EP0275938B1 - Elément de construction pour coffrage, et coffrage perdu constitué d'un tel élément - Google Patents

Elément de construction pour coffrage, et coffrage perdu constitué d'un tel élément Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0275938B1
EP0275938B1 EP88100506A EP88100506A EP0275938B1 EP 0275938 B1 EP0275938 B1 EP 0275938B1 EP 88100506 A EP88100506 A EP 88100506A EP 88100506 A EP88100506 A EP 88100506A EP 0275938 B1 EP0275938 B1 EP 0275938B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projections
shuttering
formwork
recesses
components
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP88100506A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0275938A1 (fr
Inventor
Karl Bühl
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Priority to AT88100506T priority Critical patent/ATE71421T1/de
Publication of EP0275938A1 publication Critical patent/EP0275938A1/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/28—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid
    • E04B2/40—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid the walls being characterised by fillings in all cavities in order to form a wall construction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2/8611—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with spacers being embedded in at least one form leaf
    • E04B2/8617—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with spacers being embedded in at least one form leaf with spacers being embedded in both form leaves
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0215—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2002/8676—Wall end details

Definitions

  • the invention first relates to a formwork component for forming a lost formwork into which concrete or cement is poured, in particular formwork component for the formation of the shell of a shell concrete, whereby a plug connection is provided between surfaces of the formwork components consisting of foamed plastic, which are made of , for example pin-like, projections and these receiving recesses, which have the same dimensions and the same grid spacing in the longitudinal and transverse directions.
  • formwork components are known from DE-GM 83 21 739 and DE-OS 25 36 526.
  • Similar formwork components are known from CH-PS 616 981 and from DE-GM 86 01 945.7, only no uniform grid division is provided.
  • plug connections have the task of creating their correct position relative to one another when the individual formwork components are joined together.
  • the basic grid formed by the projections or recesses can, for example, according to the first mentioned prior publication be 25 mm.
  • the further function of the projections and recesses is to secure the individual components in their plug-in position against displacement due to forces that run parallel to the surfaces having the projections and recesses.
  • the disadvantage of these previously known formwork components is that only projections are provided on one surface and recesses receiving the projections are provided on the other surface. This means that such a formwork component can only be assembled with other formwork components in such a way that a surface with projections is collided with a surface with recesses.
  • the stones according to the aforementioned reference are not a formwork component according to the preamble of claim 1
  • the upper surface and the lower surface of each stone are in one Way with recesses and projections that only allow the lower surface of one stone to be plugged onto the upper surface of another stone.
  • this does not allow the upper surface of one stone to be plugged together with the upper surface of another stone, nor the lower surface of a stone with the lower surface of another stone.
  • This is prevented both by approximately existing square recesses and projections, which do not match in shape and dimensions, circular projections which are circular in plan view, as well as by the formation of diagonally extending webs with their projections and recesses.
  • the object of the invention is to provide more variants of assembling such formwork components to form a partial formwork wall in a formwork component according to the preamble of claim 1 cited at the beginning. It should also - without significant losses Material - the possibility of halving the formwork components or cutting off partial areas of these components, while at the same time achieving great stability of the plug connection.
  • each of the two surfaces ie both an upper surface and a lower surface of a formwork component, which enter into a plug connection during operation with a corresponding counter surface of another formwork component, with all mutually identical and mating projections and recesses located between the projections are provided, which fit into the identically formed recesses and projections of each of the mating surfaces of another formwork component to form the plug connection, and that the projections or recesses of one surface (upper surface) opposite the projections and recesses of the other surface (lower surface) of the formwork component are offset by a grid pitch.
  • both the upper surface and the lower surface are formed with the invention according to the characterizing part of claim 1 cited above.
  • both an upper surface and a lower surface of such a formwork component can be plugged onto one another, but also such formwork components can be connected to one another by plugging together two upper surfaces or two lower surfaces.
  • the side faces of the stacked formwork components are flush with each other in each of the plug connections described above.
  • the two last-mentioned variants have the advantage over the assembly of an upper surface and a lower surface that the grid division is halved for T and corner connections. Since the height of the respective wall, wall or the like is almost never equal to a whole multiple of the height of the formwork components when creating a building, the formwork components of the first bottom or last top row must be shortened, ie cut off. The cut-off parts can no longer be used in the arrangement according to the explained prior art. In the case of formwork components according to the invention, however, these residues can be assembled with other formwork components after being rotated through 180 °, ie they can be reused.
  • the projections and recesses are identical to one another and fit into one another, forces running parallel to the upper or lower surface are absorbed by the recesses and projections located one inside the other, without the formwork components being able to shift towards one another in the direction of these forces.
  • the offset of the projections or recesses of one (upper) surface compared to the projections and recesses of the other (lower) surface of a formwork component by a grid division gives further advantages.
  • the aforementioned grid dimension is of great importance.
  • the invention thus enables a very high degree of flexibility, which applies in particular to the corner connections mentioned.
  • the grid size is 125 mm, so it is much too coarse for the reasons mentioned above.
  • the subject of DE-GM 83 21 739 the grid size is only 25 mm, but it can no longer be reduced, since the pin and the recesses accommodating the pin have to be reduced in their diameter so much that the grid size is even smaller then they are no longer sufficiently stable.
  • the desired stability can be achieved with the invention even with a grid dimension of 25 mm, but on the other hand a displacement to the grid dimension R / 2 of 12.5 mm can be achieved.
  • the preferred, but not exclusive, grid pitch R according to the invention is 50 mm or even 25 mm.
  • the web arrangement according to claim 4 contributes to the further stability of such plug connections.
  • the above T and corner connections are not hindered by this.
  • this creates a seal against the passage of liquid concrete or cement milk, which is located between two formwork walls in the case of lost formwork composed of such formwork components. Preventing the leakage of concrete or cement milk also means that no thermal bridges are created.
  • the features of claim 6 give the advantage that the aforementioned lock is given in the inner region of the interconnected surfaces of the formwork components, but that dirt residues, water or the like located on the upper and lower surfaces of the formwork component between the projections unhindered to the outside by a Brush or the like can be removed.
  • the invention further relates to a lost formwork composed of such formwork components, the outer and inner walls formed by the formwork components being spaced apart and held to one another via metal connectors let into the formwork components (preamble of claim 7). It is part of the object of the invention to enable such formwork components to be cut in half when the cut parts are reused. In a further development of this part of the task, care should now be taken to ensure that the formwork components and metal connectors forming this lost formwork can be separated from one another with relatively little effort, approximately at half the height of the formwork components.
  • the metal connectors consist of an upper and a lower connector half, which are located in the upper and lower half of the lost formwork and are connected to one another only via relatively thin and weak separating bridges are.
  • the metal connectors and the formwork components connected by them to both walls of the lost formwork can hereby be separated easily, for example by a saw.
  • the metal connectors are initially in one piece, which reduces the assembly costs accordingly.
  • the features of claim 8 result on the one hand relatively thin, easily separable dividers and on the other hand sufficiently rigid connecting struts of the formwork components of both formwork walls. It also makes enough free space within the square or rectangular center frame Space was created to accommodate the concrete or cement and any reinforcements.
  • the separating bridges are not surrounded by the material of the formwork components, preferably a hard foam, so that they do not weaken the cross section of the formwork components. It is therefore only necessary to cut relatively thin metal rods. This also has the advantage that the separation bridges are cut with a metal cutting disc, a saw, a notching shear or the like outside the material of the formwork component, so that it does not damage it. When sawing through metal, heat is generated which could cause the rigid foam of the formwork component to melt.
  • the outer edges of the sides of the middle frame can form attachments for the formwork components.
  • an extension extends from these outer edges on both sides into the respective formwork component, the respective extension carrying the respective anchoring (claim 9).
  • the anchors can be formed by bending or folding the ends of extensions of the connecting struts (claim 10). This makes the anchoring structurally simple and advantageous, while it does not hinder a possible halving of the formwork component.
  • cross connectors are provided in the finished formwork transverse to the longitudinal direction of the formwork components and are formed on their upper and lower surfaces as well as the upper surface and the lower surface of the formwork components. This extends the invention to such cross connectors.
  • the formwork components 1 form the two outer walls 2 in a lost formwork by providing a corresponding number of formwork components 1 above and next to one another.
  • the space 3 between the two walls 2 is filled with concrete or cement.
  • the spacing of the two walls 2 and at the same time the holding of their formwork components to one another takes place with the aid of metal connectors 4.
  • the formwork components 1 and the cross-formwork parts or connectors 5 to be explained below preferably consist of a hard foamed plastic, while the metal connectors 4 are preferably made of sheet steel .
  • the formwork components are plugged in by means of projections 6 and recesses 7 located between them, which are of the same size and pitch on both surfaces 8, 9 of the formwork components 2.
  • One surface of a formwork component is defined as the upper surface 8 and the other surface opposite it is defined as the lower surface 9 (see FIG. 1).
  • the projections 6 of the lower surface 9 fit into the recesses 7 of the upper surface 8 and likewise the projections 6 of the upper surface 8 into the recesses 7 of the lower surface 9.
  • the projections 6 and recesses 7 each form a grid dimension both in the longitudinal direction 11 and in the transverse direction 11 'of the formwork components or the formwork produced therewith, both in the longitudinal direction 11 and in the transverse direction 11 'alternately a projection and a recess are arranged one behind the other.
  • Cross connections are also possible either through the formwork components or through the cross connector 5, which have the same height as the formwork components.
  • the projections and recesses of one upper surface 8 are offset by a raster pitch R from those of the other lower surface 9.
  • the projections 6 of the lower surface 9, which are shown at the bottom left in FIG. 1, are opposite recesses 7 of the upper surface 8 at the top left in FIG. 1.
  • the narrow end faces 10 of the formwork components connected to one another can be flush with one another, or can be offset by an entire grid pitch R. If, on the other hand, formwork components are brought to a plug connection with their upper surfaces or with their lower surfaces, then these formwork components are offset from one another by half the grid dimension R (see also the explanations in FIGS. 6 to 8).
  • webs 12 are provided between the projections 6, which extend from the respective surface 8 or 9 in the direction of the projections 6 up to half their height. These webs are arranged so that they lie one on top of the other in each of the possible plug connections between the formwork components and thus form a seal or partition wall against the escape of concrete or cement from the room 3 to the outside. It is advisable to arrange the webs 12 only in the inner region of the surfaces 8, 9 (see in particular FIG. 2), so that the recesses 7 are not delimited by such webs on the outside, ie towards the side surfaces 13 of the formwork components.
  • each of the preferably square projections on three of its corner edges 6 ' is connected via a web 12 to the opposite corner edge 6' of the adjacent projection of the next row consisting of projections and recesses.
  • the webs 12 thus run at an angle of approximately 45 ° to the aforementioned rows and connect the mutually facing, i.e. opposite corner edges 6 '.
  • the upper half of the projections is free of webs 12 (see above).
  • the corner edges 6 ' can be chamfered or rounded.
  • the correspondingly bevelled or rounded protrusions of another formwork component on their corner edges fit into the correspondingly shaped, e.g. approximately square recesses 7, since they then fit with their bevels between the side surfaces of the webs 12 and rest on their side surfaces.
  • the cutouts 7 are roughly hatched in FIGS. 2, 3 and the webs 12 are hatched finely, while the projections 6 have no hatching.
  • the projections on the side edges of their upper end faces can also be provided with chamfers or roundings 6 ′′.
  • the projections 6 of the upper surface 8 can have markings or the like so that they can be immediately distinguished from the projections 25 of the lower surface 9 during assembly. This prevents confusion between the top and bottom surfaces.
  • the design of the projections, for example pins is not shown limited square shape. It only has to be ensured that the formwork components can be plugged into one another in a grid both after turning through 180 ° and after turning through 90 ° (formation of transverse walls).
  • the structure of the metal connectors 4 can be seen in FIGS. 4, 5. They consist of two connector halves, which are located above and below the dash-dotted center line 14. Between them there is only a thin separation point 15, which can be easily cut through if the formwork components are divided into corresponding upper and lower halves.
  • the illustrated and preferred embodiment of the metal connector in the form of a rectangular or square central frame is recommended, consisting of two mutually opposite sides 16, which have the separation points 15 and two connecting struts 17, which end in extensions 19 with anchors 18.
  • the anchors 18 are in the material of the formwork components and are created by bending and folding the ends of the extensions 19 carrying them.
  • the metal connectors 4 are not as high as the formwork components, so that there is enough space for concrete or cement above and below them.
  • FIG. 2 shows in particular that longitudinal grooves 21 which run vertically between the metal connectors 4 in the side walls 13 of the formwork components can be provided for receiving corresponding projections 22 of the cross connectors 5.
  • Fig. 3 shows that these cross connector 5 in the longitudinal grooves 21 of the Have matching longitudinal springs 22 on the inside of the formwork components with an undercut.
  • the distance of the longitudinal springs to one wall side 23 of the cross connector may be smaller, for example 5 mm smaller than the distance of the other cross connector from the other wall side 24. It is advisable to provide the longitudinal grooves 21 in a formwork area which is located between the metal connectors .
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows two formwork components 1, the lower surface 9 of the upper formwork component being plugged together with the upper surface 8 of the lower formwork component.
  • the displacement of the upper formwork component to the lower formwork component is 1 grid dimension R of e.g. 50 mm.
  • a grid dimension counts from one side edge of a projection (or recess) to the corresponding side edge of the next projection (or the next recess), both in the longitudinal direction of the formwork components and transversely thereto.
  • the formwork components can also be placed on top of each other in such a way that their narrow end faces, which are vertical in the drawing, are each flush with one another.
  • Fig. 7 shows the same formwork components, but the upper formwork component 1 is turned over so that its upper surface 8 is at the bottom and is plugged together with the upper surface 8 of the lower formwork component located at the top.
  • the offset of the formwork components relative to the arrangement according to FIG. 6 can thus be reduced by half the grid dimension R / 2 to half the grid dimension R / 2, ie to 25 mm in the example.
  • a plug-in position with an offset of half the grid dimension R / 2 can also be achieved by turning one of the formwork components and then plugging these two formwork components together, as is shown in FIG. 7.
  • a smaller grid dimension for example R equal to 25 mm, so that half the grid dimension R / 2 is 12.5 mm.
  • the grid dimension R is divided equally into a recess and a projection.
  • Fig. 8 shows schematically several full formwork components 1, on the upper surface 8 of which in each case beveled formwork components 1 'can be placed to form an inclined wall.
  • the cut formwork component 1 "can be used further due to its shape, e.g. in the present exemplary embodiment for the beveled formwork component 1 'located on the right. In this way, material of the formwork components can be saved considerably.

Claims (13)

  1. Elément (1) de construction de coffrage pour la création d'un coffrage perdu qui sera rempli de béton ou de ciment, notamment élément de construction de coffrage pour la création de la cage d'une construction à fausse paroi en béton, dans lequel un assemblage à emboîtement est prévu entre les faces (8, 9) des éléments (1) de construction de coffrage, qui sont destinées à être assemblées en appui l'une contre l'autre, les éléments de coffrage étant réalisés en matière plastique expansée, l'assemblage à emboîtement étant constitué, par exemple, de saillies (6) en forme de tenons et d'évidements (7) récepteurs de ces tenons, qui ont les mêmes dimensions aussi bien dans le sens longitudinal que dans le sens transversal et ont le même pas de répartition (R), caractérisé en ce que chacune des faces, c'est-à-dire la face supérieure (8) comme la face inférieure (9) d'un élément (1) de construction de coffrage, qui, lors de l'utilisation, forment un assemblage à emboîtement avec une face conjuguée correspondante d'un autre élément (1) de construction de coffrage, est pourvue de saillies (6) et d'évidements (7) disposés entre lesdites saillies, qui sont tous identiques et s'emboîtent tous les uns dans les autres, et qui s'emboîtent dans les évidements (7) et saillies (6) identiques de chacune des faces conjuguées (8, 9) d'un autre élément de construction de coffrage, en constituant un assemblage à emboîtement, et en ce que les saillies (6) ou évidements (7) de l'une des faces (face supérieure 8) sont décalés par rapport aux saillies (6) et évidements (7) de l'autre face (face inférieure 9) de l'élément de construction de la valeur d'un pas de répartition (R).
  2. Elément de construction de coffrage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les saillies (6) en forme de tenon et les évidements (7) ont chacun une section à peu près carrée.
  3. Elément de construction de coffrage selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que, sur la face supérieure (8) comme sur la face inférieure (9), les saillies (6) et les évidements (7) se succèdent alternativement dans les rangées longitudinales comme dans les rangées transversales.
  4. Elément de construction de coffrage selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que des nervures (12) sont prévues entre les angles juxtaposés (6') de deux saillies (6) voisines, ces nervures reliant ces angles entre eux et s'étendant, depuis la face correspondante (8, 9), dans le même sens que les saillies et jusqu'à mi-hauteur de celles-ci, les nervures (12) des deux faces (8, 9) étant disposées de telle manière que, lorsque deux éléments (1) de construction sont assemblés par emboîtement l'un dans l'autre, elles soient placées bout-à-bout pour former un joint.
  5. Elément de construction de coffrage selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les angles (6') et les bords (2') des faces frontales des saillies (6) sont chanfreinés ou arrondis.
  6. Elément de construction de coffrage selon l'une des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce que, sur la face supérieure (8) et sur la face inférieure (9), lesdites nervures (12) se situent uniquement à l'intérieur de ces faces (8, 9), mais sont supprimées au niveau des lisières des faces, qui sont placées face aux parois latérales (13), de telle sorte que les impuretés ou résidus d'eau pris entre les saillies sur les faces (8, 9) puissent être évacués (balayés) vers l'extérieur sans que les nervures occasionnent une gêne.
  7. Coffrage perdu assemblé constitué d'éléments de construction de coffrage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, les parois internes et externes constituées par les éléments (1) de construction de coffrage étant espacées l'une de l'autre et maintenues en position relative au moyen d'attaches métalliques (4) insérées dans les éléments de construction de coffrage, caractérisé en ce que les attaches métalliques (4) se composent d'une moitié supérieure et d'une moitié inférieure d'attache, qui se situent dans la moitié supérieure, voire inférieure du coffrage et ne sont reliées entre elles que par l'intermédiaire de sections (15) de séparation relativement minces et faibles.
  8. Coffrage perdu selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les attaches métalliques comportent un cadre central globalement carré ou rectangulaire, dont deux côtés opposés (16) s'étendent parallèlement à l'élément (1) de construction de coffrage et comportent les sections (15) de séparation, alors que les deux autres côtés sont réalisés sous forme de jambes (17) de liaison, s'étendent transversalement aux éléments de construction de coffrage et se terminent sous forme d'ancrages (18) noyés dans la matière des éléments de construction de coffrage.
  9. Coffrage perdu selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les bords extérieurs des côtés (16) forment des appuis pour les éléments (1) de construction de coffrage, et en ce qu'un prolongement (19) s'étend des deux côtés des jambes (17) de liaison et à peu près dans l'axe de celles-ci, à partir de chacun des bords extérieurs, jusqu'à l'intérieur de l'élément de construction de coffrage correspondant, le prolongement concerné portant l'ancrage (18) correspondant.
  10. Coffrage perdu selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les ancrages (18) sont obtenus par cintrage et pliage des extrémités des prolongements (19) des jambes (17) de liaison.
  11. Coffrage perdu selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en se que des éléments (5) de liaison transversale, également réalisés de préférence en matière plastique expansée dure, sont prévus dans le coffrage fini, qui s'étendent transversalement au sens longitudinal des éléments (1) de construction de coffrage, et dont les faces supérieure et inférieure sont réalisées de la même façon que les faces supérieure (8) et inférieure (9) des éléments (1) de construction de coffrage.
  12. Coffrage perdu selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que les éléments (5) de liaison transversale sont dotés de languettes longitudinales (22) qui s'encastrent dans les rainures longitudinales contre-dépouillées (21), la distance des languettes longitudinales par rapport à une paroi (23) de l'élément de liaison transversale étant inférieure, de 5 mm par exemple, à sa distance par rapport à la paroi opposée (24).
  13. Coffrage perdu selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que les rainures longitudinales (21) se trouvent dans une zone du coffrage qui est située entre les attaches métalliques (4).
EP88100506A 1987-01-20 1988-01-15 Elément de construction pour coffrage, et coffrage perdu constitué d'un tel élément Expired - Lifetime EP0275938B1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88100506T ATE71421T1 (de) 1987-01-20 1988-01-15 Schalungsbauteil, sowie hieraus zusammengesetzte verlorene schalung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3701425 1987-01-20
DE19873701425 DE3701425A1 (de) 1987-01-20 1987-01-20 Schalungsbauteil, sowie hieraus zusammengesetzte verlorene schalung

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EP0275938A1 EP0275938A1 (fr) 1988-07-27
EP0275938B1 true EP0275938B1 (fr) 1992-01-08

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EP (1) EP0275938B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE71421T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3701425A1 (fr)

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US9175486B2 (en) 2013-03-12 2015-11-03 Icf Mform Llc Insulating concrete form (ICF) system with modular tie members and associated ICF tooling

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AT406879B (de) * 1998-07-08 2000-10-25 Martin Ing Mag Kasa Baustein
CA2312158C (fr) * 2000-02-11 2003-11-04 Polyform A.G.P. Inc. Panneau de construction empilable
CA2298170A1 (fr) 2000-02-11 2001-08-11 Jean-Louis Beliveau Paneaux de construction empilable
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CA2346328A1 (fr) 2001-05-04 2002-11-04 Jean-Louis Beliveau Ameliorations dans un systeme de panneaux de construction empilables
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EP0275938A1 (fr) 1988-07-27
ATE71421T1 (de) 1992-01-15
DE3867489D1 (de) 1992-02-20
DE3701425A1 (de) 1988-09-22

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