figure 2, the sharp Edge 3a of course also one have a jagged course with tips.
  • a central can continue Nozzle opening 2a on the longitudinal axis 1a of the nozzle body 1 be formed.
  • Such a central Nozzle opening 2a is covered by an additional tip 3b on the high-voltage electrode 3 in this area an electric field, as this emerges from the State of the art in single-hole nozzles is known.
  • a high voltage is applied to this high-voltage electrode 3 created, so forms on the sharp edge 3a an electric field with a particularly high field strength out.
  • This high field strength enables leakage of Electrons from the electrode and thus a charge of the oil that flows around the electrode.
  • the nozzle openings 2 will Fuel oil immediately before it exits the nozzle openings electrostatically charged so it's this electrostatic charge when exiting the nozzle can essentially still be maintained.
  • the distance of the sharp edge 3a from the nozzle body 1 must depend on the high voltage applied and the electrical properties of the used liquid medium can of course be chosen so that there is no electrical breakdown to the nozzle body 1 takes place. On the other hand, this must be sharp Edge 3a positioned as close as possible to the nozzle body 1 be the desired size of the electric field to be able to achieve.
  • a high voltage U> 10 kV and a distance in on the order of 1 mm between the sharp edge 3a and the nozzle body 1 can be selected.
  • Fig. 3 shows the principle of action of electrostatic charging in electrostatic atomization.
  • a non-electrostatically charged drop 6 is shown schematically, in which only the surface tension forces F i act that hold the drop together (indicated by arrows).
  • mutually repelling electrostatic forces F el act within the fluid elements. If these forces are greater than the surface tension forces F i , which hold the drop together, after exiting the nozzle, the drop bursts.
  • the right side of FIG. 3 shows the additionally acting electrostatic forces F el in an electrostatically charged drop 7. The drops 7 will burst until the charge forces within the drop are smaller than the surface tension forces and the drop is thus stable.
  • the proposed technology also works sufficient atomization quality at lower pressure in the nozzle to reach. Decoupling from Throughput of the liquid medium and atomization or Atomization quality possible.
  • this atomizing device is the High voltage electrode 3 with a pulsed High voltage with variable duty cycle (duration of the High voltage / period) and / or more variable High voltage applied, the atomization quality by changing the duty cycle of the High voltage is targeted. Also one targeted modulation of the high voltage and / or Duty cycle through a certain pulse frequency is conceivable. Such influence is particularly useful to dampen combustion instabilities in Operation of a gas or steam turbine system, wherein in start or part load operation due to the lower Fuel pressure increases the duty cycle and at stronger duty cycle or full load operation the duty cycle is lowered.
  • This measure can an almost constant atomization quality during of the entire operating area can be reached, because in Full load operation the high pressure without electrostatic Atomization to a high atomization quality leads while at lower pressure in the start or lower part-load operation the lower pressure atomization quality through the additional electrostatic Atomization is increased.
  • a change in atomization in part-load operation can also by changing the high voltage be influenced, for example by this of 10 kV is increased to> 20kV.
  • Fig. 4 shows shadow recordings on the invention Fuel nozzles with and without high voltage with different fuel throughput. In All four representations are in the upper area Recognize nozzle body from which four fuel jets exit through the outlet openings.
  • the left part of the figure shows the operation of the device without the application of high voltage, ie as a conventional multi-hole pressure nozzle. While with a high fuel throughput of 3.95 l / min corresponding to a pressure in the nozzle of 30 * 10 5 Pa (30 bar) sufficient atomization can be seen (lower part of the figure), with a lower fuel throughput of only 1.32 l / min corresponding to a pressure of 3.5 * 10 5 Pa (3.5 bar) hardly any atomization of the fuel can be achieved.
  • the present device and the associated one Processes are therefore characterized by a simple Construction, which in particular the principle of electrostatic atomization even with multi-hole pressure nozzles allows.
  • the construction of the device with the peripheral sharp edge 3a is much less sensitive against thermal distortion as a structure with separately provided for each nozzle opening Cone tips.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
EP01123634A 2000-10-05 2001-10-02 Dispositif et procédé de pulvérisation électrostatique de liquides Expired - Lifetime EP1195203B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10049204 2000-10-05
DE10049204A DE10049204A1 (de) 2000-10-05 2000-10-05 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur elektrostatischen Zerstäubung eines flüssigen Mediums

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1195203A2 true EP1195203A2 (fr) 2002-04-10
EP1195203A3 EP1195203A3 (fr) 2004-11-10
EP1195203B1 EP1195203B1 (fr) 2008-11-26

Family

ID=7658697

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01123634A Expired - Lifetime EP1195203B1 (fr) 2000-10-05 2001-10-02 Dispositif et procédé de pulvérisation électrostatique de liquides

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (2) US20020063176A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1195203B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10049204A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020007299A1 (de) 2020-11-30 2022-06-02 Daimler Truck AG lnjektor zum Einbringen, insbesondere zum direkten Einblasen, von gasförmigem Kraftstoff in einen Brennraum einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine, sowie Gasmotor

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6817554B2 (en) * 2001-08-14 2004-11-16 Northeastern University Fluid nanosplitter device
US6886345B2 (en) * 2003-07-14 2005-05-03 Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation Electrostatic evaporative cooling system
FR2950545B1 (fr) * 2009-09-29 2012-11-30 Centre Nat Rech Scient Dispositif et procede de projection electrostatique d'un liquide, injecteur de carburant incorporant ce dispositif et utilisations de ce dernier
CN105514792B (zh) * 2015-11-25 2018-11-09 南京航空航天大学 一种高能射流激发器

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4051826A (en) 1975-07-10 1977-10-04 Richards Clyde N Means and method of injecting charged fuel into internal combustion engines
DE4106564A1 (de) 1991-03-01 1992-09-03 Bosch Gmbh Robert Vorrichtung zur elektrostatischen zerstaeubung von fluessigkeiten
DE4106563A1 (de) 1991-03-01 1992-09-03 Bosch Gmbh Robert Vorrichtung zur elektrostatischen zerstaeubung von fluessigkeiten

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US4343433A (en) * 1977-09-29 1982-08-10 Ppg Industries, Inc. Internal-atomizing spray head with secondary annulus suitable for use with induction charging electrode
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4051826A (en) 1975-07-10 1977-10-04 Richards Clyde N Means and method of injecting charged fuel into internal combustion engines
DE4106564A1 (de) 1991-03-01 1992-09-03 Bosch Gmbh Robert Vorrichtung zur elektrostatischen zerstaeubung von fluessigkeiten
DE4106563A1 (de) 1991-03-01 1992-09-03 Bosch Gmbh Robert Vorrichtung zur elektrostatischen zerstaeubung von fluessigkeiten

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020007299A1 (de) 2020-11-30 2022-06-02 Daimler Truck AG lnjektor zum Einbringen, insbesondere zum direkten Einblasen, von gasförmigem Kraftstoff in einen Brennraum einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine, sowie Gasmotor
WO2022111886A1 (fr) 2020-11-30 2022-06-02 Daimler Ag Injecteur pour introduire, plus particulièrement injecter directement, du carburant gazeux dans une chambre de combustion d'un moteur à combustion interne, et moteur à gaz
DE102020007299B4 (de) 2020-11-30 2022-10-20 Daimler Truck AG lnjektor zum Einbringen, insbesondere zum direkten Einblasen, von gasförmigem Kraftstoff in einen Brennraum einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine, sowie Gasmotor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1195203A3 (fr) 2004-11-10
DE50114517D1 (de) 2009-01-08
EP1195203B1 (fr) 2008-11-26
DE10049204A1 (de) 2002-04-11
US20040075003A1 (en) 2004-04-22
US20020063176A1 (en) 2002-05-30

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