EP0277935B1 - Verfahren zum Vergasen von Brennstoffen mit Sauerstoff in einem schachtförmigen Ofen - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Vergasen von Brennstoffen mit Sauerstoff in einem schachtförmigen Ofen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0277935B1
EP0277935B1 EP88890012A EP88890012A EP0277935B1 EP 0277935 B1 EP0277935 B1 EP 0277935B1 EP 88890012 A EP88890012 A EP 88890012A EP 88890012 A EP88890012 A EP 88890012A EP 0277935 B1 EP0277935 B1 EP 0277935B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
furnace
gas
oxygen
product gas
static bed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88890012A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0277935A1 (de
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH
Original Assignee
Voest Alpine Industrienlagenbau GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voest Alpine Industrienlagenbau GmbH filed Critical Voest Alpine Industrienlagenbau GmbH
Publication of EP0277935A1 publication Critical patent/EP0277935A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0277935B1 publication Critical patent/EP0277935B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/08—Continuous processes with ash-removal in liquid state
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/16—Continuous processes simultaneously reacting oxygen and water with the carbonaceous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/001—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by thermal treatment
    • C10K3/003—Reducing the tar content
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/158—Screws
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1223—Heating the gasifier by burners

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the gasification of fuels with oxygen or oxygen-containing gases and, if appropriate, water vapor in a shaft-shaped furnace for receiving a solid charge, at the lower end of which there is a primary gas chamber charged with at least one burner, in which a fixed bed is formed by the charge. the charge material being gasified by the hot exhaust gases from the burner and the resulting gas being withdrawn from the furnace as product gas after passing through the fixed bed, and a device for carrying out the method.
  • the product gas is largely free of tar in order to be able to use the product gas produced without further quenching for further use.
  • it is not always possible to maintain sufficient tar freedom of the product gas e.g. not if the solid charge contains a high water content and / or a high volatile content.
  • the object of the invention is to further develop the method described at the outset in such a way that the product gas is free from impurities which are harmful to the environment and restrict its possible use, such as tar or other higher hydrocarbons.
  • This object is achieved in that an oxygen-containing gas is introduced into the space of the furnace located above the fixed bed and filled with product gas and a small part of the product gas is burned.
  • the product gas temperature can be raised to approximately 1000 ° C. in a simple manner. Since generally higher hydrocarbons are completely destroyed at a temperature of approx. 1000 ° C and a residence time of approx. 2 s, the product gas is sufficiently tar-free.
  • the temperature of the product gas is preferably measured in a product gas discharge line of the furnace and the oxygen-containing gas is fed in in an amount dependent on the measured temperature. This makes it possible to ensure the desired high temperature of the product gas with the smallest possible deviations by burning the minimum volume part of the product gas required for this.
  • any dioxins or process products containing furan which may be formed are avoided by providing a further fixed bed behind the fixed bed of waste materials formed by the gas to be gasified, which bed is covered by the gas to be gasified in the direction of the primary gas chamber, through which the resulting gas passes through before being drawn off, and that the oxygen-containing gas is introduced above the further fixed bed and a small part of the product gas which has passed through the further fixed bed is burned.
  • the gas supply line for the oxygen-containing gas preferably opens into the furnace with a plurality of openings, the openings being arranged distributed over the circumference of the furnace and preferably also at different height ranges of the furnace.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 each represent an embodiment of a shaft-shaped furnace in vertical section.
  • the furnace 1 has a vertical upper section 2, preferably having a circular cross section, and a laterally angled lower section 3, which forms the primary gas chamber 4. Since the furnace 1 can be used without pressure or under pressure, its outer jacket 5 is designed accordingly, that is to say as a pressure vessel or as an ordinary gas-tight vessel.
  • a container 8 having cooled walls 6, in particular walls 6 composed of tubes 7 through which coolant flows and constructed as a basket.
  • the furnace 1 has a dividing wall 12 which extends downwards and is provided with internal cooling 11, the lower free edge 13 of which is approximately at the level of the connection 14 of the angled lower section 3 of the furnace 1 at its vertical Part 2 lies.
  • the basket also has an inwardly projecting projection 15, which forms the upper boundary of the primary gas chamber 4 underneath.
  • a feed line 16 for the charge material 17 to be gasified opens into the section 10 of the furnace, which feeds into the primary gas chamber 4 from a container 18 connected to this feed line 16 by means of a conveying device, such as a screw conveyor 19, to form a bulk material bed.
  • a conveying device such as a screw conveyor 19
  • the partition 12 is directed obliquely downwards, preferably at an angle of 30 to 45 ° to the primary gas chamber 4.
  • the charge 17 to be gasified slides through the Supply line 16 via a sliding surface 21, which is cooled and provided with a refractory lining 22, up to the charging opening 23 opening into the primary gas chamber.
  • the lower end 24 of the basket 8 is formed by an approximately horizontally directed support base 25, which also has internal cooling and whose free end, which projects into the primary gas chamber, is designed as a slag overflow weir 26.
  • a trough 27 which is filled with coolant 28 for granulating the slag 30 which passes over the overflow weir 26 and exits the primary gas chamber 4 through a passage opening 29.
  • a burner 37 opens into the primary gas chamber 4, into which feeds 32, 33, 34 for fuels, oxygen (or air) and possibly water vapor open.
  • the basket 8 is coated on the inside up to the height of the first third of its vertical part - its partition on both sides - with refractory material 22.
  • the department 9 of the basket 8 and the container 18 each have at their upper end closable feed openings 36, 37 for the goods to be charged 17 and 38, respectively, by means of a lock 35.
  • the section 9 which is further away from the burner 31 is provided near its upper end with a discharge line 39 for the product gas formed and opens into the primary gas chamber by means of a passage 40.
  • the section 10 which is closer to the burner 31 opens into the primary gas chamber with the passage 40 adjacent charging opening 23.
  • a gas feed line 41 for an oxygen-containing gas opens above the fixed bed formed by the charge 38 by means of a plurality of orifices 42 which are distributed over the circumference of the furnace 1.
  • a plurality of orifices 42 are preferably also located at different heights in the space 43 of the furnace 1 through which the product gas flows.
  • the control unit 46 provided is operatively connected to a temperature sensor 47 provided in the product gas discharge line 39.
  • the function of the device is as follows:
  • charging material 38 in particular coke
  • charging material 38 is poured into the compartment 9 located further away from the burner 31, whereby a bed of bulk material with a first bed surface 49 facing the burner 31 is formed in accordance with the angle of repose 48 of the coke.
  • This bed surface 49 starts from the lower edge 13 of the partition.
  • Charge gas 17 to be gasified is then introduced into the section 10 of the basket closer to the burner 31, which charge material 17 forms a further bed of bulk goods, which covers the first bed of bulk goods and has a free bed surface 50 facing the burner 31, against which the burner jet 51 is directed .
  • the charge material 17 to be gasified which is introduced into the section 10 closer to the burner 31 can be of inferior quality, for example brown coal, highly volatile hard coal, old tires or BRAM (fuel from waste).
  • This charge 17 is gasified after igniting the burner 31, the water vapor contained in the charge taking part in the gasification reactions and higher hydrocarbons being cracked from the pyrolysis and the resulting raw gas as a result of the arrangement of the Gas extraction line 39 is forced in compartment 9, which is further away from burner 31, to pass through the bulk bed of coke, for example, located behind it.
  • the raw gas is filtered so that the product gas leaving the department 9 has a high purity.
  • the thickness 52 of the bulk bed of the charge 17 to be gasified depends on the thickness 52 of the bulk bed of the charge 17 to be gasified and on the setting of the primary gasification whether the charge 38 lying behind the second bulk bed 38, e.g. the coke, also gasified or used only or primarily as a filter for the raw gas passing through.
  • an oxygen-containing gas e.g. Air
  • the control valve 44 regulating the supply of the oxygen-containing gas is used to precisely set a specific temperature of the product gas. This control valve 44 is opened more or less via the control unit 46 depending on the temperature of the product gas determined by the temperature sensor 47, as a result of which more or less oxygen-containing gas in reaches the space 43 and more or less parts by volume of the product gas are burned.
  • Waste oil and air are fed to the burner 31 as fuel and burned. Waste tires are introduced as the charge material 17 to be gasified; the fixed bed behind that too gasifying charge material 17, which is covered by this in the direction of the primary gas chamber 4, is formed by coke.
  • the withdrawn product gas occurs in the conventional process, ie without introducing an oxygen-containing gas into room 43, in an amount of 2000 Nm3 / h and at a temperature of 890 ° C. Its analysis is shown in Table I.
  • Tarry components were found in the product gas, which are indications of a higher hydrocarbon content, including dioxins.
  • the product gas is free of tarry components; it was passed through a gas purification plant comprising a cyclone, a filter, a condensate separator and an ethylene glycol scrubber for the analysis of dioxins, furans and higher hydrocarbons.
  • the cyclone dust, the filter dust, the condensate and the ethylene glycol were then analyzed for dioxins, furans and higher hydrocarbons. It was found that less than 0.05 ppb; less than 0.07 ppb in filter dust; the condensate contains less than 0.9 ppt and the ethylene glycol contains less than 0.1 ppt dioxins and furans.
  • the levels of higher hydrocarbons are consistently below 10 ppt.
  • the product gas thus produced is practically free of dioxins, furan-containing process products and higher hydrocarbons.
  • the furnace 1 has in its vertical shaft part only a single section 9, in which the charge 17 to be gasified is introduced.
  • the furnace shown in FIG. 2 corresponds to that of FIG. 1.
  • Coke or coal for example, can be introduced as the charge material 17 to be gasified.
  • coal, oxygen and steam are converted to a product gas, initially no oxygen being fed into the space 43 above the fixed bed, but only oxygen being introduced via the burner 31.
  • the analysis of the resulting product gas is shown in Table III.
  • Tarry components were found in the product gas, which are indications of a higher hydrocarbon content, including dioxins.
  • the product gas is produced in an amount of 1876 Nm3 / h at a temperature of 754 ° C.
  • the product gas is free of tarry components; it was passed through a gas purification plant comprising a cyclone, a filter, a condensate separator and an ethylene glycol scrubber for the analysis of dioxins, furans and higher hydrocarbons.
  • the cyclone dust, the filter dust, the condensate and the ethylene glycol were then analyzed for dioxins, furans and higher hydrocarbons. It was found that less than 0.05 ppb; less than 0.07 ppb in filter dust; the condensate contains less than 0.9 ppt and the ethylene glycol contains less than 0.1 ppt dioxins and furans.
  • the levels of higher hydrocarbons are consistently below 10 ppt.
  • the product gas thus obtained is practically free of dioxins and higher hydrocarbons.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
EP88890012A 1987-01-29 1988-01-25 Verfahren zum Vergasen von Brennstoffen mit Sauerstoff in einem schachtförmigen Ofen Expired - Lifetime EP0277935B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT177/87 1987-01-29
AT0017787A AT388925B (de) 1987-01-29 1987-01-29 Verfahren zum vergasen von brennstoffen mit sauerstoff in einem schachtfoermigen ofen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0277935A1 EP0277935A1 (de) 1988-08-10
EP0277935B1 true EP0277935B1 (de) 1991-11-06

Family

ID=3483585

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88890012A Expired - Lifetime EP0277935B1 (de) 1987-01-29 1988-01-25 Verfahren zum Vergasen von Brennstoffen mit Sauerstoff in einem schachtförmigen Ofen

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4776285A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0277935B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPH0631340B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT388925B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3865979D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GR (1) GR3003717T3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT382388B (de) * 1985-03-08 1987-02-25 Voest Alpine Ag Vorrichtung zur vergasung von brennstoffen
AT398121B (de) * 1990-10-09 1994-09-26 Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen Verfahren zur abfallverbrennung
AT397808B (de) * 1992-04-22 1994-07-25 Oemv Ag Verfahren zur druckvergasung von organischen substanzen, z.b. kunststoffmischungen
FR2734741B1 (fr) * 1995-05-31 1997-08-22 Beaumartin Sa Procede de recyclage des bois traites et l'installation de mise en oeuvre du procede
FI112798B (fi) * 1999-07-28 2004-01-15 Valtion Teknillinen Menetelmä ja laitteisto hiilipitoisen polttoaineen kaasuttamiseksi kiinteäkerroskaasuttimessa
DE19960882A1 (de) * 1999-12-17 2001-06-21 Kloeckner Humboldt Wedag Reaktionskammer zur thermischen Behandlung von Abfallstoffen und Verfahren zum Betrieb der Reaktionskammer
DE10007115C2 (de) * 2000-02-17 2002-06-27 Masch Und Stahlbau Gmbh Rolan Verfahren und Reaktor zum Vergasen und Schmelzen von Einsatzstoffen mit absteigender Gasführung
US6497187B2 (en) 2001-03-16 2002-12-24 Gas Technology Institute Advanced NOX reduction for boilers
DE102004016993B4 (de) * 2004-04-02 2014-11-06 Kbi International Ltd. Reaktor zur thermischen Abfallbehandlung mit einem Zuführkanal und Verfahren zur thermischen Abfallbehandlung
DE102007006979B4 (de) * 2007-02-07 2009-09-24 Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Verfahren zur Schlackebadvergasung
US8580151B2 (en) * 2009-12-18 2013-11-12 Lummus Technology Inc. Flux addition as a filter conditioner
IT201600100814A1 (it) * 2016-10-07 2018-04-07 Processi Innovativi S R L Procedimento e impianto per la produzione di syngas da rifiuti, preferibilmente rifiuti industriali o municipali e relativi prodotti associati.

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE458879C (de) * 1922-02-12 1928-04-21 Conrad Arnemann Dipl Ing Verfahren zum Vergasen und Verschwelen von mulmigen grubenfeuchten Brennstoffen, wie Rohbraunkohle
GB336356A (en) * 1929-08-22 1930-10-16 Babcock & Wilcox Co Improvements in relation to boiler furnaces
DE897610C (de) * 1951-04-17 1953-11-23 Koppers Gmbh Heinrich Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Gasen
US3820964A (en) * 1972-05-30 1974-06-28 Cons Natural Gas Svc Refuse gasification process and apparatus
JPS5318828A (en) * 1976-08-04 1978-02-21 Takuma Co Ltd Combustible carbon combustion furnace
US4323366A (en) * 1978-12-29 1982-04-06 Voest-Alpine Ag Apparatus for the gasification of coal
JPS5839464A (ja) * 1981-09-04 1983-03-08 Silver Seiko Ltd 印字装置
DD212087A1 (de) * 1982-12-09 1984-08-01 Inst F Energetik Zentralst F R Verfahren zur ueberhitzung belasteter rohgase
DE3312863C2 (de) * 1983-04-09 1986-12-04 Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich Brennkammer zum Verbrennen von Abgasen
JPS59168657U (ja) * 1983-04-26 1984-11-12 豊島　透 ガス発生炉熱風発生装置
FR2551453B1 (fr) * 1983-08-31 1985-10-11 Fives Cail Babcock Gazeificateur de charbon en lit fluidise sous une haute pression
DE3335544A1 (de) * 1983-09-28 1985-04-04 Herwig 1000 Berlin Michel-Kim Reaktorvorrichtung zur erzeugung von generatorgas aus brennbaren abfallprodukten
AT383139B (de) * 1984-12-18 1987-05-25 Waagner Biro Ag Verfahren zur ueberhitzung des vergasungsrohgases aus bituminoesen brennstoffen und einrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
AT382388B (de) * 1985-03-08 1987-02-25 Voest Alpine Ag Vorrichtung zur vergasung von brennstoffen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS63193989A (ja) 1988-08-11
DE3865979D1 (de) 1991-12-12
GR3003717T3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1993-03-16
EP0277935A1 (de) 1988-08-10
US4776285A (en) 1988-10-11
AT388925B (de) 1989-09-25
JPH0631340B2 (ja) 1994-04-27
ATA17787A (de) 1989-02-15

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